FINAL EXAM REVIEW World History Fall 2013 Ms. Suhrstedt
World History Themes Throughout human history: There has been a struggle between continuity and change. EXAMPLES: Protestant Reformation Scientific Revolution Industrial Revolution Decline of Feudalism
World History Themes Throughout human history: There has been an everchanging relationship between the human and natural worlds. EXAMPLES: 15 th century exploration geographical barriers climate
World History Themes Throughout human history: There have been continuous efforts to solve the problem of scarcity. EXAMPLES: food gold industrial resources
World History Themes Throughout human history: Knowledge, ideas, and beliefs are acquired, applied, expressed, and suppressed. EXAMPLES: world religions spreading Hitler burning books Inquisition
World History Themes Throughout human history: There have been interactions between cultures. EXAMPLES: Europe discovers Americas Muslim trading with West African empires Europeans spheres of influence in China
World History Themes Throughout human history: Factors exist which contribute to the acquisition and loss of power. EXAMPLES: Spanish domination in the Americas Napoleon s rise and fall Hitler s rise and fall
1000 AD Cities were located near sources of fresh water. Most of the world s population was concerned with agriculture and food production.
Religion Major Beliefs Number of Gods Hinduism Buddhism Judaism World Religions Reincarnation Rewards in life results from good behavior in previous life. Seek Nirvana Follow Eightfold Path God loves everyone Do good works Christianity Christ is god s son Do good works Polytheistic Brahman None Buddha Monotheistic Yaweh Monotheistic God Islam 5 Pillars of Islam Monotheistic- Allah
Japanese Shogunate Obedience between the social classes was key to their relationship.
West African kingdoms Cultural diffusion: Spread and adoption of different cultures. Islamic beliefs and traditions had a great impact.
Middle Ages Why did feudalism last so long? 1. Protected all levels of society 2. Economically self-sufficient 3. Easy system for the king to keep control 4. The system failed when kings and merchants tried maintain control over larger nation-states.
Black Death Results 1. Population decline 2. Employment opportunities 3. Wage increases 4. Decline in international trade
Mongol Empire Once the Mongols took over they created a lasting peace and encouraged trading to take place between Europe and Asia. Resulted in religious tolerance, technological exchange, and more trade.
Renaissance Changes in thinking 1. Away from religion 2. Humanism interest in human body and individual potential; dominant idea 3. Secularism shows interest in human activities (not religious)
Renaissance Changes in thought Political Machiavelli wrote about how to keep power viewing political behavior as a science. Machiavelli s book, The Prince, was based on secular thoughts.
Renaissance Changes in thought Scientific Before Renaissance scientific events were explained either through the Bible or by using logic During the Renaissance scientists like Leonardo Da Vinci challenged accepted thought by experimenting and using mathematical reasoning.
Renaissance Why did humanism and secularism dominate the Renaissance? People came to realize that their life on earth was just as important as their life in heaven. People should explore their potential
Protestant Reformation The historical struggle during the Protestant Reformation was a challenge to the policies of the Catholic Church. The theme that best illustrates this struggle Struggle between continuity and change.
Chinese Dynasties 1. Dynastic cycle justified new rulers.
Overseas Exploration What motivated Europeans to conduct overseas exploration? 1. Wealth and power 2. Spread Christianity 3. National Pride 4. New maritime technology
Overseas Exploration and Colonization What caused the significant decline of Native Americans in the Spanish colonies in America? 1. Introduction of disease pathogens What was a major impact of colonization? 1. Using Africans as slaves
Overseas Exploration What was the Triangle Trade System? System of trade developed between THE AMERICAS EUROPE AFRICA
Mercantilism Expansion of global trade and business competition.
Absolute Rule Monarchs (Kings, queens, royalty) held complete control. Used their power and wealth to benefit themselves.
French Revolution Which group in society gained power and which lost power as a result of the Revolution? Gained Power Peasants (3 rd Estate) 98% of the population Lost Power Monarchy and Clergy (2 nd and 1 st Estates), opposed change because they held the power and wealth.
Industrial Revolution Changes in Europe Short Term horrible living and working conditions Long Term Wealth Better living and working conditions Increased Wages Better quality of life
Industrial Revolution Western Europe was able to industrialize.. 1. People moved to cities 2. New technologies 3. Water sources for power and transportation.
Industrial Revolution Impact of Unions Higher Wages Safer Working conditions Rights for Workers Limits on working hours
Enlightenment thinkers Voltaire believed people had a right to express their beliefs. Enlightenment ideas spread to the Americas which inspired revolutions.
Imperialism Imperialism Stronger countries take over weaker countries and dominate them economically, politically, and socially. Build an empire. Increased rivalries between European countries.
Imperialism Forms of Imperialism 1. Colony India 2. Protectorate Puerto Rico 3. Sphere of Influence China 4. Economic Imperialism Dole Fruit Co.
