ARIMNet2 International Conference on Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) in the Mediterranean 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey The diversity of Agricultural Advisory Services in Europe Andrea KNIERIM (andrea.knierim@uni-hohenheim.de) University of Hohenheim, Germany 1 1
Structure Introduction, understanding of terms Political and institutional framework(s) AKIS and Agricultural advisory services (AAS) Diversity of European AKIS Integrated and fragmented AKIS Who is providing AAS, how and to whom? Organisational features Quality and quantities of services Conclusions ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 2
Introduction, understanding of terms Political and institutional framework(s) Historically, Agricultural advisory services (AAS) have a long tradition in almost all European countries Since 2007, the availability of a Farm advisory system (FAS) is mandatory for EU member states (EC 1782/2003); ongoing, there are financially supportive schemes (EU 73/2009; EU 1306/2013) ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 3
Introduction, understanding of terms AKIS and Agricultural advisory services (AAS) AKIS = Agricultural knowledge and innovation (information) system -> a network of actors engaged in knowledge generation, exchange, application in order to bring about change -> more formal: a country s institutional setting of agricultural knowledge providing organisations Agricultural advisory services the entire set of organizations that will enable the farmers to co-produce farm-level solutions by establishing service relationships with advisers so as to produce knowledge and enhance skills (Labarthe et al. 2013) ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 4
Diversity of European AKIS (as of 2013) Manifold private and public actors with various resources More or less integrated resp. fragmented AKIS Minimal public spending, low coordination, no targeted policies ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 5
Diversity of European AKIS (as of 2013) Manifold private and public actors with various resources More or less integrated resp. fragmented AKIS Various actors with resources, good communication with clients, low coordination ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 6
Diversity of European AKIS (as of 2013) Manifold private and public actors with various resources More or less integrated resp. fragmented AKIS One dominant actor, well connected with practice, integrating and coordinating others ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 7
Who is providing AAS? Type of dominant advisory service org Public Country Bulgaria Greece Hungary* Ireland Latvia* Poland* Romania* Slovakia* Private Estonia* The Netherlands Farmer-Based Organisation Austria* Belgium Cyprus Denmark Finland France* Lithuania* Portugal Slovenia* Spain Sweden Public/ Private Czech Republic* United Kingdom Public/Private/FBO Germany* Italy Malta Public/ FBO Luxembourg* ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 8
How are AAS services provided? Numbers of advisors per organisation (median value) BE DE DK IE IT LV LU SE UK public 227 7 n.a. 300 10 50 2 4 15 private 6.5 2 30 1 3 14.5 n.a. 3 3 FBO 2.5 5 15.5 7.5 1 15 6 NGO 2.5 5 5 4 Selected quantified data for Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Sweden and UK ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 9
To whom are AAS services provided? ITALY Public (yellow): small farms, young farmers Private (grey): less explicit FBO (blue): large farms, women & young farmers NGO (red): large farms, employees GERMANY Public (yellow): most types Private (grey): large and medium farms FBO (blue): farm fokus NGO (red):less explicit ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 10
Conclusions There is increasing plurality of AAS in the (European) AKIS The organisational differences between public and private actors have an impact on the advisor-farmer relation Obviously, medium and large scale farmers are dominant clients while other groups are clearly underserved Privatisation of advisory services likely to have impacts on the organisation s internal and external knowledge management and on its role in interactive innovation development Governance roles for public sector services in the AKIS increase and comprise Coordination and control of programs and projects Quality management and the creation of transparency Support of self-organisation and bottom-up processes in agriculture ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 11
Thank you for your attention! Literature and further information on www.proakis.eu ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 12
Background data on sample Countries Total Public Private FBO NGO Org. advisors Org. advisors Org. advisors Org. advisors Org. advisors Belgium 22 651 2 455 4 117 4 23 12 56 Denmark 17 630 0 0 7 247 10 383 0 0 Germany 85 1933 5 711 42 157 29 771 9 294 Ireland 33 356 1 300 32 56 0 0 0 0 Italy 74 2629 12 1615 51 474 8 243 3 297 Latvia 7 496 3 448 4 48 0 0 0 0 Luxembourg 9 30 4 8 0 0 5 22 0 0 Sweden 19 1704 1 4 15 174 3 1526 0 0 UK 71 1578 12 1027 50 411 4 53 5 87 TOTAL 337 10007 40 4568 205 1684 63 3021 29 734 ARIMNet2 AKIS Conference, 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey 13