28th September 2016 Issue 44 Issue 44 of the series reviews, analyses and threat assesses the fragile and conflict affected coastal states Libya, Somalia and Yemen. The Mediterranean migrant crisis, incidents affecting maritime security and influencing maritime news are also reported and analysed, focusing on the keys theatres of maritime instability. Making the maritime environment a safer place to live The Maritime Intelligence Report Series focuses on: Areas of instability which could affect the passage or port call of your vessel; Changes or impediments to navigation/restrictions of; and Charts and analysis detailing piracy, suspicious approaches and hijackings. MAST has a global reach and presence, delivering first hand, accurate and exclusive intelligence. MAST is entrenched and committed in continuing to support and promote the awareness of the very real risks that seafarers and stakeholders face. This Intelligence Report Series is a brief snapshot of MAST s Intelligence capabilities. MAST Intelligence specialises in providing clients with a suite of products, including; detailed port and vessel security briefs, vessel passage plans, threat and risk mitigation, travel risk management. Working closely in conjunction with a host of experts, MAST Intelligence offers a market leading service pertaining to all maritime affairs. Follow MAST on LinkedIn and Twitter to keep abreast with these insightful weekly reports and more including real time security updates. Editor: David Rider www.mast-security.com Contents: Indian Ocean region Somalia Yemen Yemen Ports Mediterranean Libya Gulf of Guinea South East Asia Central & South America Mast Services Page 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MAST UK +44 (0)1279 216 726 operations@mast-security.com MAST Singapore +65 8302 7561 ben.stewart@mast-security.com 24/7 Emergency Telephone: +44(0) 117 916 6012 1
Indian Ocean Region According to reports seen by MAST in the last 24 hours, a legal change from Malta could have huge implications for Floating Armouries and the wider maritime security industry. Sources suggest that Malta is poised to alter new End User Certificates (EUC) with the line: Weapons/ammunition cannot be loaded on any floating armoury. In effect, this could mean that many floating armouries and PMSCs are no longer compliant with the terms of their EUCs. There are strong indications that Djibouti may follow suit, which could have significant ramifications not only for PMSCs operating in the Indian Ocean High Risk Area (HRA) but also for the shipping companies who rely on them. MAST will be following developments with interest. 1. Crew onboard a berthed crude oil tanker noticed a robber stealing ship s properties and raised the alarm at 0350 LT in position Jetty No 10, Beira, Mozambique. Seeing the alerted crew, the robbers escaped. Reported (IMB) 6th Sept. Somali pirates plead guilty in India 119 Somali pirates arrested in four operations by the Coast Guard and Navy off Lakshadweep in 2011-12, have pleaded guilty to offences against them. The trial began in 2012 and 70 witnesses have been deposed. Around 50 of the pirates could face the death penalty. Somalia/Kenya maritime boundary dispute Somalia has asked the International Court of Justice to determine the precise geological co-ordinates of the maritime boundary in the Indian Ocean between itself and Kenya. Valuable mineral deposits are at stake in the region. While the merchant marine waits to hear results from the Focussed Operation Taegeukgi intelligence gathering and piracy disruption operation, which ended on the 23rd, reports remain at a low level. The presence of the Focus operation and SANDF in the Mozambique Channel do suggest, however, that coalition forces are preparing for the possible launch of Pirate Action Groups as sea states improve. MAST continues to recommend heightened watches and security routines whilst transiting the Indian Ocean High Risk Area (HRA). Recent incidents of illegal fishing off the Somali coast are a concern. The action by Saudi coalition forces to secure overwatch sites on the Yemen coast will go some way to ensuring safe passage through the Bab el-mandeb Strait, although we continue to recommend vigilance. Convoy Escort Programme September s military convoys are provided by Japan, Korea, China, India and Russia. To view speeds and timetables, please visit mschoa.org For further information, please contact: Japan MSDF: info-piracy@mlit.go.jp Korean Navy: bluegun21@navy.mil.kr Chinese Navy: planavy@navy.mil.cn Indian Navy: dgcommcentre-dgs@nic.in Russian Navy: isps@msecurity.ru Hijack Kidnap Approach/Attack Suspicious Activity Theft 1. 1st December 2015 HRA limits 2
Somalia Making the maritime environment a safer place to live In a surprising move, on Sept. 24th, Somalia s Foreign Minister, Abdisalam Omer, told the UN General Assembly that due to successful operations conducted by Somalia military and AMISOM, we have militarily defeated the evil that is Al Shabaab. According to Omer, the terrorist group now controls under 10 per cent of the country and has returned to asymmetric warfare tactics as a result. The forthcoming elections will prove to be the greatest test of this claim, with security increased around the country. Further election delay Media reports from Somalia on Sept. 26th suggest the forthcoming election has been postponed again following a dispute on how to select future members of parliament and security issues. No new date had been set at the time of writing. Al Shabaab threatens Somalia elders over coming polls On Sept. 21st, the extremist group has threatened the 135 elders who will elect 275 members of parliament this month, with an iron hand. The threat was made by a spokesman in an audio message. Somali Police kill 8 militants On Sept. 25th, Somali Police engaged Al Shabaab terrorists in the Idale province of Bai. Eight militants were killed and a number of weapons recovered in the operation. Al Shabaab Al Shabaab militants attacked a Kenyan police station in Garissa County, Kenya. Their spokesman claimed six officers were killed and two kidnapped. Militants detonated a car bomb in Mogadishu on Sept. 21st. One person was killed and another wounded. Puntland has sentenced 54 AS fighters captured in March 2016. Around half of the fighters were aged between 10 and 15 years of age and will be placed in deradicalisation programmes. The others (ages ranging from 15-20) will serve 10-15 year jail terms. At least 7 AS fighters and 3 Somali soldiers died during fighting at an AS base in Lidale district on Sept. 25th. Control of Somali territory (27th September 2016) Source: Wikimedia Commons Under control of Al Shabaab and allies Under control of neutral forces Under the control of Government and allies Somaliland Government Analysis The ongoing attacks by Al Shabaab close to the capital underlines their ability to operate across the country with little challenge. Somali intelligence sources fully expect Al Shabaab fighters to infiltrate Mogadishu as the election nears, and have begun operations to root out militants, with arrests and vehicle-borne IED seizures. Unfortunately, it is highly likely that terror attacks will continue in an attempt to destabilize the election process, particularly in the capital where the PR value of attacks is higher. The Somali National Army and AMISOM continue to struggle to maintain security over Mogadishu. Mogadishu Port continues to be operational. After earlier warnings in March that an attack on Somali ports is likely, the Somali National Intelligence and Security Agency stated that it has implemented further security measures in Somali ports to protect business continuity. To date this seems to have worked, although the AS push into the coastal town of Merca is a cause for concern. The Rand report suggests that while gains have been made by AMISOM and the SNA, further action is needed to ensure the situation is not reversed. Tensions between Puntland and Somaliland continue, with checkpoint closures and regular press attacks by each region on the other. The potential further delay to the country s election could be seen as a PR victory for Al Shabaab, given their recent losses on the ground. However, maintaining security during the process is paramount to Somalia. 3
Yemen On Sept. 26th, Yemen s Foreign Minister Abdel-Malek al-mekhlafi asserted that President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi had met with U.S. and U.N. officials this week and had agreed in principle to a 72-hour ceasefire. In an interview with Reuters conducted in New York, al-mekhlafi said: He (Hadi) asked that the ceasefire be taken advantage of by lifting the unjust siege of Taiz and for food to enter simultaneously. The foreign minister said Yemen plans to complain to the U.N. Security Council over what it says are Iran s weapon transfers to Houthi allies. 17 dead as Yemen loyalists battle rebels for heights Heavy fighting between Yemeni government forces and Shiite rebels for control of the heights overlooking the strategic Bab al-mandab strait has killed 17 combatants, the loyalist commander said Wednesday 21st. Yemen: 26 killed by coalition air strike in Hodeidah At least 26 civilians have been killed and 60 wounded in an Arab coalition air strike on Sept. 21st that hit the rebel-held port city of Hodeidah in western Yemen, according to medics and residents, and the alliance said it was looking into the report. Militant activity Saudi-led coalition airstrikes targeted al Houthi-Saleh positions in Ibb city, Ibb governorate on Sept. 24th. Hadi forces encircled al Houthi positions in Sirwah district, western Ma rib governorate on Sept. 22nd. These attacks are part of shaping operations for an impending offensive on Sana a. Suspected Houthi militants detained an American citizen in Sana