Implementing and Overseeing Electronic Voting and Counting Technologies Resource Annex Lead Authors Ben Goldsmith Holly Ruthrauff
This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Award No. DFD-A-00-08-00350-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
IMPLEMENTING AND OVERSEEING ELECTRONIC VOTING AND COUNTING TECHNOLOGIES: RESOURCE ANNEX RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES ON IMPLEMENTING E-VOTING AND COUNTING Caarls, Susanne: E-voting Handbook: Key Steps for Introducing E-voting, Council of Europe, 2010, available at <www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/activities/ggis/e-voting/e-voting%20 2010/Biennial_Nov_meeting/ID10322%20GBR%206948%20Evoting%20handbook%20 A5%20HD.pdf> Council of Europe, Certification of E-Voting Systems, 2011, available at <www.regjeringen.no/ upload/krd/prosjekter/e-valg/vedlegg/certification_evoting_system_eng.pdf > Council of Europe, Guidelines on Transparency of E-enabled Elections, 2011, available at <www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/activities/ggis/e-voting/e-voting%202010/biennial_ Nov_meeting/Guidelines_transparency_EN.pdf> Recommendations and Guidelines on Implementing E-Voting and Counting 307
Council of Europe, Legal, Operational and Technical Standards for E-Voting, 2004, available at <www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/activities/key-texts/recommendations/ Rec(2004)11_Eng_Evoting_and_Expl_Memo_en.pdf> EC-UNDP Joint Taskforce on Electoral Assistance, Procurement Aspects of Introducing ICTs Solutions in Electoral Processes, 2010, available at <www.ec-undp-electoralassistance. org/images/operational%20paper.pdf> Goldsmith, Ben, Electronic Voting & Counting Technologies: A Guide to Conducting Feasibility Studies, International Foundation for Electoral Systems, 2011, available at <www.ifes. org/content/publications/books/2011/~/media/files/publications/books/2011/electronic_voting_and_counting_tech_goldsmith.pdf> International IDEA, Introducing Electronic Voting: Essential Considerations, 2011, available at <www.idea.int/publications/introducing-electronic-voting/upload/pp_e-voting.pdf> Norden, Lawrence D. and Lazarus, Eric, The Machinery of Democracy: Protecting Elections in an Electronic World, Brennan Center for Justice, 2007, available at <www.brennancenter.org/content/resource/the_machinery_of_democracy_protecting_elections_in_an_ electronic_world/> Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Electronic Voting: Challenges and Opportunities, 2006. US Election Assistance Commission, Voting System Testing and Certification Program Manual, 2011, available at <www.eac.gov/assets/1/documents/certification%20program%20 Manual.OMB%203265.004.Exp%206.30.20141.pdf> US Election Assistance Commission, Voluntary Voting System Guidelines, 2005, available at <www.eac.gov/testing_and_certification/voluntary_voting_system_guidelines.aspx> Yard, Michael, Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology, International Foundation for Electoral System, 2010, available at <www.ifes.org/content/publications/ Books/2010/Direct-Democracy-Progress-and-Pitfalls-of-Election-Technology.aspx> OVERSEEING ELECTRONIC VOTING AND COUNTING Carter Center, Handbook on Observing Electronic Voting, 2012, available at <www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/peace/democracy/des/carter-center-e_voting-handbook.pdf> 308
International IDEA, Voting from Abroad: The International IDEA Handbook on External Voting (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2007), Chapter 9, Observation of External Voting, available at www.idea.int/publications/voting_from_abroad/upload/chap9.pdf> Organization of American States, Observing the Use of Electoral Technologies, 2010, available at <www.oas.org/es/sap/docs/technology%20english-final-4-27-10.pdf> Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), In Preparation of Guidelines for the Observation of Electronic Voting, October 2008, available at www.osce.org/odihr/elections/34725 OSCE/ODIHR: Handbook for the Observation of New Voting Technologies. Warsaw, 2013. Pran, Vladimir and Merloe, Patrick, Monitoring Electronic Technologies in Electoral Processes, National Democratic Institute, 2007, available at <www.ndi.org/files/2267_elections_ manuals_monitoringtech_0.pdf> Vollan, Kåre, Observing Electronic Voting, Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, 2005, available at <www.jus.uio.no/smr/english/about/programmes/nordem/publications/nordem-report/2005/1505.pdf INTERNET VOTING AND VOTING FROM ABROAD International IDEA, Voting from Abroad: The International IDEA Handbook on External Voting (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2007), Chapter 10, E-voting and External Voting, available at <www.idea.int/publications/voting_from_abroad/upload/chap10.pdf> Trechsel, Alexander and Vassil, Kristjan, Internet Voting in Estonia: A Comparative Analysis of Four Elections Since 2005, European University Institute, 2010, available at <www.vvk. ee/public/dok/report_-_e-voting_in_estonia_2005-2009.pdf> OTHER RESOURCES ON E-VOTING AND COUNTING Barrat I Esteve, J, Goldsmith, B. and Turner, J., International Experience with E-voting, IFES, 2012, available at www.regjeringen.no/upload/krd/prosjekter/e-valg/evaluering/topic6_assessment.pdf Other Resources on E-voting and Counting 309
Jones, Douglas W., Some Problems with End-to-End Voting, University of Iowa, 2009, available at <www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting/e2e2009.pdf> McGaley, M. and Gibson, J.P., Electronic Voting: A Safety Critical System, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, 2003. Oostveen, A.-M. and van den Besselaar, P., Security as Belief: User s Perceptions on the Security of Electronic Voting Systems, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, available at <http://subs.emis.de/lni/proceedings/proceedings47/ Proceeding.GI.47-8.pdf> Zetter, Kim, The Cost of E-Voting, Wired Magazine, 2008, available at <www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/04/the-cost-of-e-v> 310