Human Resources
What is resource?
What is Human Resource?
Human Resource Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy.
People are a nation s greatest resource Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements. Human resources are not equally distributed over the world Differ from education, gender and age It is dynamic
Created in 1985 To develop skills among people
Distribution of population The pattern of population distribution More than 90 % of the world s population lives in about 10 % of the land surface
Some areas are very crowded while some are sparely The crowded areas are south and South East Asia, Europe and North Eastern North America
Very few people live at high altitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and equatorial forests Many people live north of the Equator than south of the equator Almost three quarters of the world s people live in two continents Asia and Africa
60 % of the people live in 10 countries All of them have more than 100 million people
Density of Population
Density of Population Number of people living in a unit area of the earth s surface Normally expressed as per square km Average density in the whole world is 45 person per square km South Central Asia has the highest followed by East and South East Asia
Factors affecting distribution of population Geographical Factors Social, Cultural and Economical
Geographical factors Topography People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus The Ganga plain is densely populated
Climate People generally avoid extreme climate Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica
Soil Fertile soil provide suitable land for agriculture Fertile plains like Ganga and Brahmaputra in India Hwang Hem Chang Jiang in China an Nike in Egypt are densely populated
Water People prefer to live near fresh water The river valleys of the world are densely populated
Minerals Areas with mineral deposits are more populated Diamond mines of South Africa and Middle east lead setting of people in these areas
Social, Cultural and Economic Factors Social factos Areas of better housing, education and health facilities
Cultural Places with religion or cultural significance attack people Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city
Economic Industrial areas provide employment opportunities Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India
Population Change It refers in the number pf people during a specific time World population has not been stable Change in the number of births and deaths Ober 1800s world s population grew steadily but slowly
Large number of babies were born but they dies soon No proper health facilities Sufficient food was not available for all the people
in 1820s, the world s population reached one billion 150 years later, in the early 1970s the world s population reached 3 billion In 1999, less than 30 years later, it doubled to 6 billion
Birth rate The number of live birth per 1000 people
Birth Rate Death Rate 19 births/1,000 population 8 deaths/1,000 population 131.4 million births per year 55.3 million people die each year 360,000 births per day 151,600 people die each day 15,000 births each hour 6,316 people die each hour
Death rate The number of deaths per 1000 people
Migrations It is the movement of people in and out of an area
Migration changes the size of population Within the country or between the countries Emigrants- are the people who leave a country Immigrants - are those who arrive in a country
USA and Australia have gained in numbers by in-migration or immigrates Sudan - has experienced a loss of population numbers due to out - migration or emigration
Natural growth rate The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country
Patterns of Population Change Rates of population growth vary across the world Not all countries are experiencing the same growth Kenya have high population growth rates High birth rates and death rates Improved health care, death rates have fallen death rates Countries like UK - population growth is slowing because of low death and low birth rates
Population Composition Crowded countries have nothing to do with economic development Japan and Bangladesh People should be used as resource - We need to know their quality Population vary in age, gender, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income
Composition of populations helps us to know - Total males and females, age groups, education, occupation, health and income To study population composition of a country - Population pyramid - Age sex pyramid
Top size of top shows the numbers of aged people - above 65 and reflects the number of deaths
The population of a country which have more birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top Children are born but large number of them die in their infancy - few become adult and very ew old - Kenya
In the countries where death rates are decreasing - pyramids are broad in the younger age groups - India Large number of young population Japan - low birth rates makes narrow pyramid at the base Decreased death rates allow numbers of people to reach old age