Unit #1 Snapshot Dr. Hartnell s How d We Get Here? Unit covers an enormous amount of time from the Neolithic Revolution up to the end of Reconstruction in the United States in 1877. By following an economic theme, Dr. Hartnell shows students how world events impacted the development of the U.S. There would be no U.S. if there had been no revolution against England over high taxation. There would have been no high taxation if the French and Indian War had not drained the English treasury. There would have been no French and Indian War if England and France had not been competing for colonies in the New World. There would have been no exploration and colonization in the New World if Christopher Columbus hadn t gotten lost and wound up on this side of the globe. Columbus wouldn t have been out-and-about if he hadn t been trying to find a water route to India and Asia. There wouldn t have been a need to find a water route to India and Asia if Muslims hadn t cut off trade along the Silk Road through the Middle East. Muslims wouldn t have cut off this trade if the Crusades hadn t become a horrific onslaught by European Christians. The Crusades wouldn t have become a horrific onslaught if greed hadn t driven the Pope to want more than retaking the Holy Land of Jerusalem. Muslims wouldn t have been able to capture the Holy Land if the Roman Empire hadn t fallen and disintegrated into warring feudal states. The Roman Empire wouldn t have fallen if it hadn t grown too large and been able to protect its borders. Rome s domination was based on a blueprint first established by the Ancient Greeks, Indians, Chinese, and Egyptians. Through all of this, students will be able to trace the role played by economics in the development, prosperity, decline, destruction, and warfare of civilizations from Ancient History until 1877 and show how the economic history of the U.S. is immensely linked to the development of Western civilization. This unit was designed to provide a brief (but sufficient) review of all the material students should have learned and mastered before entering their 9 th Grade year. Because students come from different schools and bring with them different experiences, Dr. Hartnell provides this chance for review in order to make sure that all students begin at the same place their 9 th Grade year. While the unit may be easy for some, it could prove difficult for others due to the extensive amount of information covered. As such, Dr. Hartnell will use Essential Questions (or EQs) to guide the class through all of his units. Knowing these EQs and following them as units unfold will help ensure student success on End-of-Unit Assessments. The smartest way to prepare for Dr. Hartnell s assessments is to do your best to answer these EQs during every lecture/discussion. Then you should review (and complete) your answers after class has ended. By chipping away at this EQ guide as the unit unfolds, you ll easily be able to study for the assessment because you won t have to track down the answers the night before the test. Your assessment grade will be broken down into scores of 1, 2, 3, or 4 (with 3 and 4 being acceptable signs of mastery ) for each of the EQs in every unit. More information on re-assessment and how the process works can be found at www.drhartnell.com. Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 1 ** 2016 Hartnell University
Unit #1 Essential Questions EQ 1.01. Answer the following questions concerning history: a. What is it? b. Why may it be one big lie? c. What role do archeologists and anthropologists play in recording and interpreting the past? d. Who was Herodotus? Why are his observations about the past often discredited today? EQ 1.02. Answer the following questions concerning the Neolithic Revolution: a. When did it occur? b. Where did it occur? c. What happened? d. Why is it considered the most important change in human history? EQ 1.03. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient Mesopotamia: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What major river(s) did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? How was society organized? d. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 2 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.04. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient Egypt: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What major river(s) did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? How was society organized? d. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? EQ 1.05. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient India: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What major river(s) did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? How was society organized? d. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? EQ 1.06. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient China: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What major river(s) did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? How was society organized? d. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 3 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.07. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient Mesoamerica: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What body of water did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? How was society organized? d. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? EQ 1.08. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient Greece: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What body of water did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. How was this ancient civilization s society organized? d. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? e. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? EQ 1.09. Answer the following questions concerning Ancient Rome: a. Where was this ancient civilization located? What body of water did it grow up alongside? b. What kind of religious practices did its people celebrate? c. How was this ancient civilization s society organized? d. What kind of government was in place for this ancient civilization? e. What contributions to the world did this ancient civilization make? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 4 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.10. Answer the following questions concerning these religions/philosophies: a. Judaism Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. b. Christianity Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. c. Islam Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. d. Buddhism Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. e. Confucianism Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. f. Hinduism Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. g. Taoism Name one key leader. Name one key idea/principle. EQ 1.11. How did the early form of democracy in Ancient Greece impact the future United States? EQ 1.12. Compare the fall of the Roman Empire with the possible fall of the United States by providing (and explaining) 3 things the two great empires have in common. Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 5 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.13. Answer the following questions about the 3 heirs of the Roman Empire that emerged following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. a. Western Europe What was feudalism, seignorialism, manorialism, and bastard feudalism? How did feudalism result in the writing of the Magna Carta in England? What impact did the Magna Carta have on law in the future United States? b. Byzantine Empire What made this former Eastern Roman Empire unique from its western counterpart in Rome? What allowed this half to survive until 1453? c. Islamic World Why did the expansion of Islam into areas once controlled by Rome pose a major threat to Europe and the Byzantine Empire? What major conflict resulted from Islamic expansion into the Middle East? EQ 1.14. Explain the role that warfare played during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance by answering the following questions: a. What was 1 cause, 1 key event/battle, and 1 result of the Crusades (1095-1272)? b. What was 1 cause, 1 key event/battle, and 1 result of Scottish independence (1296-1328)? c. What was 1 cause, 1 key event/battle, and 1 result of The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)? EQ 1.15. How did the Crusades cause the Renaissance in Italy and the Age of Exploration in Europe? