International Perspectives on Social Policy, Administration, and Practice Volume 1 Series Editors Sheying Chen Jason L. Powell For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/007
Zhidong Hao Sheying Chen Editors Social Issues in China Gender, Ethnicity, Labor, and the Environment
Editors Zhidong Hao Department of Sociology University of Macau Taipa, Macau Sheying Chen Pace University New York, NY, USA ISBN 978-1-4614-2223-5 ISBN 978-1-4614-2224-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2224-2 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013941659 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
We dedicate this book to those who strive to build a more fair and just China which both the present and future generations, including Longzai and Ting-ting (Hao s and Chen s new family members, respectively), will all fi nd inhabitable.
Acknowledgements Most of these papers on China s development came from the four panels Zhidong Hao organized at Left Forum held at Pace University in New York in March 2011. The four panels were respectively on gender, ethnicity, labor, and the environment. These social issues have been troubling China ever since the reform and opening 30 years ago. Prof. Sheying Chen, Associate Provost for Academic Affairs at Pace and host to the Forum, graciously joined Zhidong in editing the papers and publishing them in this book. Since not all the presenters were able to join us in the publication of the book, we invited other scholars to contribute to the volume. As a result, in each of the four parts of the book, we have papers on the respective problems regarding a specific issue, on theoretical analysis, and on NGOs that deal with this issue. That way we have not only analyzed the problems but also explored how various social organizations are helping deal with them. Each paper has gone through multiple drafts upon the editors suggestions for revision so that each part of the book is coherent and each paper makes a clear point that complements other papers. We want to thank the authors for their hard work and cooperation. Without their efforts, we would not be able to have a high- quality book in front of us. We would also like to thank the organizers of Left Forum for giving us the opportunity to present the four panels. We want to thank Dr. Seth Adler, Conference Coordinator, for his accommodation. We want to thank especially Professor Stanley Aronowitz, Director of The Center for the Study of Culture, Technology and Work, Department of Sociology, City University of New York Graduate Center, the chief organizer of Left Forum, for his encouragement for the panels and the eventual publication of the book. Last but not least, we want to thank the editors at Springer for their diligent and professional work in producing a beautiful and professional looking book for us to enjoy. These would include especially Janice Stern, Senior Editor at Springer, and Christina Tuballes, Editorial Assistant. We hope you will enjoy the book. vii
Contents 1 Introduction: Gender, Ethnicity, Labor, and the Environment as Social Issues and Public Policy Challenges... 1 Sheying Chen and Zhidong Hao Part I Gender Relations in China 2 Rural Chinese Women s Political Participation: Problems and Prospects... 23 Chiew-Siang Bryan Ho and Qin Li 3 Self-Assertive Mistresses and Corrupt Officials: The Complex Interdependencies... 45 Helen Xiaoyan Wu 4 Domestic Labor, Gendered Intergenerational Contract, and Shared Elderly Care in Rural South China... 67 Clara Wai-chun To 5 The Growth and Dilemma of Women s NGOs in China: A Case Study of the Beijing Zhongze Legal Consulting Service Center for Women... 85 Jun Li Part II Ethnic Relations in China 6 Language, Learning, and Identity: Problematizing the Education for Tibetans... 109 Chung Dolma 7 Interpreting the Ethnicization of Social Conflict in China: Ethnonationalism, Identity, and Social Justice... 127 Grace Cheng ix
x Contents 8 A Harmonious Society: National Policies and Ethnic Relations... 145 A. Tom Grunfeld 9 NGO Development in China s Ethnic Areas... 163 Xu Liu Part III Labor Relations in China 10 Labor Contract, Trade Union Membership, and Workplace Relations: A Study of Migrant Workers in Guangdong Province, China... 183 Zhiming Cheng, Haining Wang, and Yuanyuan Chen 11 Labor Protection for Migrant Workers in China: A Perspective of Institutional Reform... 207 Qingwen Xu 12 From Societization of Workers Rights Defending to the Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Experience of Yiwu City s General Trade Union... 227 Xinjun Gao 13 The Role of Intellectuals in Contemporary China s Labor Movement: A Preliminary Exploration... 239 Zhidong Hao Part IV The Environmental Movement 14 Environmental Problems in China: Issues and Prospects... 257 Peter Zabielskis 15 The Struggle for Survival: A Case Study of an Environmental NGO in Zhejiang Province... 281 Hao Xin and Jing Yang 16 Public Participation in Environmental Protection in China: Three Case Analyses... 291 Wanxin Li, Jieyan Liu, and Duoduo Li 17 Political Opportunity and the Anti-dam Movement in China: A Case Study of Nu River... 311 Kin-man Chan and Yan Zhou Index... 331
Contributors Kin-man Chan Centre for Civil Society Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Sheying Chen Pace University, New York, NY, USA Yuanyuan Chen Shandong School of Development, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China Grace Cheng Department of Social Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, USA Zhiming Cheng School of Economics, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Chung Dolma Department of Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Xinjun Gao Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, China Center for Comparative Politics & Economics, Beijing, P. R. China A. Tom Grunfeld Department of History, Empire State College/SUNY, New York, NY, USA Zhidong Hao Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China Chiew-Siang Bryan Ho Department of Government and Public Administration, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China Duoduo Li School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China Jun Li Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China xi
xii Contributors Qin Li School of Political and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Wanxin Li Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China Jieyan Liu Property Management Center, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China Xu Liu Taiyuan Academy of Social Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China F.S.H., Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China Clara Wai-chun To Department of Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong Haining Wang Department of Marketing and Management, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia Helen Xiaoyan Wu Centre for French and Linguistics, UTSC, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Hao Xin Green Zhejiang, Hangzhou Eco-Culture Association, Hangzhou, China Qingwen Xu School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA Jing Yang COFCO Tunhe, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China Peter Zabielskis Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China Yan Zhou Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong