AP UNIT REVIEW TERMS: 2013-14 UNIT No.1 - Foundations of Government Political Power Legitimacy Authoritarianism Totalitarianism Oligarchy Aristotle Plato Direct democracy Majoritarian democracy Pluralist model of democracy Initiative Referendum Recall Representative democracy Republic Political Elites Public policy Machiavelli UNIT No.2 - The Constitution Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence Shay s Rebellion Philadelphia Convention James Madison
Faction (Madison s definition) Federalist No.10 Federalist No.45 Federalist No.51 Montesquieu Rule of Law tyranny of the majority John Locke natural rights limited government Articles of Confederation Virginia plan New Jersey plan Great Compromise three-fifths compromise separation of powers checks and balances federalism Federalists Anti-federalists Federalist Papers bill of rights habeas corpus bill of attainder
ex post facto laws elastic clause supremacy clause war powers act (73) UNIT No.3 - Federalism federalism confederal unitary Federal Republic delegated powers expressed powers enumerated powers implied powers reserved powers reserved powers clause denied powers concurrent powers Virginia and Kentucky resolutions nullification theory elastic clause New Deal supremacy clause commerce clause dual federalism... layer cake cooperative federalism... marble cake
grants in aid block grants categorical grants revenue sharing conditions of aid unfunded mandates intergovernmental lobby Republican Revolution (1994) devolution Second order Devolution UNIT No.4 - Civil Liberties & Civil Rights civil liberties civil rights competing rights establishment & free exercise clause freedom of religion policy entrepreneur freedom of expression seditious speech imminent lawless action defamatory speech fighting words obscenity pure speech
prior restraint libel and slander clear and present danger symbolic speech th th due process clause (5 & esp. 14 amendments) incorporation separation of church and state search and seizure probable cause inevitable discovery selective incorporation reasonable suspicion exclusionary rule good faith exception suspect classification Jim Crow Laws separate but equal doctrine NAACP dejure segregation defacto segregation nonviolent civil disobedience affirmative action reverse discrimination right of privacy Civil Rights Act (1964)
UNIT No.5 - Political Culture, Public Opinion Political Culture Alexis De Toqueville equality of opportunity equality of outcome economic individualism culture wars relativism American dilemma political efficacy orthodox progressives conservative /right liberal/ left moderates libertarians populists political ideology political spectrum Christian Coalition Political socialization political elites gender gap family gap
religion gap exit polls UNIT No.6 - Participation, Parties, & Elections Motor-voter bill literacy tests grandfather clause poll tax white primaries Voting Rights Act (1965) Australian ballot VAP VEP political parties split-ticket voting party platform realignment dealignment New Deal coalition two-party system winner-take-all / first past the post proportional system multiparty system third / minor parties Ross Perot Ralph Nader
Bull Moose Party primary elections open primary closed primary caucuses front-loading realignment dealignment conservative coalition compassionate conservatism Contract with America solid south UNIT No.7 - Congress Bicameral Legislature constituents congressional term / session oversight apportionment reapportionment census congressional districts marginal districts/safe districts Incumbents gerrymandering malapportionment majority-minority districts
Speaker of the House majority/minority leader whips party-line vote pork-barrel legislation / earmarks millionaire s club privileged speech Franking privilege Junkets Tuesday to Thursday club freshman filibuster cloture / Rule 22 unanimous consent Rules Committee caucuses Standing committees Select committee Joint committees subcommittees joint resolution simple resolution concurrent resolution omnibus bills markup session
calendars riders double track system gridlock 94 republican revolution omnibus bill power of the purse federal budget budget deficit / surplus national debt discretionary spending mandatory spending UNIT No.8 - The Presidency divided government unified government gridlock nd 22 amendment th 25 amendment presidential term Presidential Succession Act inherent powers bully pulpit Presidential directives executive orders executive agreements recognition pardons
pyramid circular ad hoc rule of propinquity EOP White House Office OMB NSC veto pocket veto line-item veto impoundment executive privilege War Powers Act Watergate Iran-Contra impeachment neoconservatives electoral college electors slate of electors winner-take-all 270 faithless electors UNIT No.9 The Bureaucracy bureaucracy
government by proxy patronage / spoils system discretionary authority civil service / competitive service excepted service OPM Pendelton Act 1883 merit system Whistle Blower Protection Act iron triangle issue networks appropriations committee committee clearance authorization legislation legislative veto FOIA laissez faire EPA Clean Air/Clean Water Act Superfund UNIT No. 10 The Supreme Court judicial review Federalist #78 John Marshal Roger B. Tanney
Earl Warren Warren Burger Robert Bork Clarence Thomas William Rehnquist John Roberts Dred Scott decision th 14 amendment constitutional courts appellate jurisdiction original jurisdiction senatorial courtesy litmus test dual sovereignty doctrine writ of certiorari Rule of four informa pauperis amicus curiae stare decisis sovereign immunity class action suits standing briefs / opinions (4 types) loose construction strict construction original intent/originalism
living document judicial activism judicial restraint UNIT No.11 - Interest Groups & The Media Interest Groups factions Institutional Lobby intergovernmental lobby Public Interest Lobby / Mass Membership Think Tanks PAC s parallel campaigns 1978 Ethics in Government Act NRA ACLU NAACP AARP NOW National Right to Life NARAL Revolving Door Media Elite FCC Horse Race Gate Keeper Score Keeper
WatchDog UNIT No. 12 Elections & Campaign Finance Elections Presidential Election Cycle Mid-term Election Cycle Primary Elections (season) Super Tuesday frontloading General Election (season) Candidate Centered Campaign Coattail Effect Incumbency Campaign Finance Soft Money Hard Money Federal Election Campaign Act (1971) FECA 1974 Amendments Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act (2002) / McCain-Feingold independent expenditures / issue ads 527 groups
501c groups PACs Super PAC s Buckley v. Veleo (1976) McConnell v FEC (2003) Citizens United v. FEC (2010) Unit No. 13 Economic Policy (Use Fast Track Ch.16 or Wilson Ch. 18) federal budget national debt Federal Reserve monetary policy fiscal policy entitlements federal reserve deficit spending supply side economics / Reaganomics
Keynesian theory
SUPREME COURT CASES (chronological order) Marbury v. Madison (1803) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Plessey v. Ferguson (1896) Schenck v. US (1919) Gitlow v. New York (1925) Palko v. Connecticut (1937) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Brown v. Board II (1956) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Engel v. Vitale (1962) Baker v. Carr (1962) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) Lemon vs. Kurtzman (1971) Furman v. Georgia (1972) Miller v. California (1973) New York Times v. U.S. (1973) U.S. v. Nixon (1973) Roe v. Wade (1973)
Buckley v. Veleo (1976) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) Texas v. Johnson (1989) Employment Division v. Smith (1990) Miller v. Johnson (1995) U.S. v. Lopez (1995) Clinton v. City of New York (1997) Bush v. Gore (2001) McConnell v. FEC (2003) Citizens United v. FEC (2010) National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)