430 430 Unit 13 Bill Clinton He defeated George H Bush. to become the 42 nd POTUS. An extremely popular president who improved the economy but his tenure was stained with the Monica Lewinsky Scandal, when he was unsuccessfully impeached. 431 BILL GATES 431 William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is a Computer Programmer and inventor who is one of the bestknown entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Founder of MICROSOFT
432 432 World Trade Organization Members Members, dually represented by the EU Observers The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization that intends to set trade policies and mediate disputes among members. WTO has spurred the growth of American goods on a global level. NAFTA 433 433. The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral rulesbased trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. NAFTA lowered or eliminated tariffs. It was signed by President Clinton in 1993. NAFTA has allowed many companies to move overseas
INTERNET 434 434 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services 435 EUROPEAN UNION [EU] 435 In 1992, twelve countries in Western Europe formed to advance economic integration, laws and foreign policy. In 1999 they adopted a shared currency called the EURO. It currently has 22 countries as members
436 Contract with America 436 1994 Republicans led by Newt Gingrich devised a 10 point plan that promised to balance the budget, create jobs and reform the welfare program. 437 The Balkan Crisis 437 In 1994 the US brokered peace between Croatian forces and Bosnia. The Croatian Army and the combined Bosnian and Croat forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, conducted an operation code named Operation Maestral to push back Bosnian Serb military gains. Together with NATO air strikes on the Bosnian Serbs, the successes on the ground put pressure on the Serbs to come to the negotiating table.
438 George W. Bush 438 He grew up in Midland, TX & was Governor from 1994-2000 when he was elected the 43 rd President. Sept. 11, 2001 prompted U. S. actions to liberate Iraq & invade Afghanistan to attack the Taliban & al Qaida. He was criticized for a lack of response to Hurricane Katrina. 439 Ralph Nader 439 He is an American political activist, as well as an attorney. Nader ran in the 2000 election as candidate of the Green Party, which had been formed in the wake of his 1996 campaign. A common claim is that Nader's candidacy acted as a spoiler in the 2000 U.S. presidential election, in which 537 votes gave George W. Bush a crucial and controversial victory in Florida
440 Hurricane Katrina 440 Is one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States. The hurricane surge protection failures in New Orleans are considered the worst civil engineering disaster in U.S. history and prompted a lawsuit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(USACE). President George W. Bush as well as FEMA were criticized in their handling of the Katrina aftermath. It was made worse due to New Orleans being under sea level and surrounded by water AL QAEDA 441 441 Is a global militant Islamist and takfiri organization founded by Osama bin Laden, at some point between August 1986 and late 1989. Al-Qaeda has attacked civilian and military targets in various countries, including the September 11. 2001 attacks. The U.S. government responded to the September 11 attacks by launching the War on Terror.
442 TALIBAN 442 Is an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan. It spread throughout Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until December 2001.It enforces its strict interpretation of Sharia law, 443 NeoConservatives 443 Favor using U.S. military power to confront hostile dictators and to promote democracy around the world
444 WAR ON TERROR 444 Prompted by the 9/11 attacks the U.S. declared a war on terrorism. It invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime, it then moved to Iraq and overthrew Saddam Hussein 9/11 445 445 September 11 th 2001 two airplanes flown by Al Quaeda terrorists struck the world trade center in NYC. They also crashed into the Pentagon
Barak Obama II 446 446 Currently our 44 th President, he is the first African-American to attain the office when he was popularly elected in 2008. He graduated Columbia University and Harvard Law School and won the 2009 Nobel Prize for Peace. 447 No Child Left Behind 447 The government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. Proposed by George W. Bush and passed in 2001. The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, States must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.
448 USA PATRIOT Act 448 October 26, 2001 authorization of indefinite detentions of immigrants; the permission given law enforcement officers to search a home or business without the owner s or the occupant s consent or knowledge; the expanded use of National Security Letters, which allows the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to search telephone, e-mail, and financial records without a court order 449 America Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 449 Commonly referred to as the Stimulus or The Recovery Act to respond to the Great Recession, the primary objective for ARRA was to save and create jobs almost immediately. Secondary objectives were to provide temporary relief programs for those most impacted by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy. The approximate cost of the economic stimulus package was estimated to be $787 billion Recovery Act.
