Warm-Up 11/24/14 What technology do you use on a daily basis? Could you live without it? Explain. Minimum of a 6 sentence paragraph.
Industrialization & Nationalism
Industrialization Time period of increased output of machine-made goods Agricultural Revolution Begin in England mid 1700 s Wealthy bought up small farms Enclosure- A large farm New Techniques/Machines Crop Rotation Seed Drill- Jethro Tull Steel Plow- John Deere More Food = More People
Requirements for Industrialization Idea is that machines make stuff more efficiently Resources needed Fuel, Construction Material, Inland/Export Transportation Factors of Production What is needed in order to produce something. Land, Labor, Capital,
Factories/Steam Power Factory = large bldg. where goods are produced Needed Water- near streams/rivers Assembly Line- Progressive assembling of identical items Steam Technology engines power machines Eventually used for Transportation
Industrial Cities Urbanization- movement of people to cities Cities Rapidly expanded Manchester- 10k to 100k in 50 yrs Factory system was ecological disaster Population Explosion- b/c of new medicines people lived longer, less children died.
Working Conditions Early Factories No Sanitary/Safety conditions. Poorly heated/ventilated 12-14 hrs/day 6 ½ to 7 days/week Draconian Discipline Child Labor/Women Paid less, 12-14 hrs day
Living Conditions Tenement Buildings Small Apartments lacked Sanitation City Services No clean Water, sewers, police, Fire D. Epidemics Typhoid, Cholera, Typhus Middle Class moved outside city- Poor to City Center
Economic Systems
Capitalism An economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits Allows for Very rich (rewards success) and very poor
Socialism People control industry Rewards laziness (large welfare system) Redistribution of Wealth (pulls wealthy down to give $ to poor)
Communism/Marxism No Private property Govt controls everything Everyone supposedly equal from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs work 100hrs vs 10hrs/week = same paycheck
Warm-Up 11/25/14 Describe the working conditions in early factories. Minimum of a 6 sentence paragraph.
Romanticism Artistic & intellectual movement to get away from reality of ugly industrial revolution Based on Human emotion, sensation & physical passion. Tried to Show the best of everything Examples; George Gordon, Lord Byron: She walks in Beauty Ludwig von Beethoven- 5th & 12th Symphonies Richard Wagner- Ride of the Valkyries
Realism Artistic movement that tried to show how world really was Aided by Camera Matthew BradyPhotographer of the US Civil War
Impressionism Reaction to Realism Artists tried to capture the first fleeting impression that a scene or object made on a person. Claude Monet and Renoir were two of the most famous.
Post-Impressionism Artists like Van Gogh, Seurat, etc
Warm-Up 12/1/2014 Which Artistic Style did you like the Best? The Least? Explain why. Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, PostImpressionism Minimum of a 6 sentence Paragraph
Nationalism
What is Nationalism? A Feeling of Pride for and Devotion to One s Country. Many Ethnic groups wanted their own nation. Established governments fear uprisings Holy Alliance- Austria, Russia & Prussia agree to help each other if revolts
Revolts of 1820, 1830 & 1848 Ethnic Conflicts throughout Europe Old order begins to Crumble Greece & Belgium won independence GB guaranteed Belgium s independence
In the Western Hemisphere... US Expands- Manifest Destiny Sea to Shining Sea Millions of Immigrants to US Irish- 2 mil Germans- 1.5 mil Monroe Doctrine Prevents European Expansion in West US would fight
Great Britain Started Reforming in 1830 s Reform Bills = More Suffrage 1833- Slavery Abolished Limited Children s Work Hrs Compulsory Education Duke of Wellington was Prime Minister = Iron Duke Tried to Prevent Changes & Failed Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901) Victorian Age- Morality, Values, etc...
Ireland Ruled by G.B. treaty badly Kept poor Potato Famine Crops Failed ½ of Pop. starved/left Irish failed to gain Home Rule
France Became a Constitutional Monarchy. Several Kings (not any really good) Revolution of 1848 ended Monarchy 2nd French Republic Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected President
Plebiscite gave Louis Napoleon Dictatorial Powers Plebiscite created 2nd French Empire Napoleon III = Emperor Napoleon III attempted to put a Austrian Emperor in Mexico US Civil War Cinco de Mayo- Mex. Victory French Foreign Legion Battle of Camerone 62 vs 3000, bayonet Charge (last 5) Eventually Lost After US Civil War, US Army said Get Out!
