AP UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS TEXT QUESTIONS

Name: Date: Period: AP UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS TEXT QUESTIONS 1. Civil liberties are legal and constitutional protections against A. private enterprise B. criminals C. government D. tyranny E. foreign invasions 2. The is the final interpreter of the content and scope of Americans civil liberties. A. SCOTUS B. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) C. Constitution D. Congress E. POTUS 3. The freedoms of speech, press, religion, and assembly are contained in the A. Fourth Amendment B. First Amendment C. Third Amendment D. First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments E. Second Amendment 4. The language of the First Amendment, Congress shall make no law, suggests that A. the Bill of Rights was written to restrict the powers of the national government B. the Bill of Rights was written to restrict the powers of the state government C. the Bill of Rights, as written, did not apply to state governments D. A and C E. A and B 5. In the case of, the SCOTUS ruled that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not states and cities. A. Engel v. Vitale B. New York v. United States C. Barron v. Baltimore D. Miranda v. Arizona E. Gitlow v. New York 6. Beginning with the case of in 1925, the SCOTUS began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied directly to the states, as well as the national government. A. Barron v. Baltimore B. United States v. Bill of Rights C. Miranda v. Arizona D. Engel v. Vitale E. Gitlow v. New York 7. The legal concept through which the SCOTUS has nationalized the Bill of Rights is called the A. incorporation doctrine B. implied powers doctrine C. enumerated powers doctrine D. due process doctrine E. disincorporation doctrine 8. The establishment of a national or official religion is prohibited by the A. establishment clause B. due process clause C. freedom of religion D. free exercise clause E. Second Amendment 9. In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the SCOTUS established that aid to church-related schools must do all of the following EXCEPT A. inhibit religion B. not create excessive government entanglement with religion C. have a secular purpose D. treat all religions equally E. not advance religion 10. In dealing with First Amendment cases involving religion, the SCOTUS has ruled that A. while all religious beliefs are constitutionally protected, all religious practices are not B. government must not interfere with any expression of religious faith C. such questions should be resolved at the state and local levels of government D. the Constitution does not protect antireligious beliefs and practices E. none of the above 11. The Amendment forbids forced selfincrimination, stating that no person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. A. Fifth B. Fourth C. Twenty-sixth D. First E. Ninth

12. Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, in violation of the Fourth Amendment, is known as A. bounty hunting B. cruel and unusual punishment C. a violation of privacy D. an Ariel search E. unreasonable search and seizure 13. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) is significant in that it A. marks the SCOTUS ruling that the death penalty is constitutional, even though it is an extreme sanction for the most extreme of crimes B. settled once and for all debate over whether the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment C. was the first time the Court found a state s death penalty practices (in this case, the state of Georgia) to be freakish and random. D. A and C E. B and C 14. In Hamdam v. Rumsfeld (2006) the SCOTUS ruled that A. terrorists are not entitled to protection by the Bill of Rights B. the president has inherent power to fight the war on terror as he sees fit; therefore, the POTUS can establish judicial procedures on his own C. the Geneva Convention does not apply because the enemy combatants are not soldiers in a recognized army D. the procedures for trying prisoners at Guantanamo Bay were insufficient for ensuring a fair trial E. all of the above 15. The principle that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth was established in A. the Anti-Defamation Act of 1952 B. Hustler Magazine v. Falwell C. Texas v. Johnson D. New York Times v. Sullivan E. Osborne v. Ohio 17. In the case Miranda v. Arizona, the SCOTUS ruled that A. police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent B. the police must show probable cause before making an arrest C. illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in trial D. the death penalty could be imposed for the most extreme of crimes E. defendants in all felony cases have a right to counsel, even if the state has to provide such legal assistance. 18. Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the A. self-incrimination B. exclusionary clause C. Sixth Amendment D. Fifth Amendment E. Eighth Amendment 19. The SCOTUS case of Gideon v. Wainwright A. prohibited government officials from issuing gag orders to the media B. ruled that illegally seized evidence cannot be used in court C. set guidelines for police questioning of suspects D. gave only those accused of capital crimes the right to counsel E. extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony 20. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The SCOTUS has prohibited prayer and recitation of Bible verses in public schools when done as a part of classroom exercises. B. The SCOTUS has prohibited the posting of the Ten Commandments on the walls of public classrooms. C. The SCOTUS has declared that it is unconstitutional to pray in public schools. D. All of the above E. A and B 16. A shield law A. prevents the courts from closing criminal trials to the press B. gives reporters the right to withhold information from the courts C. gives judges the right to issue a gag order D. protects certain religious practices not covered by SCOTUS rulings E. prevents reporters from disclosing secret government information

