Table of Contents SUBAREA I. COMPETENCY 1.0 HISTORICAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS UNDERSTAND IMPORTANT HISTORICAL TERMS, CONCEPTS, AND PERSPECTIVES. Skill 1.1 Skill 1.2 Skill 1.3 Skill 1.4 Skill 1.5 Demonstrate knowledge of basic historical terms and concepts...1 Place historical events in chronological order and recognize major historical developments that took place at the same time in different parts of the world...2 Recognize the multiple sources of major historical events and analyze cause-and-effect relationships among important events from an era...24 Recognize specialized fields of historical study and demonstrate knowledge of ways in which historians use concepts and theories from other disciplines...25 Analyze historical events from a variety of conceptual perspectives...26 COMPETENCY 2.0 UNDERSTAND SOCIAL SCIENCE SKILLS TO LOCATE, ANALYZE, AND SYNTHESIZE INFORMATION RELATED TO HISTORICAL TOPICS. Skill 2.1 Skill 2.2 Skill 2.3 Recognize the characteristics and uses of various social science reference resources and types of historical evidence...27 Distinguish between primary and secondary sources and demonstrate knowledge of the advantages and limitations of each...29 Demonstrate knowledge of research skills and procedures used in the social sciences...30 Skill 2.4 Evaluate historical information...31 Skill 2.5 Interpret graphic presentations of historical information...33 Skill 2.6 Evaluate the appropriateness of alternative graphic formats for conveying historical information...36
SUBAREA II. WORLD HISTORY TO 1600 COMPETENCY 3.0 UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS, STRUCTURES, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTERACTIONS OF ANCIENT SOCIETIES. Skill 3.1 Skill 3.2 Skill 3.3 Skill 3.4 Skill 3.5 Skill 3.6 Skill 3.7 Skill 3.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the religious, cultural, economic, and political development of Mesopotamian societies...37 Recognize the relationship between religion and political authority in ancient Egypt and the development of a long-enduring, monumental state system...39 Identify early trading networks and writing systems among eastern Mediterranean societies and explain the development and importance of writing...40 Demonstrate knowledge of the development of Indian civilization, explaining the effects of Buddhism and Hinduism on India, and examining the subsequent diffusion of Buddhism...40 Demonstrate knowledge of the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin dynasties, analyze the contributions of Confucianism to Chinese culture, and examine its diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea...40 Analyze and compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire and analyze factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire...42 Identify the ideas and effects of important individuals in classical Greek society, examining the diffusion of Greek culture, and analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture...44 Demonstrate knowledge of polytheism in the ancient world, the development of monotheism in ancient Hebrew and Persian civilizations, and the origins and diffusion of Christianity in Roman society...45
COMPETENCY 4.0 UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS, IMPORTANT FEATURES, SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS, AND NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS OF AFRICAN, ASIAN, AND LATIN AMERICAN SOCIETIES FROM ANCIENT TIMES THROUGH THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. Skill 4.1 Skill 4.2 Skill 4.3 Skill 4.4 Skill 4.5 Skill 4.6 Skill 4.7 Demonstrate knowledge of the emergence of the Mongol Empire, identify basic features of Mongol society, and analyze the significance of Mongol expansion across Asia...47 Examine the importance of the Silk Road in the movement of goods and the diffusion of ideas among Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe...48 Identify migration patterns of Bantu-speaking peoples and analyze the significance of those migrations...49 Demonstrate knowledge of the development and decline of major Sudanic kingdoms...49 Demonstrate knowledge of the operation of major African trading networks and analyze the process of religious syncretism by which traditional African beliefs blended with new ideas from Islam and Christianity...52 Compare early cultures of the Americas and analyze the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires...53 Recognize the geographical extent of the Ottoman Empire during the rule of Süleyman the Magnificent, the Safavid Empire during the reign of Shah Abbas I, and the Mughal Empire during the reigns of Babur and Akbar, and analyze the influence of these empires on legal, religious, and artistic developments across Southwest Asia...55
COMPETENCY 5.0 UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, THE ORIGINS AND EXPANSION OF ISLAM, CHARACTERISTICS OF EUROPEAN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY, AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RENAISSANCE AND THE REFORMATION. Skill 5.1 Skill 5.2 Skill 5.3 Skill 5.4 Skill 5.5 Skill 5.6 Skill 5.7 Skill 5.8 Analyze the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire, examine the establishment of Christianity in Byzantium, recognize the role of Orthodox Christianity in Byzantine society, and demonstrate knowledge of the causes and consequences of the Western Schism...56 Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center and examine the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia...57 Demonstrate knowledge of the origins and expansion of the Islamic Empire, the effects of Muslim trade with Asia, Africa, and Europe, and the contributions of Islamic scholars...57 Demonstrate knowledge of the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims; analyze the relationships