Democracies at War against Terrorism

Democracies at War against Terrorism

The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy Series Editor, Christophe Jaffrelot This series consists of works emanating from the foremost French researchers from Sciences Po, Paris. Sciences Po was founded in 1872 and is today one of the most prestigious universities for teaching and research in social sciences in France, recognized worldwide. This series focuses on the transformations of the international arena, in a world where the state, though its sovereignty is questioned, reinvents itself. The series explores the effects on international relations and the world economy of regionalization, globalization (not only of trade and finance but also of culture), and transnational flows at large. This evolution in world affairs sustains a variety of networks from the ideological to the criminal or terrorist. Besides the geopolitical transformations of the globalized planet, the new political economy of the world has a decided impact on its destiny as well, and this series hopes to uncover what that is. Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Politics In China: Moving Frontiers edited by Françoise Mengin and Jean-Louis Rocca Tropical Forests, International Jungle: The Underside of Global Ecopolitics by Marie-Claude Smouts, translated by Cynthia Schoch The Political Economy of Emerging Markets: Actors, Institutions and Financial Crises in Latin America by Javier Santiso Cyber China: Reshaping National Identities in the Age of Information edited by Françoise Mengin With Us or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism edited by Denis Lacorne and Tony Judt Vietnam s New Order: International Perspectives on the State and Reform in Vietnam edited by Stéphanie Balme and Mark Sidel Equality and Transparency: A Strategic Perspective on Affirmative Action in American Law by Daniel Sabbagh, translation by Cynthia Schoch and John Atherton Moralizing International Relations: Called to Account by Ariel Colonomos, translated by Chris Turner Norms over Force: The Enigma of European Power by Zaki Laidi, translated from the French by Cynthia Schoch Democracies at War against Terrorism: A Comparative Perspective edited by, translated by John Atherton, Roger Leverdier, Leslie Piquemal, and Cynthia Schoch

Democracies at War against Terrorism A Comparative Perspective Edited by Translated by John Atherton, Roger Leverdier, Leslie Piquemal, and Cynthia Schoch

DEMOCRACIES AT WAR AGAINST TERRORISM Copyright, 2008. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-60456-8 All rights reserved. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the US a division of St. Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-60307-7 ISBN 978-0-230-61472-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230614727 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Democracies at war against terrorism : a comparative perspective / edited by ; translated by John Atherton... [et al.]. p. cm. (Sciences Po series in international relations and political economy) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Terrorism Prevention Moral and ethical aspects Case studies. 2. Counterinsurgency Moral and ethical aspects Case studies. 3. Asymmetric warfare Moral and ethical aspects Case studies. 4. Humanitarian law Case studies. I. Cohen, Samy. HV6431.D455 2008 1729.42 dc22 2008004027 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: September 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Transferred to Digital Printing in 2009.

CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Dilemmas in the War against Terrorism 1 One Two Part 1 The Historical and the Legal Perspectives Democracies and the Ethics of War: The Record of the Past 15 François Cochet The International Laws of War and the Fight against Terrorism 41 Emmanuel Decaux Three The French State Faced with the Algerian Nationalists (1954 1962): A War against Terrorism? 59 Raphaëlle Branche Four Five Agents and Ambushes: Britain s Dirty War in Northern Ireland 77 Martyn Frampton Part 2 The Struggle of Democracies against Terrorism Democracy and Norms of War: Locating Moral Responsibility for Atrocity in Iraq 103 Neta C. Crawford Six The British Way of Warfare and the Global War on Terror 129 Alastair Finlan

vi Contents Seven Between Humanitarian Logic and Operational Effectiveness: How the Israeli Army Faced the Second Intifada 147 Eight Nine Ten The Armed Forces, Power, and Society: 18 Years of Counterinsurgency in Indian Kashmir 173 Frédéric Grare The Army of the Fifth Republic and the Ethics of War in Contemporary Conflicts 191 Bastien Irondelle Part 3 Nondemocratic Regimes and the Fight against Terrorism Russia s War in Chechnya: The Discourse of Counterterrorism and the Legitimation of Violence 211 Anne Le Huérou and Amandine Regamey Eleven Algeria: Is an Authoritarian Regime More Effective in Combating Terrorist Movements? 233 Luis Martinez Conclusion 251 Notes on Contributors 257 Index 263

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This volume is the outcome of a workshop on The Ethics of War and Fight against Terrorism: Democracies Put to the Test that took place at CERI (Centre d Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Sciences Po Paris), on October 2006, with the support of the quarterly journal Critique Internationale. This workshop brought together scholars from the United States, Great Britain, and France, allowing for a real comparative work on this issue. The editor is grateful to Christophe Jaffrelot, Director of the journal and of CERI, for his help. He is very pleased that this volume takes its place among the other books of Sciences Po series at Palgrave Macmillan. Many thanks to Toby Wahl, senior editor at Palgrave for the trust he put in us by accepting to publish this book. The editor extends his warm thanks to John Atherton, Roger Leverdier, Leslie Piquemal, and Cynthia Schoch for having translated these chapters in time, and finally to Miriam Perier for her patient and careful editing of the entire manuscript.