21. In Roth v. United States, the SCOTUS held that A. the film Carnal Knowledge, which had critical acclaim but a sexual theme and explicit scenes, could not be banned B. the government cannot prohibit discrimination against women priests by churches because it would violate the free exercise of religion C. obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech D. the possession of child pornography was not covered by any right to free speech or press, and could be made a crime E. outdoor drive-ins could not be barred from showing a film that included nudity 22. In the case of, the SCOTUS ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule. A. Gideon v. Wainwright B. Roth v. United States C. Mapp v. Ohio D. United States v. New York E. Miranda v. Arizona 23. Miller v. California (1973) A. resulted in uniform state laws regulating obscenity B. prohibited hanging as a cruel and unusual punishment C. abolished pornographic material only when it involved children D. achieved a workable definition of legal obscenity E. stated that local communities should have more responsibility over deciding what constitutes obscenity 24. The SCOTUS ruled that freedom of religious practice was more important than the right of the government to interfere in deciding in favor of A. the Louisiana law requiring schools that taught Darwinian theory to teach the Bible s version of creation as well B. Christian Scientists religious opposition to scientific medical treatment for themselves or their children C. the right of Amish parents in Wisconsin to take their children out of public school after the eighth grade D. the right of an orthodox Jewish Air Force captain to wear his yarmulke despite the strict military dress code E. a Mormon who justified polygamy on religious grounds 25. In the Engel v. Vitale (1962), the SCOTUS ruled that was (were) unconstitutional. A. segregation B. the Connecticut statute barring the distribution of birth control information C. police search or seizure without an authorized warrant D. prior restraint E. prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools 26. The significance of Zurcher v. Stanford Daily (1978) is that the Court A. held that a reporter s right to protect sources outweighed the right of a fair trial B. held that a search warrant could be applied to a newspaper, as with anyone else, without violating the First Amendment C. overturned a reporter s right to a fair trial D. upheld a restriction on the press in the interest of a free trial E. restricted freedom of the press in forcing the Stanford Daily to reveal sources 27. In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the SCOTUS A. ruled that various portions of the Bill of Rights cast penumbras protecting a right to privacy, including a right to family planning B. overturned a Connecticut state law banning the use of contraceptives C. held that abortion was a woman s legal right D. A and B E. B and C 28. In its Near v. Minnesota (1931) decision, the SCOTUS ruled that A. a school newspaper was not a public forum and could be regulated in any reasonable manner by school officials B. states had the power to use prior restraint broadly, but the national government did not C. the state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper D. a CIA agent could not publish a personal memoir without clearing it through the agency E. states were prohibited from publishing newspapers because that amounted to government censorship of the press and constituted the establishment of a government monopoly

29. In Roe v. Wade the SCOTUS ruled that in the third trimester of pregnancy A. states cannot ban abortion unless the mother s life is in danger B. states can ban abortion except when the mother s health is in danger C. states cannot ban abortion D. the federal government, but not the states, is prohibited from funding abortions for poor women E. states are prohibited from funding the abortions of poor women 30. In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the SCOTUS ruled that abortion A. was a fundamental right, and any restrictions on such a right had to be judged by a strict scrutiny B. must be funded by state governments when the mother cannot afford it, or it would be a violation of the equal protection clause C. funding by any level of government was unconstitutional D. could be completely outlawed by individual states E. restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve undue burdens on the women seeking abortions 31. In Sternberg v. Carhart (2007), the SCOTUS A. overturned Roe v. Wade B. overturned a 2003 law banning partial birth abortion because it does not make an exception to preserve the mother s health C. upheld a 2003 law banning partial birth abortion despite the fact that it does not make an exception to preserve the mother s health D. ruled that partial birth abortion should never be permitted under any circumstances E. A and C 32. The 1984 Equal Access Act A. makes it unlawful for public high schools receiving federal funding to keep students from using school facilities for religious worship if the school opens its facilities for other student meetings B. allows prayer in schools C. makes it unlawful for public high schools receiving federal funding to permit students to use school facilities for religious worship D. prohibits prayer in schools E. both B and C 33. Which of the following is provided by the USA Patriot Act? A. allowed agents to monitor political or religious groups without connection to a criminal investigation B. powers to examine a terror suspect s records held by doctors, libraries, and universities C. eased restrictions on domestic spying in counterterrorism operations D. all of the above E. none of the above 34. What are the three levels of scrutiny used by the SCOTUS to discover whether discrimination is permissible? A. negligent, arguably discriminatory, and reasonable B. reasonable, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard C. suspect, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard D. reasonable, inherently suspect, and grossly discriminatory E. arguably discriminatory, reasonable analysis, and negligent 35. Equal protection of the laws A. is guaranteed in the original Constitution B. provides a rigid standard for constitutional interpretation C. means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of different groups D. does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable E. means that states have to make their laws promote equality among persons 36. State laws that restrict the right to vote to people over the age of 18 are an example of A. a reasonable classification under the SCOTUS standards of classification B. a permissible basis for discrimination under the SCOTUS standards of classification C. an arbitrary classification under the SCOTUS standards of classification D. an inherently suspect classification under the SCOTUS standards of classification E. A and B

