DO NOW WHY DID THE WARRING STATES PERIOD HELP BRING NEW IDEAS (PHILOSOPHIES) TO CHINA? AIM: How did Confucius ideas help shape Chinese life?!
REVIEW: WHAT IS A PHILOSOPHER? A philosopher is a person who studies the meaning of life. They ask questions about the world and try to use their knowledge to solve problems in the world. Who are some real life (or historical) examples of philosophers? 2
SOCRATES Famous Greek philosopher! He taught people to question the world around them and to learn through questioning and investigating. This lead to the creation of the Scientific Method. Which class do you use you the Scientific Method? 3
MACHIAVELLI An Italian philosopher who wrote a book called The Prince. It was about how rulers should act and behave to rule their people. The ends justify the means. 4
WHAT DO YOU THINK THE GOAL OF A PHILOSOPHER IS? 5
CONFUCIUS Confucius developed a philosophical system based on morals and ethics during the Warring States Period. It emphasized respect and virtue. He even advised that dynastic rulers should be righteous and disciplined. 6
CONFUCIAN VIRTUE Just like any other belief system Confucius knew that people needed a set of ideas (or moral code) to live by and came up with the Five Virtues. Name of Virtue Empathy & Benevolence (Ren)!! Humility (Li)!! Mindfulness of Action (Shu)!! Description of Virtue Being polite and kind to other people. Being respectful about your actions and remembering that everything you do is important. Don t cause suffering to others. Speak and treat others kindly! (Similar to Buddhism) 7
CONFUCIAN VIRTUE Just like any other belief system Confucius knew that people needed a set of ideas (or moral code) to live by and came up with the Five Virtues. Name of Virtue Description of Virtue Family & Relationships (Xiao)!!! Take care of your family. Treat all friends and family with the greatest respect. Art, Calligraphy, and Music (Wen)! Part of great education includes art, knowing how to write in calligraphy and understanding music. 8
FIVE BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Before Confucius could divide society into a hierarchical system, he described the Five Basic Relationships that all human beings experience and how the understanding of power works between them. Type of Relationship How do the relationships work? Ruler & The Ruled! (The People)!! Husband & Wife!! Father & Son Rulers and the people should respect each other equally. Husband is head of the house, the wife should take care of him and keep him healthy. Dad she teach son everything he can and son should take care of dad in return. 9
FIVE BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Before Confucius could divide society into a hierarchical system, he described the Five Basic Relationships that all human beings experience and how the understanding of power works between them. Type of Relationship How do the relationships work? Older Brother & Younger Brother! Friends! Older brother should be a role model and younger brother should learn all he can. Friends should help each other whenever they can and NEVER take advantage of one another. 10
CONFUCIAN HIERARCHY 1. Scholars - Gov t Officials 2. Land Owners UPPER CLASS 1. Laborers 2. Farmers PEASANTS - MIDDLE CLASS 1. Artists, Actors, Unskilled Laborers 2. Merchants 3. Slaves MEAN PEOPLE - LOWER CLASS 11
C.T. QUESTION Why do you think that Confucius placed artists, actors, and merchants in the lowest class in his hierarchy? Usually they are considered middle class or sometimes upper class in most societies. Think about what they produce or give back to society compared to actual laborers. 12
CONFUCIAN WOMEN Take a moment, read the quote and write down what you think this means. When she is young, she obeys her father; when she is married, she obeys her husband; when she is widowed, she obeys her son. 13
CONFUCIAN WOMEN Despite this, women were in charge at home and controlled the family s finances (money). Also, during the Zhou Dynasty, women were allowed to start taking jobs as silk weavers. 14
CONFUCIAN EDUCATION Confucius valued education HIGHLY. Education was the only way for a person to move up the social hierarchy (social mobility). Any person who passed the civil service examination could get a job as a government official. (Chinese Scholar House - This One s At The Met!) 15
CONFUCIAN EDUCATION Confucian education includes: History of China, becoming a better person by following Confucian Virtues, and Filial Piety. (Chinese Scholar House - This One s At The Met!) 16
HOW COULD CONFUCIUS EDUCATION PLAN SOLVE THE PROBLEMS CHINA WAS FACING DURING THE WARRING STATES PERIOD? 17
WHAT IS FILIAL PIETY? Filial Piety simply means loyalty and respect for your family. It ALSO happens to be one of Confucius Virtues! Confucius taught that a prosperous country starts in the home! He believed that you learn how to respect your family first and then you will learn to respect society. 18
WHAT IS FILIAL PIETY? Filial Piety simply means loyalty and respect for your family. It ALSO happens to be one of Confucius Virtues! Children must respect all of their elders (mom, dad, etc.) and take care of them until death. Filial Piety helped to create a better government and society. 19
EXIT SLIP: UNDERSTANDING CONFUCIANISM Thinking about Confucius philosophy, how do you think this may have been a solution to the Warring States Period? 20