Progressive Politics Teddy Roosevelt, Taft & Wilson s Idealism PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT President Roosevelt How did TR become President?! McKinley assassinated... TR becomes President! TR = Hands on President What did he want to do?! Wanted to fight against Class distinctions! No republic can permanently exist when it becomes a republic of classes 1
How was TR s approach to strikes different than other Presidents? Labor Unions! 1902: 150,000 coal miners went on strike! Conservatives wanted to send in Army! TR, Union & Company settled dispute in Arbitration! Two sides meet with 3rd party who settles the dispute! Union got shorter work day & higher pay... Company did not have to recognize or bargain with the Union! Compromise was called a square deal Square Deal! Became TR s 1904 campaign slogan! [I will] see to it that every man has a square deal, no less and no more. What was square deal?! Wanted to balance the interests of business, consumer & labor! Limiting the power of TRUSTS, promoting public health & safety, improving working conditions! TR won the 1904 election easily 1904 Election 2
Summary! Describe Teddy Roosevelt s Square Deal policies: REGULATING BUSINESS Trustbusting! TR sued & broke up 44 bad trusts (anti-consumer monopoly)! Including Northern Securities Company = monopoly over RR shipping (run by J.P. Morgan) What! We draw the line against misconduct, not against wealth - was TR trustbus ting?! Interstate Commerce Commission = MAJOR regulatory agency! ICC heavily regulated RR industry! Stopped RR companies from giving big shippers kickbacks & over-charging small shippers 3
Food & Drug Companies! Food, drug & meat industries were selling dangerous products What poisons were companies putting in products?! Added chemicals to make spoiled food appear fresh! Formaldehyde added to old eggs to take away odor (what is formaldehyde??)! Drug companies sold medicine containing cocaine, morphine and other POISONS Consumer Protections! Women led pure ingredients movement! 1906 UPTON SINCLAIR wrote THE JUNGLE! Took place in Back of the Yards District, Chicago How did! The Covers: poverty, lack of social programs, harsh living & working conditions, working class hopelessness & corruption Jungle impact! TR ordered investigation of meatpacking industry Consumer Protections?! Meat Inspection Act: Required federal gov t inspection of meat shipped across state lines! Pure Food & Drug Act: Cannot make, sell, transportation food or medicine with harmful ingredients. Required goods to have ingredient labels. Standing Up To Big Business 4
Teddy The Muckraker Through Treacherous Waters WHOTS - The Jungle! There were the wool-pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle-men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their bare hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off... Some worked at the stamping-machines, and it was very seldom that one could work long there at the pace that was set, and not give out and forget himself, and have part of his hand chopped off... Worst of any, however, were... those who served in the cooking-rooms... Their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats... sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham s Pure Leaf Lard!! What were the conditions like in the meatpacking plant? Do you believe The Jungle helped the Progressive Movement? Why? 5
Summary! How did TR regulate Big Businesses?! How did The Jungle impact society/ politics? CONSERVATION Protecting the Environment! In the past, we have admitted the right of the individual to injure the future of the Republic for his own profit... The time has come for a change. - TR! In 1900: 46 million acres were set aside for national reserves How did TR! protect the TR set aside 150 million acres for national reserves environment?! Gifford Pinchot & TR created conservation movement! Set up National Parks Service to protect national reserves! [conservation] was only a means to an end and that end was economic justice. - Gifford Pinchot 6
Summary! How did TR protect the environment? TAFT S PRESIDENCY What 2 follies did Taft commit? Taft s Folly! Very similar to TR! Elected in 1908! Continued MAJOR gov t regulation of business! Raised tariffs on imported goods to protect US business (Progressives HATED this... began Republican split)! 16th Amendment (1909): Graduated income tax! Ballinger-Pinchot Affair: Pinchot tried to stop Alaskan forrest from being sold & privatized. Taft fired him (Progressives & TR were outraged at Taft for turning on TR s policies) 7
Republican Split & 1910 Elections Why did TR create New Nationalism & The Progressive Party? How did TR impact the 1912 election?! TR s New Nationalism = laws to protect workers, ensure public health & regulate business! Created the Progressive Party aka Bull Moose Party 1912 Election! (R) William Taft vs. (BM) Teddy Roosevelt vs. (D) Woodrow Wilson! Wilson won Presidency! TR won 6 states! Taft won 2 states 1912 Election 8
Election of 1912 Summary! How did Taft s Follies impact the Republican Party & the 1912 election? WILSON S NEW FREEDOM 9
Tariffs & Business How did Wilson s New Freedoms help: women, unions, children, farmers?! Lowered tariffs = more global trade. (Progressives like this!!)! Federal Trade Commission (1914): Investigated corporations & shut down Monopolies & bad trusts Wilson & Workers! Federal Farm Loan Act (1916):! Low interest loans to farmers! Set up 12 federal farm-loan banks to distribute $ $ to needy farmers! Adamson Act (1916):! Reduced RR workers day from 10 to 8 hours, managers CAN T reduce wages & allowed workers to create Unions! Act helped to avoid a RR workers strike in 1916 Wilson & Workers! Every day little children came into Union Headquarters, some with their hands off, some with the thumb missing, some with their fingers off at the knuckle. They were stooped little things, round shouldered and skinny. Many were not over 10 years of age. - Mary Harris Jones, The Autobiography of Mother Jones! Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916):! Outlawed the interstate sale of products made by child labor! Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional... can t limit interstate trade & law DIDN T ban child labor 10
Women s Suffrage! We have women working in the foundries and laundries... stand for 13 or 14 hours in the terrible steam and heat with their hands in hot starch. Surely these women won t lose anymore of their beauty and charm by putting a ballot in a ballot box once a year. - Rose Schneiderman, Senators vs. Working Women! National American Women Suffrage Association led by Carrie Chapman Catt! State-by-state approach... tried to get local & state gov ts to allow women to vote! National Women s Party led by Alice Paul! Picketed the White House, hunger strikes in prisons, massive public marches, sit-ins! 19th Amendment (1920): Granted women full voting rights Women s Suffrage! Who supported movement?! Could women vote in the US before Women s Suffrage? Where?! Which area resisted Women s Suffrage?! Was their tension in the Suffrage movement? What kind?! Was the 19th Amendment revolutionary? Summary! How did Wilson s New Freedoms change society?! Did Wilson s New Freedoms continue TR s Square Deal legacy? 11
Women s Suffrage Tariffs HOMEWORK Big Business Wilson s Administratio n Farm & Labor Child Labor Labor Unions Draw graph & fill bubbles with Wilson s Policies that impacted each group 12