a. 12 gunmen abducted Peter Willems, the director of the English-language Exceed Language Center in Sana a, from the school on Sept. 20th. Hadi and allied forces repelled an al Houthi-Saleh attack in al Tabba al Hamra, Kirsh district, northern Lahij governorate, on Sept. 22nd. AQAP Yemeni forces killed a suspected local al Qaeda chief on Sept. 26th in a clash at his house in the southern province of Abyan. A Yemeni soldier also died and another was wounded after troops stormed the residence of an alleged insurgent identified as Abdullah Hubaibat. Militants detonated an improvised explosive device (IED) outside of a hospital in al Sheikh Uthman district, Aden city on September 26. AQAP militants attacked a security checkpoint in Zinjibar city, southern Abyan governorate on Sept. 23rd. U.S. airstrike targeted al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) militants in Jaww al Nasim district, eastern Ma rib city on Sept. 23rd. The strike killed Abu Khaled al Sanaani, a regional commander, along with three other AQAP militants A reported U.S. airstrike targeted al Qaeda militants near al Sawr area in al Sawma district, al Bayda governorate on September 22nd. MAST s standing advice remains that all vessels conduct robust risk and passage assessments prior to arrival in Yemen waters. Increased watch routines and security should be maintained due to the ongoing potential for militant and pirate activity in this region. The ongoing presence of AQAP in Yemen remains an issue. While al Mukalla port has been liberated, AQAP elements continue to conduct terror operations at a local level. The recent boat-borne attack on the port raises further questions about local security and the protection of merchant ships in the region. Houthi Pro Hadi Government Forces Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) Control of Yemen territory (26th September 2016) Source: Wikimedia Commons 4
Yemen Ports Nothing significant to report. Making the maritime environment a safer place to live UN Verification and Inspection Mechanism for Yemen (UNVIM) The UN s Secretary-General has decided to institute a UNVIM for the facilitation of commercial imports to Yemen, at the request of the Government of the Republic of Yemen and in line with Security Council resolution 2216 (2015). UNVIM is operational with immediate effect. Shipping companies or vessel owners shipping commercial goods or services to any port not under the direct control of the Government of Yemen (Salif, Mokha, Hudaydah and associated oil terminals) need to apply for permits upon departure of the port of origin of their cargo. For further details click here. UN arms embargo imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 2216 of 2015 is in place. Port Aden: The port of Aden is under the protection of the Republic of Yemen security forces. Curfew in effect for Aden, 2000-0600 daily. Merchant vessels wishing to enter Yemeni ports must first apply for a permit through the Yemeni Ministry of Transportation; contact: yemen.transport@gmail.com for more information. Final clearance to enter Yemeni ports (with permits in place) is authenticated by the coalition guard ship. Aden is the only port in Yemen currently able to facilitate container vessels. The container terminal has recently increased it s capacity. WFP note that eight vessels were discharging at berth with 5 waiting at anchorage. Port Salif: Capacity 2 berths. Operating at capacity. Vessels experiencing severe delays due to minimal port equipment. 10 vessels awaiting at anchorage (WFP, June 29th). Port Hudaydah: Capacity 8 berths. As of World Food Programme reports at the end of June, eight vessels were discharging at berth, 25 awaiting at anchor. Only 1 of 5 shore based cranes in partial operation, container vessels highly recommended to have their own internal cranes. RSNF is utilizing a holding area 60 NM west of the port of Hudaydah for all vessels attempting entry into Salif or Hudaydah. Inbound vessels should plan on holding within this area prior to receiving clearance from port control warships. Port Mokha: Status - Open and fully operational (North of England P&I, July 18th). Port Al Mukalla: Capacity 2 berths. Al Mukalla port was liberated on the 23/24 April by the Saudi-led coalition and southern resistance. Port officials have advised that port operations resumed on the 26th April. Port of Ash Shihr: Status - Open and full operational (North of England P&I, July 22nd). Port of Balhaf: Status - Closed: LNG terminal remains closed. Port of Ras Isa: Status - Closed. Safer oil terminal remains closed, Safer Company (SEPOC) does not allow vessels to berth at Safer Marine Terminal if they do not have an agreement signed by them according to the protocol between buyer and Yemeni government. MCCC Notice: Following open source reporting of increased military activity in and around the Yemeni port city of Mukalla and the maritime security incident on the 24th April, where an MV was fired upon, please be advised that the security situation in the vicinity of the port has changed. Vessels using the port or operating nearby are advised to take additional security measures and proceed with caution. Coalition warships are patrolling in the area and should be hailed on VHF Channel 16 by any vessel witnessing or subject to threatening behaviour. 5
