European External Action Service The Instrument for Stability Fight against organised crime on the cocaine route
European Security Strategy 2003 ESS Report 2008 Organised Crime: Europe is a prime target for organised crime. This internal threat to our security has an important external dimension: cross-border trafficking in drugs, women, illegal migrants and weapons accounts for a large part of the activities of criminal gangs. It can have links with terrorism. Such criminal activities are often associated with weak or failing states. Revenues from drugs have fuelled the weakening of state structures in several drug-producing countries. Revenues from trade in gemstones, timber and small arms, fuel conflict in other parts of the world. All these activities undermine both the rule of law and social order itself. In extreme cases, organised crime can come to dominate the state.
What is the Instrument for Stability? The Instrument for Stability, which was created as part of the reform of the Community external financing instruments in 2006, has been designed to provide the Union with a new strategic tool to address a number of global security and development challenges identified by the EU External Security Strategy This Instrument has a three-pronged focus: (1) to ensure an effective, rapid, flexible and adequately funded initial response to situations of political crisis or natural disaster in third countries (article 3); (2) to develop, consistent with the provisions of articles 4.1 and 4.2,longer-term Community actions to counter global and trans-regional threats arising from organised crime, trafficking, proliferation of nuclear, biological and chemical agents and also threats to critical infrastructure and public health, while at the same time contributing to broader Community development and external policy objectives; (3) to set up, consistent with the provisions of article 4.3, longer-term capacity building measures aimed at strengthening international organisations and nonstate actors with a crisis prevention or response mandate.
Trans-regional regional threats Transregional threats to security include: counterterrorism, organised crime, illicit trafficking (drugs, arms, human beings, medicines, financial crime), threats to critical infrastructures, maritime piracy, cybercrime and cyber security 2007-2013 «Long-Term Component» Tranregional threats to Security 130 million Complementarity: Only when a threat cannot be addressed by another instrument; Sustainable capacity building activities, Support to interagency cooperation (de-fragmentation of State response) Support to integration of police and justice international community through regional regional platforms and informal networks Use of reliable communication networks (Interpol and WCO) Strong emphasis on EU visibility and involvement of EU member States Synergy with internal security activities In crisis situations the IfS short term can also be deployed for 18 months actions.
The cocaine route programme First phase 22M Fight against organised crime on the cocaine route 3 regions: Western Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean 4 main domains of activities: sea, air, land, trans-regional Coherence with EU internal security objectives (MAOC-N, CECLAD-M, Accra and Dakar platforms)
Western Africa The framework of our action remains the ECOWAS response Plan adopted in Praia in December 2008 and its Operational action Plan in 2009 Work in progress for the reinforcement of the ECOWAS Secretariat in charge of the implementation of the Praia response Plan and of the related network The EU is providing 16 million from the 10th EDF (European Development Fund) to help ECOWAS implement the activities included in its operational plan. In addition, the EU Strategy for Sahel Countries has been recently presented and work is currently in progress for its implementation
Coherence of external action Addressing OC or CT often requires the setting up of specific tools (specialised and centralised courts, specialised police units ) These tools cannot function properly if the rule of law and governance are not sufficiently developed That is why the IfS can only be complementary with the huge work developed by our geographical colleagues Fight against corruption, access to justice, transparency of the selection and recruitment of judicial and law enforcement staff, adequate penitentiary systems, what my friend Pierre Lapaque of UNODC names «a culture of the rule of law» are prerequisites for any sustainable acttion against organised crime. The security and development approach, used in Sahel or the EU comprehensive approach on the HoA are initial and strategic undertakings towards this goal, but OC is quicker and far more flexible and the criminals are not any more the only actors.
Cocaine route programme Trafficking by sea SEA => SEACOP Project First phase Budget 3M Gradual strengthening of cooperation from national to regional level Operational staff at priority seaports in West Africa trained and equipped Cooperation among law enforcement enhanced and improved first at a national and then at a regional level Joint Maritime Control Units, Maritime Intelligence Units and Maritime Information Systems are set up and cooperate with EU Liaison Officers, MAOC-N and other relevant counterparts. Complementarity with UNODC Container Control Programme Final objective: setting up of a regional intelligence sharing platform 2009-2010: Senegal, Ghana, Cap Verde 2011-2012 : Sierra Leone, Côte d'ivoire, Togo, Benin and as far as feasible Guinea-Bissau and Gambia in West-Africa, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil and selected Caribbean countries.
IFS Main axes of intervention (AIR) AIR => AIRCOP project To strengthen the anti-drug capacities of beneficiary countries in WA and LAC at selected airports Implemented by UNODC, Interpol and WCO with experts from EU member States AIRCOP I: 2,3 mio AIRCOP II: 2,5 mio
AIRCOP I and II AIRCOP I: Brazil, Cape Verde, Côte d Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo. Possibly Gambia. AIRCOP II: Argentina (Buenos Aires), Benin (Cotonou), Cameroon (Douala), Colombia (Bogota), Dominican Republic (Punta Cana), Jamaica (Kingston), Kenya (Nairobi), and Venezuela (Caracas), South Africa (Johannesburg associate), Ethiopia (Addis Ababa associate). The main emphasis is on trafficking by courriers ingesting drugs, hiding it around their body or concealing it in their luggage. These courriers may either be transiting passengers from LAC, departing from WA or transiting from other destinations (Asia, South-Africa)
AIRCOP II Need to cover a minimum number of airports to be effective To cover high number of routes To avoid displacement effect Interact with law enforcement action inside EU Need to focus also on cargo and postal traffic Direct flights exist between LAC and WA More than 1,5 million international parcels outflow from LAC and WA annually Almost no checks conducted
IfS Complementary and planned activities The activities of the IfS also include an important programme for the fight against terrorism and organised crime in Sahel countries (8M ) The activities already started at the subregional level in Mali and Mauritania last year should soon be complemented with Niger this year. They include, inter alia, a contribution to the reinforcement of the penal chain, the development of intelligence and information sharing capacities, capacity building for crisis management preparedness, the setting up of a «Sahelian Security College» inspired by the CEPOL. We also envisage to launch a project against financial crime in Western Africa with the reinforcement of the GIABA network and the development of a network of prosecutors The activities of the Cocaine route programme are coordinated by a specific project (CORMS) to strengthen the transregional coordination, coherence and complementary effect among the various projects. In the context of maritime security and safety, a programme should also be elaborated this year for the fight against piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Gulf Guinea. It could be complementary with SEACOP.
Cocaine route- Latin America and the Caribbean Lot is already done in Latin America and we focus on the developement of regional platforms Support to the development of AMERIPOL (Colombia) - 4M starting Support to the GAFISUD (Argentina)- 4M on non banking sector, second phase in preparation We also have ongoing projects against chemical precursors and small arms trafficking in Latin and Central America.
Illicit flows «People should spend more time building bridges than walls» (Isaac Newton)