among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; and analyze the effects of the Crusades on both the Islamic world and Europe...60 Recognize basic features of the manorial system and feudalism in medieval Europe, analyze the role and political effects of Christianity in European medieval society, demonstrate knowledge of how increasing trade led to the growth of towns and cities in late medieval Europe, and examine the crisis of the fourteenth century that precipitated the end of the European Middle Ages...62 Recognize the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and shaped the ideas of Machiavelli, recognize the main characteristics of Renaissance humanism, and identify the artistic and scientific achievements of major Renaissance figures...64 Identify major figures of the Protestant Reformation, analyze the effects of the Reformation on Europe, comparing the Reformation on the Continent and the English Reformation, and demonstrate knowledge of major features of the Counter-Reformation...66 Recognize the importance of Gutenberg's printing press to the spread of ideas in Europe...67
SUBAREA III. COMPETENCY 6.0 WORLD HISTORY 1500 TO THE PRESENT UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE AGE OF DISCOVERY AND EXPANSION, THE EFFECTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT, AND MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS AND REBELLIONS. Skill 6.1 Skill 6.2 Skill 6.3 Skill 6.4 Skill 6.5 Skill 6.6 Skill 6.7 Skill 6.8 Identify the roles of major explorers and conquistadors and recognize how improved technology contributed to world exploration...68 Demonstrate knowledge of the Columbian Exchange, analyze its global economic and cultural effects, and demonstrate knowledge of the causes, extent, and consequences of the trans-atlantic slave trade...69 Recognize the scientific contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton and examine how these ideas changed the European worldview...70 Identify major Enlightenment ideas from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau; analyze their relationship to European politics and society; and demonstrate knowledge of the spread of Enlightenment ideas...71 Demonstrate knowledge of the policies of Japan's Tokugawa rulers and China's Qing rulers, analyze the effects of population growth on the two societies between the seventeenth century and midnineteenth century, and examine Chinese and Japanese interaction with westerners during this period...74 Demonstrate knowledge of absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu...75 Identify the causes and analyze the results of revolutions in England (1640 1689), the United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America (1808 1825), and the emergence of constitutional government...76 Demonstrate knowledge of Napoleon's rise to power and defeat and analyze the consequences of these developments for Europe...79
COMPETENCY 7.0 UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, THE RISE OF NATIONALISM, MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPERIALISM, THE CAUSES AND GLOBAL EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR I, MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD, AND THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR II. Skill 7.1 Skill 7.2 Skill 7.3 Skill 7.4 Skill 7.5 Skill 7.6 Skill 7.7 Skill 7.8 Analyze the process and effects of British, German, and Japanese industrializations...82 Compare and contrast the rise of the nation-state in Germany under Otto von Bismarck and in Japan under Emperor Meiji, and analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat-sen, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and Mohandas Gandhi...84 Examine British, French, and Japanese imperialism in Africa and Asia and analyze the reactions of indigenous populations to foreign domination...86 Demonstrate knowledge of the causes of World War I; conditions on the war front for soldiers; major decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference; the political and economic destabilization of Europe resulting from the collapse of the great empires; and the effects of World War I on science, art, and social thinking...87 Analyze the causes and results of the Russian Revolution through Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, examining the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia, and recognize how the totalitarian governments of Russia, Germany, and Italy differed from traditional authoritarian governments...88 Recognize major features of Nazi ideology, demonstrate knowledge of political control and resistance in Nazi Germany, and examine how Nazi beliefs and policies led to the Holocaust...90 Demonstrate knowledge of the aggression and conflict leading to World War II in Europe and Asia, Allied and Axis strategy, and the major battles of the war and their outcomes...91 Examine major military and diplomatic negotiations during World War II and demonstrate knowledge of Allied policies for the postwar period...95