Mediterranean Making the maritime environment a safer place to live Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-sisi has ordered authorities on Saturday to punish those responsible for the capsizing of a ship which resulted in the deaths of more than 160 migrants, as families demanded the bodies of their loved ones. Rescue workers and fishermen rescued 169 people after the boat sank off Egypt s Mediterranean coast early on Wednesday 21st with up to 600 on board, suggesting many more may have perished than the death toll of 162 given by security officials. Mediterranean Migrant Arrivals Reach 300,450; Deaths at Sea: 3,501 IOM reports that 300,450 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea in 2016 through 21 September, arriving mostly in Greece and Italy. Some 166,050 people have arrived in Greece and 130,567 in Italy during 2016. 170 bodies recovered so far in Egypt migrant boat disaster On Sept. 26th an unnamed Egyptian Health Ministry official said a total of 170 bodies had been pulled from the waters, 5 days after a boat carrying hundreds of migrants capsized in the Mediterranean while attempting to head to Europe. The death toll is expected to rise as many bodies are believed to be trapped inside the boat s refrigerator, the official told AP. Hungary PM suggests giant migrant city in Libya The EU should set up a giant refugee city on the Libyan coast to process African asylum seekers before they reach Europe, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said on Sept. 24th. While radical, this plan is what a number of observers believe will ultimately happen in the long term as migrants continue to flow into the beleaguered country. Children on migrant boats working as slaves to pay for passage Migrant smugglers in Egypt are forcing children into contracts that mean that the children owe the smugglers a percentage of the money they make once they have arrived in Europe. Ibrahim, one of the 163 survivors of the shipwreck, told reporters that if he had made it to Europe he would have been in debt. My ticket was 1,700 in total, I was told to pay 900 up front and the rest from my earnings when I go there. Migrant crossings 2014-2016. Source: UNHRC The current migrant smuggling situation MAST has been in contact with Robert Pelton of Migrant Report who has recently been in Libya, covering both migrants and the situation in Sirte. He informs us that despite media suggestions, putting an accurate figure on the number of migrants heading to and in Libya is a difficult task since many are using the desert route. Sabratha currently remains the main focal point for migrant gangs, but there is increasing pressure on them from fuel smugglers the main maritime activity in the country. The fuel smugglers do not appreciate the attention they re receiving due to human trafficking. Rival gangs continue to hijack migrants, charge them even more money and then launch overloaded boats. Sirte, meanwhile, is still seeing isolated pockets of resistance from a handful of Daesh fighters, although clearance of IEDs remains a priority. Pelton tells us that the majority of Tunisians who were fighting for the militants have either been killed or have fled to Bani Waled, to the NW of Sirte. Map depicting major migrant routes in the Mediterranean (27th September 2016). Source: UNHRC 6
Libya Diplomats from the U.S. and U.K. met with Libyan militia officials in recent weeks to help restart oil exports from the country, militia and Western officials said. The meetings with a convalescing militia leader in Istanbul and his rivals in Tunis are part of a drive to help Libya s government fight Islamic State by reviving Libya s oil industry. This follows a successful export of oil to Italy from Ras Lanuf which is hoped will be the beginning of an increase in exports, although OPEC remains concerned that it will undermine its efforts to control the current crude oil glut, forcing prices down. al Qaeda suspected of abducting three Westerners in Libya Two Italians and a Canadian who were abducted on Sept. 19th may have fallen into the hands of al Qaeda, Libyan and Algerian security sources reported. Libyan oil port takeover gives edge to eastern commander Less than a fortnight after forces loyal to Khalifa Haftar swept into four of Libya s oil ports, tankers are loading, production has jumped, and momentum has shifted firmly in the divisive former general s favour. How Haftar and his allies will use control of the country s major oil exports remains