Governorate, April 2018 Humanitarian Situation Overview in Syria (HSOS) OVERALL FINDINGS1 Coverage Syria s northern governorate of borders Ar-Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor governorates, and has faced high numbers of IDP arrivals as a result of its geographic proximity to conflict-affected areas. From June to October 2017, the offensives to expel the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from Ar-Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor led to a rapid increase in IDPs arrivals. Many of these IDPs live in camps around city and Al-Malikkeyeh city. For further information on some of s major camps, please refer to the latest Camp and Informal Site Profiles. In 21 of the assessed communities, Key Informants (KIs) reported the presence of approximately 18,791 IDPs, with new IDP arrivals from Afrin district (Aleppo) reported in Qdurbik, Qanat As Sways, and AlMalikeyyeh. Furthermore, approximately 12,050 of these IDPs were reportedly located in Al-Malikeyyeh city, comprising nearly half of the city s population of 27,050. KIs in the assessed communities reported that the most common types of shelter lived in by IDPs and members of the pre-conflict population were independent apartments or houses. In terms of fuel, 15 of the assessed communities, mainly located in Al-Malikeyyeh and Quamishli districts, cited having a lack of fuel. Commonly reported coping strategies to deal with the lack of fuel in these communities included burning productive assets and furniture either in or out of use. KIs reported that healthcare was the top priority need throughout the assessed communities. In 82 communities, KIs reported that some residents faced barriers to accessing healthcare services, with 72 reporting that there were no functioning medical facilities in the community. Furthermore, in 59 of the assessed communities, KIs stated that none of the assessed medical items were available in their community in April. The majority of the communities stated that chronic disease and acute respiratory infections were the most commonly reported health issues faced by community members in April. Additionaly, the majority of communities reported that residents faced difficulties in accessing sufficient amounts of food, the most common barriers being the high cost of some food items on markets and a lack of resources to buy food. Furthermore, in terms of water, 86 of the assessed communities stated that water was fine to drink, while Tal Tamer and Sharm El Sheikh communities reported that water either tasted or smelled bad. In 5 of the assessed communities, Tal Brie - Krie Brie, Tal Majdal, Hamediyah, Rihaniyet Shamr, and Um Rabee, KIs also reported that there is an insufficient amount of water to meet household needs. In 8 of the assessed communities, KIs reported that functioning primary schools were available within their communities. Additionally, 66 reported that most children were able to access available educational services. However, 18 communities reported that children faced barriers to education. The majority of these communities cited disapproval of curriculum or curriculum unavailable in appropriate language as the main barriers to education. Notably, at the start of the 2017-2018 school year, authorities in northern governorate shut down some private schools operating outside of the Kurdish language curriculum. KIs reported that the majority of communities facing curriculum related barriers were located in Al-Malikeyyeh district. TURKEY Jawadiyah Qahtaniyyeh Amuda Darbasiyah Quamishli Ya'robiyah Tal Hmis Ras Al Ain Tal Tamer Be'r Al-Hulo Al-Wardeyyeh AR-RAQQA Al-Malikeyyeh Hole Areesheh IRAQ Shadadah Markada DEIR-EZ-ZOR Communities assessed (88 of 82) Sub-districts with communities assessed (11 of 16) Top reported priority needs 1. Healthcare 2. Food security. Education Demographics* 1,107,159 600,080 people in need 507,079 * Figures based on HNO 2018 population data for the entire governorate. KEY EVENTS Offensive to capture Ar-Raqqa city begins, triggering large-scale displacement to. Forces advance on ISIL in Deirez-Zor, triggering large-scale displacement to 5. 6 June 2017 September 2017 Conditions worsen in Sidd Camp First local election in Kurdish-held ( sub-district): severe territories in Syria6. lack of medical supplies and adequate shelter7. 22 September 2017 November 2017 An increase in cases of GuillainBarré Syndrome (GBS) and 505 reported cases of measles throughout 8. Forces prepare to escalate offensive on ISIL in southern AlHasakeh governorate9. 28 February 2018 28 April 2018
Governorate, April 2018 Governorate areas of influence: Area of influence Sourced from Live UA Map, 0 April 2018 TURKEY Opposition Groups Opposition - Free Syrian Army (Olive Branch/Euphrates Shield) Democratic Federation of Northern Syria - Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF-coalition) Democratic Federation of Northern Syria - Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) City ISIL-affiliated groups Assessed Community AR-RAQQA IRAQ DEIR-EZ-ZOR 2
Governorate, April 2018 DISPLACEMENT Estimated percent of pre-conflict population (PCP) displaced from community: 115-150 Estimated number of IDP arrivals in assessed communities in April. Quamishli 0 Estimated number of spontaneous returns in assessed communities in April 2. Communities with the largest estimated number of IDP arrivals: Al-Malikeyyeh 100-125 Qdurbik 10-15 Qanat As Sways 5-10 Top sub-districts of origin of most IDPs arrivals, : Afrin (Aleppo) Jandairis (Aleppo) Raju (Aleppo) 50% 25% 25% 88 communities reported no PCP departures,. No reported PCP departures Estimated % of pre-conflict population displaced from community 0-2% 25-9% 50-7% 75-100% Neighbourhood reporting spontaneous returns this month Sub-district with one or more assessed communities reporting spontaneous returns this month Sub-district with no assessed communities reporting spontaneous returns this month
