NAME The 2 nd Industrial Revolution / 16 points- 6.1 / 16 points- 6.2 / 16 points- 6.3 / 10 points- 6.4 TOTAL- / 58 points
6.1 The Second Industrial Revolution /16 points Railroads and Steel 1. What was the Second Industrial Revolution? 2. When and where did the first Industrial Revolution take place? (hint, use your index) 3. What was the Bessemer process. How did it work? 4. How did the Bessemer process affect the railroad industry? 5. What did the following individuals contribute to the railroad industry? a. George Westinghouse: b. George Pullman: Striking Oil 6. Kerosene is made from or. 7. Why was kerosene important? Electric Light and Power 8. In 1879 Thomas Edison created the. 9. What is a patent? Advances in Communications 10. What advancements in communications were made in the 1860s? 11. List two disadvantages of the telegraph.
12. Alexander Graham Bell invented the. 13. Bells company was called which later became. 14. Nikolaus Otto invented the. 15. Two advantages of the gasoline motor were: 16. What achievement is credit with:
6.2 Big Business / 16 points The Growth of Big Business free enterprise = Another name for free enterprise = Two ways the government aided entrepreneurs: Corporations (5 facts): Business Leaders Vertical Integration: Define: Example of a famous entrepreneur who used it and his companies name: Horizontal Integration: Define: Example of a famous entrepreneur who used it and his companies name:
6.3 Industrial Workers / 16 points The Knights of Labor The AFL The Haymarket Riot The Homestead Strike Sum mari ze each of the follo wing. Be sure to tell who, what, why, wher e and whe n for each. Also, tell the resul t of each.
6.4 Notes Populism /10 points Rural Unrest 1680-1900 US pop. doubled number of farms tripled farmers borrowed money for land and machinery more mechanized = faster production resulted in lower prices farmers increased production pushed prices lower by 1880 ¼ of all farms rented by tenants those who could not afford to rent became laborers farmers blamed businesspeople: 1. wholesalers 2. brokers 3. grain buyers 4. grain elevator operators 5. railroad owners farmers responded by organizing associations The National Grange clerical worker for dept. of agriculture Kelley and other clerks founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry 1867 National Grange social and educational organization for farmers Wanted to ease isolation and improve living standards Local granges established 1.5 m members by 1874 established cooperatives to by goods in bulk formed cooperatives to sell in groups to control prices, these failed 1. run by inexperienced businessmen 2. banks, merchants and railroads organized to oppose cooperatives grange shifted its focus to politics campaigned for candidates who supported farmers goals demanded regulation of railroads and grain elevators wanted lower rates = court said govt. did not have the right to regulate railroads and other businesses 1886 Wabash v. Illinois = federal govt. could only regulate companies that did business across state lines. Lines within states regulated by states = February 1887 provide uniform national regulations over trade between the states (ICC) = formed by interstate commerce act. Ensure that railroads charged fair rates and did not discriminate in favor of big shippers. Lacked any power to enforce its regulations
Money Issues Farmers problems involved money issues debt, credit and low crop prices Thought assistance would come from national legislation that affected the money supply gold and silver were coined and paper money was worth a specific amount of gold or silver placed US on a = only gold could back US currency Due to gold standard, money supply grew at a slower rate than the pop. Deflation resulted shrinking of money supply and a general lowering of prices Farmers supported coining silver to create inflation Hoped prices for farm products would rise Feb 1878 Bland-Allison Act allowed limited silver coinage Greenback party = favored inflating the money supply with paper not backed by gold or silver = Increased the amount of silver purchased for coinage Farmers Alliances Formed political org. to increase power Tried to elect candidates Known as Farmers Alliances More politically active than the Grange Called for increased railroad regulation and lower interest rates Populist Party Conference Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1891 Alliance leaders, reps from labor and reform organizations Agreed to organize new political party People s Party known as Populist Party 1892- First national convention Omaha, Nebraska goals: 1. remove influence of big business on govt., 2. provide greater democracy 3. govt. ownership of railroads, telephone ad telegraph 4. free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold 5. Supported eight hour workday 6. immigration restrictions 1892 election James B. Weaver won 1 million votes = 8.5 % Panic of 1893 Grover Cleveland president Philadelphia and Reading Railroad failed Unemployment and strikes in protest of reduced wages Sold investments in exchange for gold Gold drain Depositors exchanged paper and silver for gold at federal banks Shortage of gold reserves