Population Pressures Analyzing Global Population, Migration Patterns and Trends
100 People: A World Portrait If the World were 100 PEOPLE: 50 would be female 50 would be male 26 would be children There would be 74 adults, 8 of whom would be 65 and older There would be: 60 Asians 15 Africans 14 people from the Americas 11 Europeans 2
33 Christians 22 Muslims 14 Hindus 7 Buddhists 12 people who practice other religions 12 people who would not be aligned with a religion 12 would speak Chinese 5 would speak Spanish 5 would speak English 3 would speak Arabic 3 would speak Hindi 3 would speak Bengali 3 would speak Portuguese 2 would speak Russian 2 would speak Japanese 62 would speak other languages 3
83 would be able to read and write; 17 would not 7 would have a college degree 22 would own or share a computer 77 people would have a place to shelter them from the wind and the rain, but 23 would not 1 would be dying of starvation 15 would be undernourished 21 would be overweight 87 would have access to safe drinking water 13 people would have no clean, safe water to drink 4
100 People: A World Portrait What does this portrait tell us about: a) Global demographic patterns? b) Social development? c) Economic development?
Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity: If everyone in the world lived like the average Canadian, we would need 4.5 planet earths!
Carrying Capacity and Technology CC is not a fixed number Varies from 2.2 billion to 40 billion. Why? Vastly different levels of resource consumption Depends on stage of society. More advanced stage means larger Carrying Capacity STAGE 1: Hunting and Gathering STAGE 2: Agricultural Revolution STAGE 3: Industrial Revolution
Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering Food supply was not reliable, so population did not increase at a steady rate When game or edible plants were abundant, survival rates were higher If food was scarce, survival rates were lower and populations decreased 9
Stage 2: Agricultural Revolution Development of farming > allowed for a food surplus When more food could be obtained from each square kilometre of land, the land s carrying capacity grew 10
Stage 3: Industrial Revolution Agriculture + production of manufactured goods became quite advanced (mostly western Europe) Invention of machines powered by steam Lead to the inventions of coal, and oil Greatly increased the earth s carrying capacity 11
Key Terms Revisited Demography: the study of human populations Birth Rate: is the number of births per 1000 people in a country Birth Rate = (Births Population) x 1000 Death Rate: is the number of deaths per 1000 people in a country Death Rate = (Deaths Population) x 1000
Key Terms Revisited Infant Mortality Rate: is the number of children who die in their first year of life for every 1000 live births in a country Infant Mortality Rate = (Infant death Total Live Births) x 1000 Natural Increase Rate: the rate at which a population increases or decreases per year based ONLY on the death rate and birth rate does not account for immigration Natural Increase Rate = (Births Deaths) Total Population x 100 13
Population Growth Rate Population Growth Rate: rate at which a population increases or decreases in a given year through natural increase and net migration Population Growth Rate = Natural increase rate + Net Migration Rate Canada s Population Growth Rate is 1.1%, India s is 1.3%, Japan s -0.1%
Immigration/Emigration: What s the difference? Immigration is entering a foreign country Emigration is leaving one country for another
Net Migration Net Migration is the difference between the number of immigrants coming in and emigrants leaving an area in a period of time Displayed as people per 1,000 inhabitants A positive value represents more people entering the country than leaving it, while a negative value mean more people leaving than entering it 16
Population Migration What makes people Migrate? 1) Push Factors: Cause people to leave the places they live. Push factors may include: low wages, shortages of food, overcrowded living conditions, political persecution, high crime rates, wartime conditions, lack of economic opportunity, depletion of forests or water 17
Population Migration 2) Pull Factors: Attract people to new places. Pull factors may include: high wages, good educational opportunities, havens from political or religious persecution, high standards of living, or plentiful resources such as fresh water, forests, wildlife, and agricultural land 18
Voluntary Migration The movement of people, by their own free will, from one place to another For example, between 1800 and 1914, approximately 70 million people left Europe to migrate to Canada, the United States, Australia, and other countries 19
Involuntary Migration The movement of people, against their will, to a different location For example: Between the years 1500 to 1810, between 11-15 million people were forcibly taken out of Africa to be sold as slaves in the Americas 20
The Slave Trade 21
Legal vs. Illegal Migration Legal Migration: Migration that occurs within recognized government programs Illegal Migration: The movement of people into a country without following its immigration laws and procedures Ex. US-Mexican Border illegal crossings Estimated 12 million illegal migrants in the United States 22
Problems of Illegal Migration Majority of US citizens want to stop illegal immigration and want undocumented aliens sent home Problem: US economy relies on these people to provide cheap labour 23
` Brainstorm in groups of 2-3 Create a list of ways to help prevent illegal immigration 24