Unit 7 Our First Government Name Date Period Essential Questions (What I need to know): Date Bellwork Answer(s) 1. What is government? 2. How did the first United States government operate? 3. How did the New York State Constitution reflect the principles embodied in the Declaration of Independence? 4. Why was a new Constitution necessary? Unit 7 Grading Rubric: Vocabulary (pg 2 3) /8 Notes I (pg. 4) /5 Notes II (pg. 5-6) /5 AoC Chart (pg. 7-8) /10 AoC - HW (pg. 9-10) /5 Land Ordinance/NW Ordinance (pg. 11-12) /5 Political Cartoon (pg. 13) /5 Notes III and IV (pg. 14) /5 Study Guide (pg. 15-16) /10 Score for Part A /58 = % 1
Definition Characteristics Definition Characteristics 5. Unit 1vocabulary constitution governor Examples Non-Examples Examples Non-Examples Definition Characteristics Definition Characteristics federal confederation Examples Non-Examples Examples Non-Examples 2
Definition Characteristics Definition Characteristics ordinance bicameral legislature Examples Non-Examples Examples Non-Examples Definition Characteristics Definition Characteristics limited government delegate Examples Non-Examples Examples Non-Examples 3
Unit 6: Our First Government Stars and Bars Notes Name Date Period I New York State Constitution 1. After the Revolution, each state wrote its own state constitution and new governors to replace royal governors. 2. Important leader: - author of the NYS Constitution 3. First capital of New York was 4. Established a branch government: Legislative ( the law), Executive ( the law), and Judicial ( the law and criminals). 5. : first governor (Head of Executive Branch) 6. Bicameral Legislature : Upper House; served a 4-year term : Lower House; served a 1-year term 7. Included a to protect the individual rights of citizens 8. Served as a model for the Hey! What s the BIG IDEA? The New York State Constitution set up and government with three branches (Executive, Legislative, and Judicial). It established a two-house legislature (Senate and Assembly). George Clinton /5 4
II Articles of Confederation 1. Second Continental Congress realized we needed a or government to oversee the states. 2. June 1776 committee of 13 (1 from each state) met to create a constitution 3. Leaders were afraid of having a central government that was too (Remember:!) 4. Approved by Congress in 1777 and sent to the states to 5. Small states without western lands refused to ratify because large states could sell their western lands to make money. When the large states gave up their western lands to the national government, the Articles were put into effect. 6. Structure: 1 branch of government (called ); each state got 1 vote (equal representation) Congress had the power to: print and borrow money, negotiate (make) treaties with foreign countries and Native Americans, resolve conflicts between states, could ask for $$ and soldiers from the states but could not force them to contribute. 7. Important: The had more power than Congress!!!! 8. Strengths: Developed the concept of Limited Government: Everyone MUST follow the law Regular people and Government officials ( ) Land Ordinance of 1785: Congress divided up the western lands into and the further into acres. One lot was set aside for a public, four for Revolutionary War veterans and the rest was sold for an acre. Northwest Ordinance of 1787: Established the (Present-day states of IL, IN, MI, OH, WI). When 60,000 people moved into the territory they could write a constitution and become a. NO was allowed. 5
9. Weaknesses: Most power held by the No No national system No to protect citizens and enforce treaties Difficulty gaining trade agreements with foreign countries (could not collect tariffs) No power to enforce Difficulty passing (laws) No power to (no $$$$$$$) Hey! What s the BIG IDEA? The Articles of Confederation established a very weak central government with only one branch Congress. There was no president or national courts, and did not have to power to tax. /5 6
Articles of Confederation After declaring independence from Great Britain in 1776, the former colonies each wrote their own state constitutions. However, many people believed there was a need for a centralized national government. The Second Continental Congress developed a plan for government that became known as the Articled of Confederation. Powers Strength or Weakness Why it s good or bad Possible Solution (if weakness) No Executive (President) Could coin (print) money States had more power than the federal government No national court system Could make treaties with other countries 7
Powers Strength or Weakness Why it s good or bad Possible Solution (if weakness) Could not collect taxes Can declare war Can make an army/navy but must borrow the soldiers from the states Could establish Post Offices Could admit new states Could not control trade between states Could borrow money 8 /10