37. Today the equal protection clause is interpreted broadly enough to do all of the following EXCEPT A. permit sexual harassment B. forbid racial segregation in the public schools C. reapportion state legislatures D. prohibit job discrimination E. none of the above 38. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, A. the principle of separate but equal was overturned B. school busing was allowed to remedy racial segregation C. United States citizenship and all rights that go with it are granted to former slaves D. housing discrimination was forbidden E. the principle of separate but equal was used to justify segregation 39. Jim Crow laws were those that A. established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade B. sought to end segregation and bring the races closer contact with one another C. the North enforced in the South during Reconstruction, granting rights to former slaves D. justified slavery and set codes for slaves behavior E. were enacted by Southern whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from Whites 40. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the SCOTUS A. enunciated the principle of equal but separate B. ordered the Topeka school district to spend more money on Black books C. ruled that the visible signs of education were substantially equal between Black schools and White schools D. ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal E. enunciated the principle of separate but equal 42. De facto educational segregation occurs A. when segregated classrooms occur within an integrated school B. by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated C. by forced school busing to integrate the races D. by forced school busing to separate the races E. by law 43. After Brown v. Board of Education (1954), school integration in the South A. was completed within three years B. never changed C. proceeded very slowly D. ended abruptly E. was unaffected by the decision 44. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 A. made racial discrimination illegal in the places of public accommodation B. forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, or gender C. prohibited gender discrimination in the work place D. A and B E. neither A nor B 45. The agency created by the 1964 Civil Rights Act and charged with monitoring and enforcing protections against job discrimination is the A. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission B. Voting Rights Commission C. National Bar Association D. Federal Trade Commission E. Federal Communications Commission 41. De jure educational segregation occurs A. by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated B. from day-to-day depending on changing enrollments at a particular school C. by constitutional amendment D. by forced school busing to integrate the races E. by law

46. In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the SCOTUS A. ruled just prior to World War II that Japanese Americans living the United States had to repatriated (sent back) to Japan B. upheld the constitutionality of the United States atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki C. upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II D. ruled that restrictions on Japanese ownership of land in the United States were unconstitutional E. ruled that the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II was barbaric and unconstitutional 47. Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 A. requires gender parity in public school enrollments B. allows gender discrimination in education if it can be demonstrated to be an educational necessity C. requires public school institutions to demonstrate equal average scores among male and female students on standardized tests D. forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs, including athletics E. prohibits single-sex education institutions and schools 49. The grandfather clause was passed by Oklahoma and other southern states to A. exclude Blacks from having the right to vote in primary elections, though they could vote in general elections B. guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens in employment C. deny land to anyone whose grandfathers were not White D. distribute land to former slaves on the basis of how many generations they had served on a particular plantation E. deny African Americans the right to vote 50. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 A. added handicapped people to the list of Americans protected from discrimination B. entitles all children to a free public education appropriate to their needs C. prohibits employment discrimination against the disabled D. increased the amount of financial aid to disabled people E. guaranteed free, lifetime medical care and physical therapy for Vietnam War veterans 48. Comparable worth refers to the issues of A. equal voting rights and access to public office for women B. government subsidization of women who choose to work at home C. reduced work responsibilities for female workers and children D. paying men and women equivalent salaries for jobs requiring similar skills E. the inherent dignity and equality of women with men