The Development of Democratic Ideas

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Transcription:

The Development of Democratic Ideas

Magna Carta-1215 1 st document to limit power of English rulers Kings and queens must obey the law too! Major step toward constitutional government Where? - England

Colonial Government 1600s The governor of colony represented King Colonists voted for members of a legislature (assembly)

Virginia House of Burgesses-1619 1 st representative assembly in America Beginning of representative government Where? South

Mayflower Compact - 1620 1 st document to establish self-government, popular sovereignty and rule of law in the colonies Where? New England

New England Town Meetings - 1629 Meeting for townspeople to express themselves openly Helped further direct democracy as selfgovernment in the colonies One vote / one person Where? New England

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- 1639 1st written constitution in the American colonies Began a pattern of the colonists securing guaranteed rights. constitution = a written plan for government Where? New England

Maryland Toleration Act - 1649 1 st document to recognize religious freedom in the colonies model for the 1 st Amendment of the Constitution Where? Southern

Bacon s Rebellion (1676) Governor William Berkeley agreed to keep settlers from taking Native American land. Nathaniel Bacon disagreed strongly and led attacks on colonial government Result: Rebellion against an oppressive government is possible Where? South (Virginia)

English Bill of Rights (1689) List of rights for the English citizens The Monarch (King and/or Queen) couldn t raise taxes or build and army without Parliament approval. Where? England Discuss:Today where can US citizens look to find rights that are given?

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

Enlightenment Thinkers Ideas They argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.

John Locke (England) Viewpoints All humans have natural rights Life Liberty Property In order to have their natural rights protected, humans give up certain freedoms to Government If gov t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can OVERTHROW it!!!

DISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up? Which one of your natural rights is the government protecting?

Baron de Montesquieu (France) Viewpoints Believed too much power in one place is dangerous for others Introduced Separation of Powers between branches of government Ex: England s Government King-enforced laws Parliament-made laws Judges-interpreted laws

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Jean Jacques Rousseau (France) Viewpoints Humans will destroy themselves if they don t give up some freedoms Humans create a social contract with government to protect themselves

Discuss: How are speed limits examples of the social contract?

Voltaire (France & England) Viewpoints Believed in Civil Liberties Trial by Jury of peers Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech

DISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries?

DISCUSS: Voltaire once said: I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your RIGHT to say it. What do you think he meant by that?

Mary Wollstonecraft (England and Viewpoints: Questioned many parts of European society including: the role of women and what is the proper way to rule France)

Wrote a book title A Vindication of the Rights of Women She believed that men and women are equal in their ability to reason. The only difference is the amount of education one receives. If given the same amount both men and women can achieve the same greatness Humanism

Discuss What does she mean by It was only their lack of education that kept women in a state of ignorance and slavish dependence. Why is this important for us to remember today?

Adam Smith (Scotland) Deals with economic issues Says that an economy works best when people are allowed to make their own economic decisions without the involvement of the government laissez faire French for leave alone

Wrote a book titled: A Wealth of Nations Way for nations to become wealthy is to allow free trade He did NOT support mercantilism He argues that it is not the amount of wealth one has (gold and silver) but it is what one can actually buy with the wealth they have. Supports a government free trading system

Discuss Why would Smith support a free open trading system? Why does he not like Mercantilism? Is it still important today to have a free open trading system? Why?

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