+ + + Governorate, April 2018 SHELTER AND NFI Fuel sufficiency: Primary source of electricity reported: 68+2+A 68% 2% Network Generator 7 communities reported no lack of fuel. Most common strategies to cope with a lack of fuel in the remaining 15 assessed communities, : Burning productive assets Burning furniture not in use Burning plastic Burning furniture in use Burning waste 67+0+++27 67% 0% % % 27% 5,62 SYP 6,108 SYP Governorate average reported rent price in Syrian Pounds (SYP) across assessed communities. 5 Syrian average reported rent price in SYP across assessed communities.5 Most commonly reported shelter type for PCP (in red) and IDP (in grey) households : Independent apartment/ house Shared apartment/ house Collective public space 99+95+1 +5 + 99% 95% 1% 0% 0% 5% Insufficient fuel reported Sufficient fuel reported Reported fuel prices (in SYP) 5 : Fuel type: Governorate average price in April: Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities Governorate average price in March: Syrian average price in April: Coal (1 kilogram) 557 55 280 Diesel (1 litre) 52 69 227 Butane (1 canister) 2,290 2,287 5,90 Firewood (1 tonne) 6,000 2,167 5,11 5 1 USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 April 2018)
+ Governorate, April 2018 HEALTH Presence of health facilities in assessed communities: 59 16 Communities reported that no assessed medical items were available in their community. Communities reported that the majority of women did not have access to formal health facilities to give birth. 6 communities reported that residents experienced no barriers to accessing healthcare services. The barriers in the remaining 82 assessed communities were, : No health facilities available in the area High cost of transportation to facilities Healthcare services too expensive Old age Security concerns when traveling to facilities Lack of transportation to facilities 82+55+50+16+15+15+6+5 Disability/injuries/illness preventing travel Security concerns to enter/remain in facilities 82% 55% 50% 16% 15% 15% 6% 5% No health facilities reportedly available in area Health facilities reportedly available in area Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities 8 communities reported that residents were not using coping strategies to deal with a lack of medical supplies. The coping strategies used in the remaining 5 communities were, : Using non-medical items for treatment 100+ 100% Top most needed healthcare services reported, : Medicine 82% Top most common health problems reported, : Chronic diseases 7% Chronic disease support 5% Acute respiratory infections 8% Psychosocial support 1% Severe diseases affecting those younger than 5 6% 5
+ + + A++2 Governorate, April 2018 WASH Water sufficiency for household needs: 2 0 Communities reported that water from their primary source tasted and/or smelled bad. Communities reported that drinking water from their primary source made people sick. 79 communities reported that residents had no problems with latrines. The most prevalent problems with latrines in the remaining 9 assessed communities were, : Inability to empty septic tanks Lack of privacy No separation between men and women No water to flush Blocked connections to sewage 67+++22+11+ 67% % % 22% 11% 8 communities reported that they had sufficient amounts of water to meet household needs. The most common coping strategies to deal with a lack of water in the remaining 5 assessed communities were, : Reduce drinking water consumption Modify hygiene practices Spend money usually spent on other things to buy water 60+0+0+ 60% 0% 0% Insufficient water reported Sufficient water reported Primary drinking water source reported : 6+ 6% 2% % Network Closed well Water in one or more assessed communities in sub-district reportedly tastes/smells bad or makes people sick Water is reportedly fine to drink in all assessed communities in sub-district Water trucking Top reported methods of garbage disposal, : Private paid collection Public free collection Disposed at designated site 0% 0% 2% 6
Governorate, April 2018 FOOD SECURITY Food sufficiency: 8 0 Communities reported not having received a food distribution in the last 12 months. Communities reported that residents were unable to purchase food at shops and markets. 1 communities reported that residents experienced no challenges in accessing food. The most common difficulties experienced in the remaining 75 assessed communities were, : Some items too expensive Lack of resources to buy food Some items unavailable Lack of access to market 95+52+51+25+15+7+1 Decrease in local food production 15% Lack of available cooking fuel Lack of access to available cooking fuel Core food item prices reported (in SYP) 5 : 95% 52% 51% 25% 7% 1% Insufficient food reported Somewhat sufficient food reported Sufficient food reported Sub-district with assessed communities Sub-district with no assessed communities Food item: Governorate average price in April: Governorate average price in March: Syrian average price in April: Bread public bakery (1 loaf) 102 99 115 Rice (1 kilogram) 505 505 0 Lentils (1 kilogram) 5 0 Sugar (1 kilogram) 5 66 08 Cooking oil (1 litre) 500 52 56 Most common ways of obtaining food reported, : Purchased Own production Bartering Food distributions 100+80+25+16+1 100% Received from others 1% 80% 25% 16% 7 5 1 USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 April 2018)