450 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 450 Called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or "Obamacare. The ACA was enacted with the goals of increasing the quality and affordability of health insurance, lowering the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reducing the costs of healthcare for individuals and the government. 451 2000 Election 451 It was controversial presidential election between George W. Bush [republican] and Al Gore [democrat]. Election results hinged on Florida,Where the margin of victory triggered a mandatory recount. Litigation in select counties started additional recounts, and this litigation ultimately reached the United States Supreme Court. The S.C. ruled in favor of Bush
Steve Jobs 452 452 He was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. After a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NEXT, a computer platform development company. As the new CEO of the company, Jobs oversaw the development of the imac, itunes, ipod, iphone, and ipad, and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, itunes Store and the App Store 453 George H.W. Bush 453 An American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. He joined the US. Navy and became a naval aviator at the age of 18. Former CIA Director and V.P under Reagan
454 GULF WAR 454 Codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Benghazi 455 455 On the evening of September 11, 2012, Islamic militants attacked the American diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya, killing two American Ambassadors marking the first time since 1979 a U.S. Ambassador was killed in the line of duty. In the aftermath of the attack, State Department officials were criticized for denying requests for additional security at the consulate prior to the attack. As Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton subsequently took responsibility for the security lapse
Facebook 456 456 Is an online social networking service headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Its website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Fannie Mae Freddy Mac Housing Bubble 457 457 loan originators backed by Wall Street capital began operating beyond the Fannie and Freddie system that had been working for decades by peddling large quantities of high-risk subprime mortgages with terms and features that drastically increased the chance of default. From 2008 to 2012, Fannie and Freddie would lose a combined $265 billion, The Bush administration in September 2008 responded by placing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into government conservatorship, where they remain today
Twitter 458 458 Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140- character messages called "tweets" As of December 2014, Twitter has more than 500 million users, The venerable US institution is assembling all of the 400 million tweets sent by Americans each day, in the belief that each of the mini-messages reflect a small but important part of the national narrative. 459 Panama Invasion 459 Operation Just Cause, was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989. It occurred during the administration of U.S. President George H. W. Bush, In 1978 the U.S. agreed to turn over the Panama Canal to the country of Panama. The U.S. wanted to make sure the Government was stable before the transition occurred. The overthrow of Manuel Noriega happened due to drug trafficking. Panama had become a center for drug money laundering and a transit point for drug trafficking to the U.S. and Europe. Noriega was sentenced to 40 years in prison
460 Tiananmen Square Massacre 460 A student led popular demonstration for freedom of speech in Beijing which took place in the spring of 1989. It received broad support from city residents, exposing deep splits within China's political leadership. The protests were forcibly suppressed by hard-line leaders who ordered the military to enforce martial law in the country's capital. Soldiers killed hundreds of protesters. Ross Perot 461 461 An American businessman best known for being an independent 3 rd party candidate presidential candidate in 1992
462 Service Sector/ Downsized 462 Service Sector = provides a service, not an actual product that could be held in your hand. Activities in the service sector include retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, health, social work, computer services, Downsized = to reduce the number of workers on staff to cut costs and increase profits NASDAQ 463 463 It is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the U.S. and world by market capitalization and trading volume.
GATT 464 464 It is a multilateral agreement regulating international trade. Its purpose was the "substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis. The U.S. signed up in 1994, the GATT also set up the WTO [World trade Organization]
465 Information Superhighway 465 President Clinton appointed V.P Al Gore to push for an information superhighway, which will link everyone at home or office to everything else movies and television shows, shopping services, electronic mail and huge collections of data. 466 Telecommunications Act of 1996 466 The law allowed telephone and cable companies to enter each others industries. This increased mergers and cut the number of competing countries
467 Gentrification 467 The rehabilitation of old neighborhoods in which middle class people move into an area and lower income people move out due to rising house costs. 468 Proposition 187 468 A California law which cut Education and non emergency health benefits to illegal immigrants. It was ruled unconstitutional in 1998
469 Osama bin Laden 469 He was the founder of al-qaeda, the militant organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by SOCS Robert O'Neill 470 Axis of Evil 470 The term given to countries Iraq, Iran and North Korea in George W. Bush s State of the Union address in 2002. These nations had been known to sponsor terrorism and were suspected of developing weapons of mass destruction.
471 Kelo v City of New London 471 The 5 th amendment states the Government can t take property without just or equal compensation to owners. In 2000 the city of New London seized property and gave the land to a corporation to have it redeveloped as part of the city s rejuvenation project. In 2005 the S.C. ruled 5-4 in favor of the City of New London citing the phrase public use to have a broad meaning 472 EARMARKS 472 SPECIFICATIONS ADDED BY BOTH REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATS FOR THE EXPENDITURE OF FEDERAL MONEY FOR CERTAIN PROJECTS
473 OCCUPY WALL STREET 473 Is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district, The main issues raised by Occupy Wall Street were social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the perceived undue influence of corporations on government particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS slogan, "We are the 99%", refers to income inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population 474 TEA PARTY 474 Is an American political movement known for its conservative positions and its role in the Republican Party ("GOP"). It demands a reduction in the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending and taxes The movement opposes government sponsored programs such as universal healthcare and has been described as a mix of libertarian populist and conservative activists.
475 The ARAB Spring 475 It was a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010By January 2015, rulers had been forced from power in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen; civil uprisings had erupted in Bahrain and Syria; Minor protests had occurred in Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Western Sahara, and Palestine.