to be seen. Islamic State deploys female snipers in desperate bid to hold Libya s Sirte The Islamic State (IS) in Libya is employing women as snipers in a surprising move by the group, which normally urges female followers to marry its fighters and establish families in self-proclaimed caliphate territories, rather than engage in active combat according to media reports on Sept. 26th. Analysis With General Haftar s forces now in control of the oil crescent of terminals, the GNA and NOC have had to do some swift negotiating in order to ensure supplies still flow. Despite taking control of the terminals, Haftar has left the NOC management in place. With oil now flowing and tankers leaving the terminals, OPEC has raised concerns that Libya s exports will force global oil prices down. However, rightly, the Libyans are more concerned with boosting their own economy after several years of virtually no oil production. The successful exports do place Haftar in an even stronger position. Sources suggest many of his fighters are recruited from Sudan and are only loyal to their pay packets. However, with his grip on oil exports, securing their loyalty should not be an issue for Haftar in the short term. The National Oil Company (NOC) is responsible for securing oil port facilities with their own armed force, the Petroleum Facility Guards (PFG). Ongoing disputes between the PFG and NOC continue to hamper efforts to increase oil production and supply in the country, potentially placing tankers with legal cargoes at risk of seizure should the issue not be resolved. The oil industry is integral to Libya s economy and is appropriately safeguarded. Divisions between the east and west NOC branches and the control of ports has not yet impacted on the security of a vessel. Many Libyan ports are operational, but not without risk. MAST is able to provide risk assessments and crew training to improve situational awareness and risk appreciation. The additional threat to shipping should not be taken lightly. The map below details the most common points of departure in Libya for migrants and the migrant vessels planned destinations. A large number of the vessels are rescued before reaching their destination and military sources are confirming that there is evidence that setting out to be rescued is a deliberate tactic. Note that this map has yet to be updated to reflect recent shifts in migrant departure points which have not been verified by the military and other agencies. Controlled by the Government of National Accord Controlled by the Tobruk led government Controlled by Tuareg forces Controlled by local forces Controlled by ISIS Control of Northern Libyan territory (27th September 2016) Source: Wikimedia Commons 7
Gulf of Guinea Making the maritime environment a safer place to live Despite the recent ceasefire agreement between the Federal Government and certain Niger Delta militant groups, the Niger Delta Avengers said on Saturday it had carried out its first attack in the country s southern energy hub since it declared in August it was halting hostilities to pursue talks with the government. The militants, who said they attacked the Bonny crude export line on Friday night, have in previous months launched assaults which have cut crude production, which was 2.1 million barrels per day at the start of the year, by around a third. Incidents: 1. Late Report: Three robbers in a canoe approached anchored Norway-flagged offshore tug, Olympic Hercules, at 0410 LT, in position Takoradi anchorage, Ghana. One robber managed to board the vessel and was detected by the CCTV, which triggered the alarm. The robber entered the vessel s work shop, pump room and the crew mess and fled with stolen ship s property. Attempts made to contact the Secondi Naval Base but no response received. Reported Sept. 1st. 2. Six robbers armed with guns boarded and fired upon the duty crew onboard an anchored Panama-flagged container ship at 0252 LT in position 09:18.47N - 013:45.51W: Conakry Anchorage, Guinea. Master activated the SSAS alert, raised the alarm and locked the accommodation. The robbers gained access by breaking the bridge wing windows. After taking the crew hostage the robbers ransacked and looted every crew cabin, stole crew personal belongings, ship s cash and escaped. IMB liaised with the Guinea Navy who responded and boarded the ship. All crew reported safe. Reported (IMB) Sept. 21st 3. Duty crew onboard a berthed Bahamas-flagged bulk carrier observed two suspicious persons hiding on the jetty at 0145 LT in position Port of Casablanca, Morocco. The persons attempted to board the vessel at four different times but were unsuccessful because of the alert crew. Incident reported to the PFSO and agent. Reported (IMB) Sept. 23rd. All vessels operating in the GoG should conduct a thorough risk assessment and practice emergency drills. Locally procured patrol boats can, in the right