COMPETENCY 8.0 UNDERSTAND DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA AND ASIA, THE ORIGINS AND COURSE OF THE COLD WAR, MAJOR WORLD DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THE 1960S, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD. Skill 8.1 Skill 8.2 Analyze revolutionary movements in India, China, and Ghana and describe the formation of the state of Israel...97 Demonstrate knowledge of the formation of the state of Israel and analyze the impact of that development on the Middle East...98 Skill 8.3 Examine major developments in the arms race...99 Skill 8.4 Analyze efforts in the pursuit of freedom...100 Skill 8.5 Skill 8.6 Skill 8.7 Identify causes of ethnic conflicts and analyze the rise of new nationalisms...103 Compare and contrast the reforms of Soviet leaders from Khrushchev to Gorbachev, demonstrate knowledge of events leading to the end of the Cold War, and analyze the geopolitical consequences of the breakup of the Soviet Union...105 Analyze terrorism as a form of warfare in the twentieth century and recognize the effects of terrorism on the modern world...106 Skill 8.8 Examine the rise of women as major world leaders...107 Skill 8.9 Analyze the cultural and intellectual integration of countries in the world economy through the development of television, satellites, and computers and recognize global economic and political connections...109 SUBAREA IV. US HISTORY TO 1914 COMPETENCY 9.0 UNDERSTAND EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA; THE CAUSES, MAJOR EVENTS, AND OUTCOMES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION; AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE US CONSTITUTION. Skill 9.1 Demonstrate knowledge of Native American cultures prior to European contact and analyze the effects of European settlement on Native Americans and on Europeans...112
Skill 9.2 Skill 9.3 Skill 9.4 Skill 9.5 Skill 9.6 Skill 9.7 Skill 9.8 Skill 9.9 Demonstrate knowledge of Virginia's development, the settlement of New England, and the development of the mid-atlantic colonies...114 Examine the reasons for French settlement of Quebec and compare the differences between French, Spanish, and British colonial societies in North America...116 Demonstrate knowledge of the development of mercantilism and the trans-atlantic trade...118 Analyze Anglo-French imperial competition in North America, identify important features of the French-Indian War, and evaluate the impact of the war on the British colonies...118 Demonstrate knowledge of the Middle Passage and the institution of slavery in North America, recognize contributions of African Americans to colonial society, and analyze the emergence of distinct African American societies...123 Demonstrate knowledge of the origins and significance of the Great Awakening and recognize the diversity of religious experience in the English colonies...125 Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, major events and developments, and key figures of the American Revolution...126 Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, demonstrate knowledge of key features of the Constitution and major arguments of the Federalists and Anti- Federalists during the debate on ratification, and recognize the role of the Bill of Rights as a protector of individual and state rights...131 COMPETENCY 10.0 UNDERSTAND THE GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1789 THROUGH THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY. Skill 10.1 Skill 10.2 Recognize important features of the presidencies of George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson...133 Demonstrate knowledge of the importance of the Northwest Ordinances, identify major territorial acquisitions, and analyze the causes and effects of westward expansion...134
Skill 10.3 Skill 10.4 Skill 10.5 Skill 10.6 Skill 10.7 Skill 10.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the causes of the War of 1812 and analyze the significance of the war on the development of national identity...136 Recognize the origins of the Monroe Doctrine and its significance for the United States and for other nations of the hemisphere...138 Demonstrate knowledge of Jacksonian Democracy, suffrage expansion, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of nationalism in the United States...139 Demonstrate knowledge of the concept of Manifest Destiny and the causes and consequences of the Mexican War...141 Demonstrate knowledge of the rise of New York City, the development of the nation's infrastructure, and the effects of industrialization on the economy and society of the new nation...143 Demonstrate knowledge of the major reform movements of the first half of the nineteenth century, identify key reform figures, and analyze the effects of the reform movements on US society...144 COMPETENCY 11.0 UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS, EVENTS, AND EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION AND THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES THROUGH THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Skill 11.1 Skill 11.2 Skill 11.3 Skill 11.4 Skill 11.5 Analyze the emergence of states' rights ideology and the development of sectionalism, the emergence of slavery as a national issue, the economic differences between the North and the South, and efforts to resolve North-South divisions...148 Identify important events leading to the Civil War and examine Abraham Lincoln's efforts to preserve the Union...150 Recognize major events and key figures of the Civil War and analyze the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation...153 Analyze major challenges, events, and outcomes of the Reconstruction period...156 Recognize key issues in the growth of big business, identify important business people and inventors and analyze the effects of major technological innovations on US industry and society...159
