VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM IN LATIN AMERICA A GLOBAL CONTEXT: AN OVERVIEW HUDSON INSTITUTE August 24 th 2017 GUSTAVO TARRE
POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM IN VENEZUELA What we failed to achieve with votes, we will do with weapons NICOLAS MADURO, JUNE 27 th, 2017 "Hate as a factor of struggle; the intransigent hatred of the enemy, which pushes beyond the limitations of the human being and makes it an effective, violent, selective and cold killing machine " ERNESTO GUEVARA, APRIL 1967
VENEZUELA: A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE 1811-1824 INDEPENDENCE WAR, 1/3 OF POPULATION DIED 1811-1958 VIOLENCE WAS THE USUAL WAY OF REACHING AND RETAINING POWER 1964: FOR THE FIRST TIME AN ELECTED PRESIDENT ENDED HIS TERM IN OFFICE
VENEZUELA: A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE 1959-1999 : 9 PRESIDENTS IN A ROW WERE ELECTED BY VENEZUELAN PEOPLE NEVERTHELESS: 1959-1970 SEVERAL FAILED MILITARY COUPS THE RADICAL LEFT FOLLOWING THE CUBAN EXAMPLE CHOOSE THE PATH OF ARMED INSURRECTION
VENEZUELA: A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE 1992: CHAVEZ VIOLENT COUP FAILED 1998: HUGO CHAVEZ IS ELECTED PRESIDENT 1999: AUTHORITARIAN DRIFT. STEP BY STEP THE AUTHORITARIAN DOOR OF VIOLENCE OPENS AGAIN
VENEZUELA: A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE END OF CHECK AND BALANCES INTOLERANCE SPLIT OF THE PEOPLE IN TWO SIDES GOOD AND BAD REVOLUTIONARY AND BOURGEOIS PATRIOTS AND TRAITORS
VENEZUELA: A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE 2004 COUP AGAINST CHAVEZ RIGGED ELECTIONS MORE THAN 30 POLITICAL LEADERS DISQUALIFIED FROM HOLDING POLITICAL OFFICES POLITICIANS AND JUDGES IN JAIL LACK OF PRESS FREEDOM HUMAN WRIGHTS VIOLATIONS PARAMILITARY GOVERNMENT SPONSORED BANDS HUGE CORRUPTION EXCESSIVE CUBAN INTERFERANCE
NICOLAS MADURO S TIMES ECONOMIC CRISIS ( WICH STARTED BEFORE CHAVEZ DEATH AND OIL PRICES DROPPED) THE OPPOSITION OBJECTIONS TO THE MADURO S ELECTION BY 1.4% MARGIN WERE NEVER HEARD BY ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES OR COURTS CORRUPTION AND SCARCITY
NICOLAS MADURO S TIMES FEBRUARY 2014: STUDENT AND POPULAR UPRISING MORE THAN 40 DEATHS THE PRACTICE INICIATED BY CHAVEZ, TO EMPTY OF CONTENT THE ELECTORAL VICTORY S OF THE OPPOSITION DID NOT STOP: GOVERNOR AND MAYORSHIP ELECTION CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM 2007 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTION 2015
NICOLAS MADURO S TIMES IN VENEZUELA THERE ARE MORE THAN 450 POLITICAL PRISONERS, AMONG THEM LEOPOLDO LÓPEZ, ANTONIO LEDEZMA, MAYOR OF CARACAS.AND FIVE DAYS AGO, LUISA ORTEGA DÍAZ, THE ATTORNEY GENERAL WENT TO EXILE.
NICOLAS MADURO S TIMES 2016 THE ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES REFUSED TO HOLD A RECALL REFERENDUM AND REGIONAL ELECTIONS WERE POSTPONED 2014-2017 2017 ECONOMIC DISASTER POLITICAL DISARRAY
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NICOLAS MADURO S TIMES APRIL 2017: A JUDGEMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT DEPRIVED THE NATIONAL ASSEMBY OF ALL OF ITS CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS 120 DAYS OF POPULAR UPRAISING STARTED: 129 DEATH 2000 INJURED 5000 ARRESTED 450 PROSECUTED
JULY 16 th 2017: AN INFORMAL REFERENDUM AGAINST MADURO WAS CALLED BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 7,500,000 VENEZUELAN VOTED JULY 30TH 2017 INCONSTITUTIONAL COSTITUENT ASSEMBLY WAS ELECTED. MASSIVE FRAUD: INDEPENDENT TURNOUT ESTIMATION: 3,000,000 VOTERS OFFICIAL RESULTS 8,000,000
TERRORISM 1. AS A WAY OF TAKING POWER: 1960-1970 2. STATE SPONSORED TERRORISM: 2004-2017: a) VIOLENT PARAMILITARY GROUPS ACTING AGAINST PROTESTERS, KILLING AND INJURING PEOPLE AND CONTROLING PART OF THE CITIES AND IRREGULAR BANDS HOLD PARTS OF THE TERRITORY. b) LINKS WITH INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
TERRORISM LINKS WITH INTERNETIONAL TERRORIST GROUPS 1.FARC/ELN/ DRUGG TRAFICKING 2.IRAN (AVOIDANCE OF SANCTIONS) 3.HEZBOLLAH
TERRORISM 1.PROVISION OF SAFE HAVEN AND FACILITIES 2. FALSE DOCUMENTATION: VENEZUELAN PASSPORTS 3. HELP IN FINANTIAL TRANSACTIONS 4. DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION
WHAT COMES NEXT? REGIONAL ELECTIONS- OCTOBER 2017) CIVIL WAR OR A WAR AGAINST CIVILIANS? WEAPONS ROBBERY IN ARMY FACILITIES IS A CAUSE OF CONCERN A CIVIL WAR INVOLVES TWO ARMED SIDES
WHAT COMES NEXT? - MADURO S GOVERNMENT CONTINUES MURDERING IMPRISONING TORTURING PEOPLE BEHIND EVERY DETAINEE, EVERY POLITICAL PRISONER, BEHIND EVERY PERSON TORTURED AND KILLED THERE IS SOMEONE INSTITUTIONALLY RESPONSIBLE IN VENEZUELA LUIS ALMAGRO GENERAL SECRETARY OAS, USA SENATE JULY 19th, 2017. HEARING ON VENEZUELA
WHAT COMES NEXT? MORE VIOLENCE ONE MUST TAKE IN ACCOUNT THE ECONOMIC CRISIS AND GOVERNMENT INHABILITY FOR POLICIES CHANGES 1. OPEN MILITARY DICTACTORSHIP WITH MADURO (Talleyrand: The only thing you cannot do with a bayonet is sit on it ) WITHOUT MADURO 2. INTERNATIONAL PRESSURES, STREET DEMONSTRATIONS AND MILITARY UNREST LEAD TO A TRANSITION GOVERNMENT AND GENERAL ELECTIONS 3. FOREIGN MILITARY INTERVENTION