circumstances, enhance a vessel s security. MAST recommends that vessels transiting the region register with MDAT-GoG to ensure domain awareness. Contact watchkeepers@mdat-gog.org or call +33(0)2 98 22 88 88. MAST advises against the use of embarked armed Nigerian Navy personnel. Under contact from pirates, embarked armed Nigerian guards will draw increased fire towards the bridge of the vessel which can result in the death or injury of crew members and damage to the vessel. The Secure Anchorage Area (SAA) off Lagos provides effective protection for drifting and waiting vessels and the area has been piracy free for several months. It has also been reported that there is an unofficial, but operational SAA off the Bonny River. MAST can advise on risk assessments, the most effective countermeasures and on the most effective locally procured Nigerian patrol vessels to escort vessels to and from operation in Nigeria to 150nm offshore. 2 3 1 3 30 4 00 4 30 7 00 6 30 7 30 5 00 5 30 6 00 8 00 6 00 5 30 5 00 4 30 4 00 3 30 Hijack Kidnap Approach/Attack Suspicious Activity Theft 8
South East Asia Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore have agreed to strengthen coordination to address a wide range of problems in the Malacca Strait and Singapore Strait which serve as important global trade routes, Indonesia s Antara news agency reports. On Sept. 23rd, the Singapore Navy warned shipping in the region of an increased risk of pirate attack: As the conditions are favourable, IFC assess that the risks of attacks in South China Sea and Singapore Strait from 25th Sept. to 05 Oct. 16th are high. All ships are reminded to be vigilant and to conduct anti-piracy measures. Incidents: 1. Whilst at anchor, general cargo ship was boarded by robbers unnoticed. One of the crew discovered that the padlock to the engine store room was broken and some spare parts were missing at 0800 LT in position 05:30S - 105:17E, Pajang Anchorage, Indonesia. Six sets of piston rings and three sets of bearing shells were stolen. Reported (ReCAAP) Sept. 16th. There have been a number of recent reports of robberies and kidnappings occurring against local fishing fleets in the Bay of Bengal and off Bangladesh. While official reports from this region are extremely rare, there have so far been no reported incidents involving merchant traffic transiting the region an it would appear to be a local problem. MAST will continue to monitor the situation and report back accordingly should the situation change. Opportunistic theft of ships stores and equipment continues to be sporadically spread across the archipelagos of SE Asia. Thieves tend to be nonviolent and will escape when spotted. We encourage vessels to conduct thorough risk assessments when operating within SE Asian archipelagos and to adopt appropriate measures to protect vessel and crew. Abu Sayyaf has traditionally targeted small slower vessels such as fishing vessels, passenger vessels, yachts, tugs and vessels under tow with the intent of kidnapping crew for ransom. Vessels operating in the Sulu Sea should adopt security measures. MAST anticipates a fall in incident reports once joint patrols and armed guards are implemented. The warning from the Singapore Navy s International Fusion Centre (IFC) suggests that fair weather may bring criminals onto the water. MAST recommends robust security checks and rounds when transiting these waters. Hijack Kidnap Approach/Attack Suspicious Activity Theft 1 9
Central and South America Since its inauguration, the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) completed more than 160 successful transits through the new locks, which translates to an average of about two transits per day. Container vessels have been the most frequent users of the new locks, followed by LPG vessels. It is expected that LNG tankers will become more frequent users of the canal as American LNG export capacity ramps up. Incidents: 1.On Sept. 29th at 2350 LT, four small fishing vessels were engaged in fishing around an anchored tanker in position 10.09.7N - 064:46.8W. Four robbers, pretending to be fishermen, approached and boarded the ship, stole ship s properties and escaped unnoticed. Theft was discovered by duty crew on rounds. A search was made and incident reported to port control. Authorities boarded to investigate. (IMB). Standing advice: The repercussions of a vessel being caught acting as a mule with drugs stowed will depend on the type, amount and national laws, but may be disruptive and costly. When and if operating in these areas, especially Columbia and Peru, it is advised that: Potential stowage areas such as rudder shafts are denied as far as possible, and/or routinely searched. Access points are closely monitored by a vigilant watch for the duration of the vessel s call at port. Hijack Kidnap Approach/Attack Suspicious Activity Theft 1 10
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