Skill 11.6 Skill 11.7 Skill 11.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the causes and effects of immigration during the period 1870 1910, analyze anti-immigrant movements and legislation, recognize major events and individuals associated with the rise of organized labor, and examine the development of the West and its effects on Native American populations...161 Identify the causes and major events of the Spanish-American War, recognize key issues in the debate over American expansionism, and analyze US involvement in Latin America at the turn of the century...164 Analyze major efforts to reform US society and politics during the Progressive Era and recognize the roles of important figures in the Progressive movement...166 SUBAREA V. COMPETENCY 12.0 US HISTORY 1914 TO THE PRESENT UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS, EVENTS, AND EFFECTS OF US INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WARS I AND II, AND MAJOR POLITICAL, CULTURAL, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1914 AND 1945. Skill 12.1 Skill 12.2 Skill 12.3 Skill 12.4 Skill 12.5 Skill 12.6 Skill 12.7 Analyze the origins, domestic effects, and diplomatic consequences of US involvement in World War I...168 Demonstrate knowledge of the movements leading to the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing women's suffrage...171 Demonstrate knowledge of major political, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s...172 Analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression...176 Recognize important social, economic, and political developments of the 1930s...178 Demonstrate knowledge of the New Deal response to the Great Depression and analyze challenges to Franklin Roosevelt's domestic and international leadership...180 Analyze the origins of World War II, identify major wartime military and diplomatic events and developments, and examine the domestic effects of total war...183
Skill 12.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the effort to develop the atomic bomb and analyze the scientific, economic, military, and human implications of the Manhattan Project...187 COMPETENCY 13.0 UNDERSTAND POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 1945 AND 1968. Skill 13.1 Skill 13.2 Skill 13.3 Skill 13.4 Skill 13.5 Skill 13.6 Skill 13.7 Analyze the causes of the Cold War, demonstrate knowledge of major Cold War political initiatives and conflicts, and examine the domestic effects of the Cold War on US politics and society...188 Examine the social, economic, and cultural effects of the postwar economic boom...192 Recognize and analyze the changes in US society brought about by innovations in technology and transportation...193 Identify important figures and organizations in the civil rights movement, demonstrate knowledge of major events and accomplishments, and analyze the consequences of the civil rights movement...194 Recognize the effects on US society of major political developments during the 1960s...198 Analyze the significance of the Warren court in the areas of racial justice, individual rights, and criminal procedure...199 Demonstrate knowledge of major social change movements of the 1960s and analyze the causes and consequences of the political and social upheavals of the period...199 COMPETENCY 14.0 UNDERSTAND POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1968. Skill 14.1 Skill 14.2 Demonstrate knowledge of the Watergate affair and the effects of Watergate on U.S politics and culture...202 Recognize major foreign policy issues and developments affecting the United States since 1968, and analyze the effects of these developments on the United States and its place in the global community...202
Skill 14.3 Skill 14.4 Skill 14.5 Skill 14.6 Skill 14.7 Skill 14.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the accomplishments and challenges of the presidencies of Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton...203 Analyze the effects of Supreme Court decisions and major legislation on ideas about civil liberties and civil rights...206 Recognize changing patterns of immigration to the United States and analyze the effects of immigration on US society...207 Evaluate the growing influence of technology in US society and analyze the effects of technology on the US economy...208 Examine the 2000 presidential election and the role of the Electoral College and the Supreme Court in determining the outcome of the election...209 Analyze the response of the United States to the attacks of September 11, 2001, and demonstrate knowledge of the war against terrorism and US interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq...211 SUBAREA VI. COMPETENCY 15.0 GEORGIA HISTORY UNDERSTAND MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN GEORGIA'S HISTORY AND GEORGIA'S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES TO 1877. Skill 15.1 Skill 15.2 Skill 15.3 Skill 15.4 Demonstrate knowledge of Native American cultures of the Southeast and analyze the effects of European exploration and settlement on Native American groups in Georgia...212 Recognize major events of the colonial period of Georgia's history, including the purpose for initial settlement, the Trustee Period, and the development of Georgia as a royal colony...213 Analyze Georgia's role in the American Revolution, the strengths and weaknesses of the Georgia Constitution of 1777, and Georgia's role in the framing and adoption of the US Constitution...214 Demonstrate knowledge of major social, religious, economic, and political developments in Georgia between 1789 and 1840 and analyze their effects on the development of Georgia society...215
Skill 15.5 Demonstrate knowledge of the decision for secession and Georgia's role in the Civil War and examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia...216 COMPETENCY 16.0 UNDERSTAND MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN GEORGIA'S HISTORY AND GEORGIA'S ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1877 TO THE PRESENT. Skill 16.1 Skill 16.2 Skill 16.3 Skill 16.4 Skill 16.5 Demonstrate knowledge of important political, economic, and social changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918...218 Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of World Wars I and II in Georgia and recognize major economic and political developments of the interwar period...219 Analyze major political and economic developments in Georgia since World War II...220 Examine the role of Georgia and prominent Georgians in the civil rights movement...221 Recognize the effects of new immigrant communities on Georgia's society...222 Bibliography...223 Sample Essay Question...225 Sample Test...226 Answer Key...251 Rigor Table...252 Rationales for Sample Questions 253