Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez
Topics What is Positivism? Why does Latin American adopt positivism? U.S. Foreign Policy In Latin America Early 20 th Century Revolutions in Latin America 2
Positivism: Order and Progress Theory based on scientific applications to gain knowledge Philosophy by Auguste Comte 1798-1857 Based on empirical & scientific observations Embraced by Latin America why? 3
Positivism: Order and Progress Theory based on scientific applications to gain knowledge Philosophy followed by the Diaz Regime Applied to Mexico Government: Cientificos Economy: foreign investment Society: immigrants 4
Economic Transformations Exports from Latin America grew Chile: wheat, copper Colombia: tobacco Argentina: wheat, hides & beef Peru: guano Cuba: sugar Brazil: coffee Venezuela: cacao More unequal distribution of wealth Railroad growth with U.S. & UK capital Dependency theory?
Economic Transformations
Peoples of Latin America 19 th century Southern Cone & S. Brazil European immigration Spanish America 50% to 66% indigenous Cheated of their lands ejidos or ayllus Venezuela & Colombia majority mixed pop. End of slavery in Latin America 1801 Haiti 1824 Guatemala 1825-1829 Argentina, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Mexico 1840-1845 Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador 1865 U.S.A. 1873 Puerto Rico 1886 Cuba 1888 Brazil
Porfirato Economy Economy Railroad Industry Mining Oil 1900 ¼ of budget on military 10
os Cientificos (technocrats) Jose Limantour Foreign debt paid off 1894 surplus in treasury Favor European immigrants Dislike natives & rural masses Justo Sierra We need to attract immigrants from Europe for only European blood can keep the level of civilization that has produced our nationality from sinking 11
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Brazil
XM 6.2
Becoming a World Power The New Imperialism After 1870 European powers scrambled to dominate Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Bringing civilization to the supposedly backward peoples of the non-european world. 15
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Article for discussion Who wrote the article? When? What do we know about the author? What does Marti say about the people that are not patriots? What are the problems occurring in Latin America republics? What is good government? What is the main external danger? What is his view on race? Is he is positivist? What is Marti s feelings towards the U.S.?
Jose Marti 1853-1895, poet Cuban national figure Cuba fighting for independence since 1868
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Becoming a World Power A small group of late-nineteenth-century thinkers actively promoted American expansionism. Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan 20
Becoming a World Power The Splendid Little War Cuba had fought for independence since 1868. The United States went to war with Spain to win Cuba s liberty and freedom. Maine, American battleship, destroyed in Havana 21
Map 17.4a The Spanish American War: The Pacific (left) Map 17.4b The Spanish American War: The Caribbean (right) 22
Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill 23
Becoming a World Power An American Empire In the treaty with Spain ending the war the United States acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam. Guantanamo Bay 24
Crucible of Empire: The Spanish- American War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8g8npqs mxj4 15 mins 26 mins-40mins cause of war 123 TR 25
Map 17.5 American Empire, 1898. 26
School Begins, an 1899 cartoon from Puck 27
XP 6.1a
An Era of Intervention Roosevelt was more active in international diplomacy than most of his predecessors. Panama Canal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vou8aqe5gn0 I Took the Canal Zone Teddy Roosevelt 612 mins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6c66pdgvb4&feature=relmfu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-upcqy32tgg 23mins 29
The Roosevelt Corollary The United States had the right to exercise an international police power in the Western Hemisphere. 30
The World s Constable, a cartoon commenting on Theodore Roosevelt s 31
An Era of Intervention Taft emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention. Dollar Diplomacy 32
Moral Imperialism Wilson promised a new foreign policy that would respect Latin America s independence. 33
Political Life in the Porfiriato No free press or elections The Rurales Political refugees flee to U.S. 34
Mexico 1910 8,245 Haciendas Luis Terrazas Owns 50 haciendas 7 million acres Peon Majority of the people, 30 life expectancy Landless & indebt Tienda de Raya 35
The Downfall of Diaz 1900 Regeneracion, Mexico City 1906 Liberal Plan by Flores Magon Brothers 1908 The Creelman Interview Diaz welcomes opposition 1910 La sucesion presidencial en 1910, Anti-Re-electionist Party Madero issues a call to arms against Diaz 1911 Ciudad Juarez is taken by Pascual Orozco/Villa forces Treaty of Ciudad Juarez- Diaz resigns 36