Governorate, April 2018 LIVELIHOODS 50,000-100,000 SYP 2588 SYP 0 Most commonly reported household income range5. Governorate average food basket price 5,6. Communities reported that residents used exteme foodbased coping strategies to deal with insufficient income 7. EDUCATION Barriers to accessing education services: 20 communities reported that residents had enough income to cover household needs. The most commonly reported coping strategies to deal with a lack of income in the remaining 68 assessed communities were, : Borrow money from family/ friends Reduce meal size Send children to work or beg Skip meals 68+9+2+21+18 High risk/ illegal work 18% 68% 9% 2% 21% Barriers to accessing education reported No barriers to accessing education reported Schools in one or more assessed communities in sub-district reportedly destroyed No schools in assessed communities in sub-district reportedly destroyed Most commonly reported main sources of income, : Stable/ salaried employment Remittances Unstable/ daily employment Farm ownership 77+68+59+0+22 Business or trade 22% 77% 68% 59% 0% 70 communities reported that most children were able to access education. The most commonly reported barriers to education in the remaining 18 assessed communities were, : Parents disapprove of curriculum Curriculum unavailable in appropriate language Services are too far Lack of teaching staff 56+50 ++28+22 Routes to services unsafe 22% 56% 50% % 28% 6 Calculation of the average price of a food basket is based on the World Food Programme s standard basket of dry goods. The food basket includes 7 kg of bread, 19 kg of rice, 19 kg of lentils, 5 kg of sugar, and 7 kg of vegetable oil, and provides 1,90 kcal a day for a family of five for a month. 5 1 USD = SYP (UN operational rates of exchange as of 1 April 2018) 7 Extreme food-based strategies: Eating food waste; eating non-edible plants and spending days without eating. 8
Governorate, April 2018 METHODOLOGY The HSOS project, formerly known as the AoO (Area of Origin) project, is a monthly assessment that aims to provide comprehensive, multi-sectoral information about the humanitarian situation inside Syria. This factsheet presents information gathered in 88 communities in May 2018, referring to the situation in Governorate in April 2018. It presents key indicators, rather than the entire range of indicators gathered in the HSOS questionnaire. For community-level data on assessed sub-districts in, Dar a, Idleb, Rural Damascus and Quneitra, please refer to the monthly sub-district factsheets, available on the REACH Resource Centre. The complete HSOS dataset is disseminated monthly via the REACH Syria mailing list. Wherever possible, information was collected through an enumerator network. REACH enumerators are based inside Syria and interview Key Informants (KIs) directly in the community about which they are reporting. Where access and security constraints rendered direct data collection unfeasible, KI interviews were conducted remotely through participants identified in camps and settlements in neighbouring countries by REACH field teams. Participants contact KIs in their community in Syria to collect information about their community. KIs were asked to report at the community level. KIs generally included local council members, Syrian NGO workers, medical professionals, teachers, shop owners and farmers, among others, and were chosen based on their communitylevel or sector specific knowledge. In cases where KIs disagreed on a certain piece of information, enumerators triangulated the data with secondary sources or selected the response provided by the KI with the more relevant sector-specific background. For each question asked, confidence levels were assigned based on the KIs area of expertise and knowledge of the sector-specific situation. The confidence levels associated with each question are presented in the final dataset. The full confidence matrix used to assign confidence levels is available upon request. Findings were triangulated through secondary sources, including news monitoring and humanitarian reports. Where necessary, follow-up was conducted with enumerators and participants. Findings are indicative rather than representative, and should not be generalised across the governorate. ENDNOTES 1 All information and figures reported in HSOS factsheets refer to the situation in assessed communities and cannot be generalised to other non-assessed communities of the governorate. 2 Returns are not necessarily voluntary, safe, or sustainable. Children includes all persons below the age of 18. Aljazeera. (6 June 2017). SDF launch major offensive to capture ISIL-held Raqqa. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com. 5 Oliver and Osseiran. (26 September 2017). Mapping the Battle Against ISIS in Deir Ezzor. Syria Deeply. Retrieved from http://www.newsdeeply.com. 6 Ibrahim, Ali and Edelman. (21 September 2017). First-ever local elections to begin in Kurdish-held territories. Retrieved from http://syriadirect.org. 7 Ibrahim and Nelson. (28 November 2017). Displaced people from Raqqa, Deir e-zor strain limited resources in northern camps. Retrieved from http://syriadirect.org. 8 World Health Organisation. (28 February 2018). Syria Crisis: Whole-of-Syria update, Situation report # 1 - February 2018. Retrieved from http://reliefweb.int 9 Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. ( April 2018). The International Coalition and SDF prepare for a massive military operation against ISIS amid alertness in the east of the Euphrates River and south of Al-Hasakah. Retrieved from http://www.syriahr.com About REACH REACH is a joint initiative of two international non-governmental organisations - ACTED and IMPACT Initiatives - and the UN Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT). REACH aims to strengthen evidence-based decision making by aid actors through efficient data collection, management and analysis before, during and after an emergency. By doing so, REACH contributes to ensuring that communities affected by emergencies receive the support they need. All REACH activities are conducted in support to, and within the framework of, interagency aid coordination mechanisms. For more information, please visit our website: www.reachinitiative.org. You can contact us directly at: geneva@reach-initiaitive.org and follow us on Twitter: @REACH_info. 9