SSUSH25 Key Supreme Court Cases and the US Presidents from Nixon-Bush The Last PowerPoint presentation of the semester
Supreme Court Cases of the 70 s Regents of UC vs. Bakke (1978) Established the Bakke Decision Race could be used as a consideration in admission; however, racial quotas is a violation of the 14 th Amendment. Kept affirmative action legal Affirmative action a policy aimed to increase minority representation in the workplace, educational institutions, social setting, and etc.
(Cont d) Roe vs. Wade (1973) Legalizes abortion within the first three months of pregnancy.
Richard Nixon Foreign Policy Détente the utilization of diplomacy rather than intimidation to ease tensions between the US and USSR. Signed SALT I with the USSR. 1 st President to recognize the Communist government of China. Opened trade with China.
The Watergate Scandal Republicans attempted to wiretap phones at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate building. Five individuals were arrested for breaking in to the building. Nixon did not know about that plan, but he participated in the cover-up.
(Cont d) (cont d) Nixon s office recorded conversations proved that he was involved with the cover-up. Nixon resigned from office before being impeached by the House of Representatives and found guilty by the Senate.
Gerald Ford Took over Nixon s presidency when he resigned. Ford pardoned Nixon. First president to serve as Vice President and President and never elected to either position.
Jimmy Carter Foreign Policy Signed SALT II with the USSR Camp David Accords (1978) a signed peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. Iranian Hostage Crisis Iran had a revolution that forced the US friendly leader to flee. The US allowed the leader to come to the US An Iranian mob stormed the US embassy and held US citizens as hostage from Nov. 4, 1979 January 21, 1981.
Ronald Reagan Most well known Conservative President Opposed high taxes, government spending, and many federal social programs. Reaganomics an economic plan to reduce corporate taxes. It is also known as the trickle down theory trickle down theory let the tax cuts roll down to the consumers from the top.
(Cont d) Reagan and the USSR Reagan calls the USSR an evil empire. Engaged the USSR with another arms race because Reagan predicted that the economy of the USSR could not survive. Reagan was credited with bringing down the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the USSR.
(cont d) The Iran-Contra Scandal The US secretly sold weapons to Iran to fund Nicaraguan rebels known as the Contras. The Contras opposed the pro-soviet government of Nicaragua. When Congress found out about the sell of arms to Iran, there was a large backlash against Reagan s administration. In the end, Oliver North took the blame for the scandal. North ended up looking more like a hero fighting communism.
Bill Clinton NAFTA Promoted free trade between the US, Canada, and Mexico. Supporters it will cause and increase in business and jobs in the US because Canada and Mexico will demand more of our goods. Opponents companies will leave the US and set up shop in other countries because it would cost less to operate the business.
(cont d) Scandal and Impeachment Bill Clinton is the second president to be impeached. He was impeached for perjury (false testimony under oath). He lied about his involvement with Monica Lewinski Although he was impeached, Clinton was acquitted by the Senate.
Clinton and Congress Clinton, had to work closely with the Republican controlled Congress. There was a temporary shutdown of the government because a budget battle. Congress was blamed for the budget battle, and this controversy helped Clinton to be reelected in 1996 for a second term.
George W. Bush The Presidential Election of 2000 George Bush vs. Al Gore The closest presidential election in our history Decided by a mere 537 votes. Gore won the popular vote while Bush won the most electoral college votes making Bush the winner.
(cont d) 2000 Presidential Election controversy The election came down to Florida which had a total of 25 electoral votes. At first Gore conceded the election to Bush; however, he took it back because he realized that less than 1,000 votes separated the two candidates. Once the votes were counted and the victory was given to Bush, Gore asked for a recount. Voting irregularities suggested that some voters accidentally voted for a third party candidate instead of Gore. Eventually the Supreme Court ordered a stop on the recounts because it was dragging the election process. George Bush was named victorious in the 2000 Presidential Election.
(Cont d) The War on Terror Early in Bush s presidency, the US was attacked on 9/11/01. Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda took responsibility for the terrorist attacks. Locations of the terrorist attacks New York City The Pentagon Pennsylvania (which could have been heading to the White House or the Capitol)
(cont d) (cont d) Bush declared a war on terrorism Domestic Response Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security The PATRIOT ACT allows government agencies to take more extreme measures in obtaining information of suspected terrorists.
(cont d) Operation Enduring Freedom The US invades Afghanistan when to overthrow the Taliban government which provided bin Laden protection and to bring bin Laden to trial for his crimes against the US.
(cont d) Operation Iraqi Freedom The US entered Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein from power. The US thought Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction in his country. He did not; however, we helped Iraq to overthrow a viscous dictator. Currently, the US is trying to help Iraq establish and maintain a democratic government.