Fall of Empire, the Republic & Commune Franco-Prussian War (1870-1) Nap III tricked into War Badly defeated- Captured Siege of Paris- Surrender Emp. Fell 3rd Republic Started Almost a Monarchy Paris Commune Radicals started civil War Commune Lost, Extremely Violent
Eastern Europe Austria & Russia
Austria-Hungary Became a Dual Monarchy with Austria and Hungary each Autonomous. Joined together by Emperor Franz Joseph. Lots of Ethnic Problems in Empire
Ethnicity in Austro-Hungarian Empire
Warm-Up 12/2/2014 STUDY FOR VOCABULARY QUIZ!!!
Russia Most repressive, backward, rural and agricultural country in Europe. Repression based on three ideas. Autocracy- Czar has all power Orthodoxy- All follow same religion Nationalism- everyone becomes Russian, no matter what. Russification- Everyone becoming Russian. If people don t Russify, torture w/ Pogroms (Like Jews).
Russia Continued... 1861- Serfdom (like slavery) abolished by Czar Alexander II Done by Emancipation Proclamation
The Crimean War War between Britain, France & Russia. Fighting took place in Crimea in Russia. Both sides did incredibly stupid things. Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava
Crimean War Continued... Fall of Russian Fortress of Sevastopol & Austrian Ultimatum for Peace ended war. Nearly 500,000 dead soldiers, 2/3 of them Russian. Florence Nightingale started modern nursing during war.
In the US... Slavery- common in South Many compromises Abolitionists = people who wanted to end slavery Civil War 1861-1865 USA vs CSA United States vs Confederate States USA Wins First Modern War (Technology) Telegraph, Trains, Repeating weapons, Ironclads
Civil War to Indian Wars Gettysburg = Biggest Battle Ended slavery (1862/1865) 1862 = Emancipation Proclamation & 13th Amendment Indian Wars-US vs. Native Americans. Natives sent/forced onto Reservations- Natives fought back Sioux Wars In the Black Hills of the Dakotas Sioux lands had gold on them. Custer s Last Stand. 7th Cavalry almost wiped out by Crazy Horse & Sitting Bull
Italian Unification
Italian Nationalists Italy split into different countries Movement called Risorgimento (Resurgence) King of Sardinia wanted to unite Victor Emmanuel II Garibaldi in South Soldiers called Red Shirts United most of South Mazzini in North- led Young Italy United in Spirit
War & Democracy Count Cavour- Prime Minister to V.E.II Realpolitik- politics of practical reality Bloody War vs Austria Cavour provoked War France backed Sardinia Plebiscites- 1860: 4 more joined Sardinia 1861- Kingdom of Italy
Last Tidbits... Rome added to Italy in 1870 Franco-Prussian War prevented French troops from helping Pope Italian Problems Poverty, lack of resources Few schools, illiteracy Corruption/Mafia (Sicily) Popes didn t approve Thousands left for US
Map of Italian Unification
Warm-Up 12/3/2014 How did Italy unify? Explain Minimum of a 6 sentence paragraph.
German Unification Early revolutions = Fail Zollverein- Common trade union No Taxes Most Ger. States belonged Wilhelm I- King of Prussia Otto von Bismarck- Prime Minister Junker (Noble) Chief Architect
Bismarck s Blood & Iron Modernized Prussian Army Expanded/ new weapons Observers to US Civil War perfected use of RR, Reaping weapons & telegraph Strategy to unify = Military
War with Denmark Wars of Unification over Schleswig/Holstein Easy win War with Austria Tricked into war 7 weeks Battle of Sadowa War with France Tricked/ EMS Dispatch 6 weeks, Nap III captured Siege of Paris- Brutal food = horses/rats Peace = Harsh France Humiliated
Second Reich 2nd German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm I Bismarck- Chancellor Germany = Most Powerful Most Industrialized Kulterkampf = Cultural Struggle vs Catholics & Socialists Church help against Soc.
Bismarck s Plans for Peace Prevent 2-Front War Isolate France Keep Russia & France from alliance England- no challenge Balance of Power Any 2 of 4 major powers System of Alliances- to prevent 2 front war Wilhelm II screwed Up Fired Bismarck
Nationalism in the Balkans
Independance Won from Ottoman Empire By 1912-13 area was a Powder Keg National groups fought each other Leads to WWI