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 6 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.16. What impact did the Black Plague have on European society? How did the disease start, spread, and kill? Why did it disappear almost as quickly as it arrived? EQ 1.17. Explain how the Renaissance contributed to the growth, development, and advancement of society by answering the following questions: a. Name 1 famous Renaissance scientist/inventor. What did this individual do that was so great? b. Name 1 famous Renaissance writer. What did this individual do that was so great? c. Name 1 famous Renaissance artist/musician. What did this individual do that was so great? d. Name 1 famous Renaissance explorer. What did this individual do that was so great? e. Name 1 famous Renaissance reformer. What did this individual do that was so great? EQ 1.18. What is the difference between colonialism and imperialism? Give 1 example of each. EQ 1.19. What are the 4 causes of colonialism? Explain each cause. Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 7 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.20. What did the following explorers discover and/or accomplish? a. Leif Erickson. b. Christopher Columbus. c. Amerigo Vespucci. d. Vasco de Gama. e. Ferdinand Magellan. EQ 1.21. What were the differences between the colonies developed by Spain, France, and England? Why did Native Americans prefer the French over the Spanish and English? EQ 1.22. What was 1 cause, 1 key event/battle, and 1 result of the French & Indian War (1754-1763)? EQ 1.23. What is the difference between a revolution, a war of independence, and a revolt? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 8 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.24. Explain the sources of conflict that led to the American Revolution (1775-1783) by answering the following questions: a. What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? b. What was the Sugar Act of 1764? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? c. What was the Currency Act of 1764? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? d. What was the Stamp Act of 1765? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? e. What was the Quartering Act of 1765? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? f. What were the Townshend Acts of 1767? Why were they passed? What was America s reaction? g. What was the Tea Act of 1773? Why was it passed? What was America s reaction? h. What were the Restraining Acts of 1775? Why were they passed? What was America s reaction? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 9 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.25. Show connections between Enlightenment thinkers and the leaders of pre- Revolutionary America by explaining what the American Founding Fathers ripped off from the following: a. English Common Law. b. Magna Carta. c. Mayflower Compact. d. Petition of Right. e. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. f. Body of Liberties. g. Hobbes Leviathan. h. English Bill of Rights. i. Locke s Two Treatises of Civil Government. j. Montesquieu s Spirit of Laws. k. Rousseau s Social Contract. EQ 1.26. Explain the tactics of the Patriots and British during the American Revolution (1775-1783) by explaining the following key battles of the conflict: a. Battles of Lexington, Concord, and North Bridge When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? b. Battle of Bunker Hill When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? c. Battle of Saratoga When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? d. Siege of Yorktown When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 10 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.27. Explain the importance of these historic documents by answering the following questions: a. The Declaration of Independence How did this document reflect both an application of ideas from the Age of Enlightenment and grievances of British subjects in the American colonies? b. The Northwest Ordinance How did this document address a need for government in the Northwest Territory? How did it establish precedents for the future U.S. Government? c. The Articles of Confederation How did problems facing the Federal Government under this document result in the drafting of the Constitution of the United States? d. The Federalist Papers & The Anti-Federalist Papers How did these documents structure a national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States? e. The Constitution of the United States How did the framers of this document apply ideas from the Age of Enlightenment to the new U.S. Government? f. The Bill of Rights How was this document compiled from English Law, ideas of the Enlightenment, the experiences of the American colonists, early experiences of self-government, and the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States? EQ 1.28. What is a republic? What is a democracy? How should the U.S. be categorized? Why? Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 11 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.29. Provide a 1 sentence description for each of the 27 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 12 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.30. What is Manifest Destiny? Explain what role it played in the territorial expansion of the United States by discussing its role in the following documents/events/wars: a. Louisiana Purchase (1803). b. Indian Removal Act (1830). c. Mexican-American War (1846-1848). EQ 1.31. Trace the history of states rights and secession from America s early days to the eve of the War Between the States by explaining how the following items/events/people caused the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865): a. Political parties. b. John Adams. c. Louisiana Purchase. d. War of 1812. e. Tariffs. f. Manifest Destiny. g. Compromises. h. Legal System. i. Abolitionists. j. Abraham Lincoln. Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 13 ** 2016 Hartnell University
EQ 1.32. Explain the following key battles/events of the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865): a. Battle of Fort Sumter When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? b. First Battle of Bull Run When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? c. Battle of Antietam When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? d. Emancipation Proclamation When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? e. Battle of Gettysburg When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? f. Siege of Petersburg When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? g. Sherman s March to the Sea When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? h. Appomattox Courthouse When? Where? Winner? Impact on war? EQ 1.33. What impact did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments (a.k.a. the Reconstruction Amendments ) have on the United States? Why is the 14th Amendment one of the most-used and most-referenced Amendments today? EQ 1.34. How did the South use Jim Crow Laws to get around Federal legislation that was designed to help former slaves, and, later, all African-Americans? EQ 1.35. Provide 2 reasons why Reconstruction (1865-1877) was a success and 2 reasons why it was a failure. END OF UNIT #1 Unit #1 Essential Questions ** Page 14 ** 2016 Hartnell University