The Articles of Confederation HW During the Revolutionary War, the United Colonies needed a document to govern the lands then struggling to be free from England s rule. The Article of Confederation became the first national constitution of the United States in March of 1781. The Articles of Confederation established a government organized around a Congress. Each of the thirteen states would have only one vote regardless of size or population. For a law to pass, nine of the thirteen states had to agree. The Congress had the power to declare war, make peace, and make treaties. It could also coin and borrow money, create post offices, admit new states, and create an army and navy. On the other hand, the Congress could not tax, and it could not control or interfere with trade between the individual states. There was no one person who was in charge of this new government. Because they feared the return of tyranny, the founding fathers were very cautious not to create a new king that was exactly why they had separated from England. So, as a result, there was no executive to carry out the laws passed by Congress. Ultimately, this lack of a leader caused much confusion. The Articles of Confederation created a loose friendship between the thirteen states. This loose friendship was enough to win the War for Independence and keep the states together as one country. But without an executive, the power to tax, and the ability to regulate trade, the Congress could not function effectively. Many Americans felt the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised. By 1786, more problems were beginning to surface. A convention of five of the thirteen states, called the Annapolis Convention, met at Annapolis, Maryland, in September, 1786. They met to study the trade problem. There was not enough The Articles of Confederation Alexander Hamilton, James Wilson, James Madison and Benjamin Franklin representation to make any big decisions, so the delegates led by Alexander Hamilton (New York) and James Madison (Virginia) called for another convention to begin in May, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In February of that year, Congress agreed with the delegates and stated the convention would have the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. 9
1. What was the first national government of the United States? 2. When did our first government begin to govern the United States? 3. For a law to pass, how many states had to agree? 4. What were the powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation? 5. What could Congress NOT do under the Articles? 6. Why was there no executive under the Articles? 7. What meeting occurred in September, 1786? What was its purpose? 8. What was scheduled to happen in May, 1787? Why? /5 10
Land Ordinance of 1785 1. Why did Congress pass the Land Ordinance of 1785? 2. What does the word survey mean? 3. Why didn t a lot of people move west after the ordinance was passed? 4. How did speculation companies help increase the number of people moving to the Northwest Territory? 11
Northwest Territory, c. 1790 1. What is the title of this map? 2. What two rivers appear to make up the southern and western boundaries of the Northwest Territory? 3. List the states that share a border with the Northwest Territory. 4. Which of the Great Lakes touch the Northwest Territory? /5 12
Political Cartoon: Articles of Confederation Rough Sailing Ahead 1. What does the ship represent? 2. What do the waves represent? 3. According to this cartoon, what are three problems this ship has to face? 4. What point is the author/artist trying to make? What is the main idea? 13 /5
III Shays Rebellion 1. Massachusetts farmers went into having to pay new taxes (to pay off war debts) without much gold or silver, and no paper money. 2. Courts forced them to sell their property to pay their debts or go to debtors prison. They asked for help from the Massachusetts Legislature but were refused. 3. led a rebellion to protest, but it failed. 4. Impact: Hey! What s the BIG IDEA? Shays Rebellion showed that the national government was too weak and needed to be changed. IV Annapolis Convention Daniel Shays 1. Only states sent delegates. 2. Decided: 3. Called for a larger convention to meet in Philadelphia Hey! What s the BIG IDEA? At the Annapolis Convention, delegates decided that there were not enough states represented to make changes to the AoC,. A larger convention in Philadelphia was planned. 14 /5
Unit 7: Our New Government Study Guide Questions Name Date Period Answer each of the following questions to the best of your ability. When completed it will be the study guide for the unit test. I. I can explain the purpose and structure of New York State government. 1. How many branches are in the New York State government? What are they? What is the purpose of each? 2. Who was NYS s first governor? 3. What are the two houses in the NYS legislature? 4. Why is the NYS Constitution significant/important? II. I can explain the purpose and structure of the first government of the United States, and am able to analyze it s strengths and weaknesses. 5. What did leaders fear when creating the first government of the United States? 6. How was the government structured under the Articles of Confederation? 7. Who/what had the most power under the Articles of Confederation? 8. What is Limited Government? 15
9. What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation? 10. What was the purpose of the Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance? 11. What were THREE weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? III. I can explain the significance of Shays Rebellion. 12. What was the significance/importance of Shays Rebellion? IV. I am able to explain what was decided at the Annapolis Convention. 13. What was decided at the Annapolis Convention? 16