Review: fill these in to help you prepare for the first three quizzes. Thursday s quiz: Warren G. Harding promised a return to after the upsets of 1919 and 1920 that included a, or an economic slump. Then there was his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal in which gov't land was leased to companies by his friends in the, called that because of their state of origin. He gets replaced by Calvin,, Coolidge During this time there was also American, or noninvolvement in the affairs of other countries. It might seem strange that this non-involvement included an emphasis on reducing arms and weapons of war, also known as, through the Washington Naval Agreement (giving short shrift to ) and the Pact or Treaty (which outlawed war) and nonentry into the, even though it was Wilson s 14 th Point. This isolation also included involvement in Latin American nations like and. Foreign policy also involved a strong fear of, the economic system in which all goods are shared by the community (a seeming opposite to the American economic system called ). This economic system, though it seemed closer to socialism, became the economic system in under leader. This worried the US and caused the, in which thousands of suspected anarchists and socialists are rounded up. This led to laws like the 1924 National Origins Act.
TWO: One of the many changes that took place during the 1920s was the banning of alcohol. The was ratified and this created the time period known as in which a rising disregard for the law changed life. This included people drinking in illegal bars called, in which alcohol smuggled by was consumed by men and women challenging old traditions. The federal government employed agents known as to try to stop this rising crime. This disregard for law meant that eventually the amendment was repealed. The amendment that undid the 18 th was the Another change that took place was a change for African Americans. Between 1915 and 1925 hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved north in the. Advocates worked for equality through the NAACP and worked to increase racial pride by forming the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Changes also took place for women, whose work lives and daily lives changed dramatically, impacting roughly half of the population. In addition, the gave women the right to vote. Another sign of the changing times came after developed the automated assembly line which allowed cars to be made cheaply and affordably. Millions of people were now buying cars, the most famous of which was Ford s, which came in any color as long as it was black. This increase in driving led to the development of communities outside of cities called. Still other changes developed, including the widespread use of the radio and the increased popularity of film. The first film to have people actually talk, called, set the stage for future talkies. All these changes led to conflicts, one of which took place during the
Monkey Trial, in which a schoolteacher was tried and convicted for teaching Darwin s theory of evolution. Presidents,, and saw dramatic change during the 1920s. Tuesday s quiz (4/18): The conflict between traditional and modern is seen clearly in the arts and culture of the Twenties. Authors, poets, musicians and others strove to depart from traditional styles and create new and unique works of art by exploring original themes and forms. This is seen in the music of, nicknamed Satchmo, in his cornet playing and the poetry of, in poems like Mother to Son. Both of these men were part of the Harlem Renaissance, a rebirth of African American culture that raised awareness of the depth of black American culture. It is also seen in the writings of playwrights and authors like Eugene O Neill, Ernest and F. Scott,who explored new styles that revolutionized American culture. Hemingway s famous works include The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man and the Sea and A Farewell to Arms. Fitzgerald s most famous work is The Great Gatsby, which portrays the frivolity of the era and, perhaps, the rebellion. That rebellion is also captured by women, who became, smoking drinking and wearing new and different clothes. All these changes might have led to a longing for heroes, and America found its heroes among athletes and others who went up against the odds to be victorious. Putting behind them the Black Sox scandal and Shoeless Joe Jackson, America embraced the big hitting of the Sultan of Swat,. Looking for people that braved new frontiers,
America found its best girl in. Perhaps the ultimate hero in all of this was, who flew 33 ½ hours from Long Island to Paris in the first successful transatlantic flight. Outline to study for 35 question multiple-choice quiz (either Wednesday or Thursday the week after break): Politics: - 18 th Amendment bans manufacture, sale and transportation of alcohol o Prohibition time period from 1920-1933 in which alcohol was banned o Government agents (g-men) were hired to try to prevent drinking o unintended consequences included a rising disregard for the law, people drinking in speakeasies, also rise in organized crime, rise in smuggling (bootleggers are people that smuggle alcohol illegally) o repealed by 21 st Amendment - 19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote. After it was passed, people tried for an Equal Rights Amendment, that was NEVER passed. - Harding promises a return to normalcy in order to win 1920 election. Things like a sharp economic slump, known as a recession, helped him gain office. - international relations could be characterized as isolationist, but that not really true o continued involvement in Latin America (occupations of Haiti, DR, Nicaragua) o non-involvement in League of Nations (Woodrow Wilson s 14 th point, Wilson leaves presidency in 1921) o work towards disarmament with Naval Agreement (Japan) and Kellogg-Briand - honorable Harding, corrupt Ohio Gang, most notorious scandal is Teapot Dome - Harding dies, Silent Cal Coolidge takes over, continues conservative approach to business ( the business of America is business - 1928 election Hoover vs. Smith o Republican Hoover, wins small towns, business, conservative voters o Democrat Smith, wins cities, modern thinkers, anti-prohibitionists
Economy: - communism, an economic system in which all wealth is shared by the community - capitalism, an economic system in which there is private ownership - bull market leads to increased stock buying, in this market prices rise quickly and buying is frequent - mass production due to Ford automating the assembly line to produce Model-T - Automobile production impacts infrastructure, suburbs, and other industries - Buying with money that you don t have is called purchasing on credit. Two ways: o On margin (10% of stock price is put down) o Installments (purchase in installments, put a little down and pay over time) Cultural Trends: - original themes and forms and new styles revolutionized American culture. Seen in artists like Louis Armstrong (jazz), F. Scott Fitzgerald (Great Gatsby), Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises), Eugene O Neil, Langston Hughes ( Mother to Son ) - conflict between modern and traditional shown in literature and Scopes Monkey trial - expatriate community in Paris, an expatriate is one that leaves their home country to live elsewhere - Harlem Renaissance is a rebirth of African American culture that gains black artists recognition for their achievements - Lives of black Americans change due to Great Migration and rebirth of pride with encouragement from Marcus Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association - Women s lives change dramatically because they have new technology for housework and new employment opportunities because of changing attitudes - Athletes like Ruth makes baseball a hitter s game, Ederle makes history by swimming Channel, Shoeless Joe Jackson threw (cheated in) the World Series in the Black Sox scandal
- Lindbergh makes history by flying across Atlantic to Paris (first transatlantic flight) - Flappers are the trend-setting women of the time, they bobbed their hair, smoked, drank, scandalized their elders - Americans are unified by radio and film, including the first moving picture with spoken word, The Jazz Singer Conflicts: - Fear of anarchists (people who do not believe in organized government),communists and socialists; as well as acts of sabotage (deliberate destruction of property) leads to Red Scare. People believe that the wave of strikes in 1919 is the start of a communist uprising. These fears also combine to lead to anti-immigrant laws, and restrictions on Eastern and Southern Europeans - Race riots of 1919 showed the rising fear of African Americans - Spanish Flu was an influenza epidemic that killed over twenty million people worldwide, over half a million in US - Scopes trial also shows conflict between modern and traditional. John Scopes, a biology teacher, broke a law that forbade the teaching of evolution - Fear of changes rise of Nativists (foreigners out) and KKK leads to immigration restriction