Imperialism Berlin Conference 1884 European powers met and came to an agreement on how to divide up Africa into territories Created guidelines about effective occupation and control of African territory African nations had no input
World War I Trench warfare: 1. New weapons led to high casualties. 2. Lack of new military tactics.
World War I Underlying Causes 1. Militarism-strong military 2. Alliances-agreements between nations 3. Imperialism-takeover territory 4. Nationalism-proud to belong to a group
Russian Revolution Underlying Causes 1. Economic Problems 2. Harsh Autocratic Rule from Czar 3. Russo Japanese War 4. Bloody Sunday
Results Great Depression 1. High Unemployment 2. Bank Failures 3. Businesses Bankrupt 4. Inflation 5. Shortages
World War II Countries with Totalitarian Leaders Germany Adolph Hitler Italy Benito Mussolini Japan Emperor Hirohito
World War II Appeasement: 1. 1930s British and French policy to avoid another world war. 2. Gave Hitler what he wanted.
Holocaust Nazi policy of eliminating the Jewish population. Final stage of genocide in Europe. 6m Jews were killed.
Post World War II Effects in Europe and Asia: 1. Huge loss of life 2. Soviet Union becomes a world power 3. Colonies become independent of Europe
Post World War II Gandhi Nonviolent non-compliance simply put, don t do what they are telling you to do. Used passive resistance as opposed to armed resistance
Post World War II Apartheid Policy instituted in South Africa by the ruling white minority separating whites from blacks. Other nations imposed economic sanctions to end Apartheid.
Post World War II Containment President Truman policy designed to stop the spread of communism. Truman Doctrine support any country who wanted a democratic form of government. Marshall Plan gave $ to European countries after World War II who decided to pursue a democratic way of life. Korean and Vietnam Wars were containment wars.
Post World War II Cold War Period of tension between the end of World War II and 1990 in which the US and Soviet Union waged indirect warfare through other nations. Neither wished war with the other because both possessed countless nuclear weapons.
Post World War II Communist takeover of China 1.Decreased European influence in China and Asia
Post World War II Examples of Religious and Ethnic Hatred Arab-Israeli Conflict Arabs (Palestinians) and Jews (Israelis) both want control of the same land. Result There has been warfare and violence between the two groups since the establishment of Israel after WWII.
Post World War II Examples of Religious and Ethnic Hatred Apartheid Government policy of segregation between whites and blacks in South Africa. Result Several African nations now overwhelmed with tribal and ethnic hatred on the verge of war.
Post World War II Examples of Religious and Ethnic Hatred Rwanda ethnic hatred between Hutus and Tutsis resulted in civil war resulting in over 1 million deaths in 1990 s. Result Several African nations now overwhelmed with tribal and ethnic hatred on the verge of war.
Post World War II Examples of Religious and Ethnic Hatred Nationalism in India Nonviolent non-compliance simply put, don t do what they are telling you to do. Result Used passive resistance instead of armed resistance.
Resistance to Change Transition b/w feudalism and nation states People struggled to shift from farms to towns Nobles struggle as they lose power when workers unite against them in towns
Resistance to Change Protestant Reformation Leaders of the Catholic Church refuse to change to meet the demands of the people They form the Inquisition to try to stop the Reformation
Resistance to Change Chinese isolationism Emperors refused to let outsiders trade with China. They were afraid of losing power.
Resistance to Change Colonization/Decolonization Colonization conquered people struggle with the loss of their independence Decolonization Imperial powers fight to hold onto their colonies.
Resistance to Change Industrial Revolution Struggle to keep pace with the changes including the massive overcrowding of cities, harsh living and working conditions. Workers form unions
Resistance to Change Scientific Revolution Scientists make discoveries that directly challenge the teachings of the Catholic Church. Church leaders refuse to admit they are wrong despite overwhelming evidence.
Treaty of Versailles To what degree did the Treaty of Versailles (which ended WWI) lead to WWII? *Be sure to include counterpoints and use evidence! Treaty of Versailles leads to WWI because it never addressed the underlying causes of WWI: nationalism, militarism, and imperialism Treaty written by Allied powers who blamed Germany for everything
Treaty of Versailles Germany lost land and had to pay reparations (money for the damage, death, etc. they caused in WWI) Treaty should have Decreased military buildup in nations around the world (only Germany required to decrease size of military) Give up colonies/allow for self-determination (only Germany required to give up land)
Treaty of Versailles Treaty leads to economic hardships in Germany These economic hardships led to the rise of the Fascist Party in Germany (and other places like Italy) They turned to dictators (like Hitler) in hopes that they will be able to end the suffering No one stops the spread of fascism and growth of Germany s power Appeasement Germany broke the Treaty and all of this led to WWII