Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Instructions 1. The report was analyzed through the use of weighted value based on sampling in order to provide statistics related to North Korean refugees. 2. If respondents age is not specified, they are considered as 13 years old or older, and if it pertains to those aged 19 to 60, the subjects are specified in pertinent questions. 3. As for items compared with South Korea, comparisons were made with statistics indicated in NSO Social Survey and footnotes of each item. As statistics subject to comparison vary depending on subjects to survey, methods of survey and the time of survey, make sure to use precautions when interpreting. 4. Since statistics and figures (including names) within diagrams are rounded off to the nearest integer, the total of the detailed items might not correspond with the total. 5. As for individual questions aimed to figure out details, the number of respondents might be small, therefore make sure to use precautions when interpreting a statistical chart based on a small number of samples. 6. Unknown/No response was included in analyses aimed to figure out specific gravity, but it was excluded in analyses aimed to obtain average. 7. Statistical value might change in data used in analyses in the process of classifying additional data. 8. Names in each statistical chart indicate the number of surveyed samples and weighted value-applied rate was indicated based on the assumption of population. 9. The 2013 social survey was conducted of respondents aged 20 or older and the 2015 social survey was conducted of respondents aged 13 or older, so precautions need to be used in interpreting results at a time of direct comparison of survey results.

2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea Ⅰ. Overview 3 Ⅱ. General welfare 5 Ⅲ. Social participation 24 Ⅳ. Culture & leisure 37 Ⅴ. Work 55 Ⅵ. Income and consumption 65

Ⅰ Subject to survey Purpose of survey History Number of samples Extraction of samples A method of survey Overview 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea North Korean refugees aged 13 or older among those who entered South Korea from 1997 to 2014 To figure out social concerns and quality of life facing North Korean refugees as members of the society and generate basis data required to establish social policy and conduct analyses Conducted 2013 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (2,000 persons)(every two years by sector) (Of a total of 10 sectors, five sectors including welfare, social participation, culture & leisure, income & consumption and labor were analyzed) Conducted 2014 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (2,000 persons) (Of a total of 10 sectors, five sectors including education, healthcare, family, safety and environment were analyzed) Conducted 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (2,419 persons) (Of a total of 10 sectors, five sectors including general welfare, social participation, culture & leisure, labor and income & consumption) 24,850 subjects / targeting about 3,000 / 2,419 persons completed 80.6% completed Use of stratified spot sampling Stratification: Residential area (2) Gender (2) Age (5) Residential period in South Korea (2) = 40 strata Sample size : Selection of 3,000 samples (Sampling error 95%, confidence interval ±2%) Face-to-face interviews based on structured questionnaires Conducted by specialized counselors affiliated with the foundation Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Main contents Period Respondents demographic characteristics General welfare sector Social participation sector Culture & leisure activity Labor sector Income & consumption sector July 1, 2015 ~ September 7, 2015 (About 2 months) Income and consumption 3

Respondents demographic characteristics Distinction Number of samples Ratio (%) All 2,419 Non-weighted Weighted 100.0% 100.0% Gender Age Residential area Period of residence in South Korea Educational background in South Korea Educational background in North Korea Economic activity Degree of Satisfaction with life Male 865 35.8% 26.3% Female 1,554 64.2% 73.7% Aged 13 to 19 235 9.7% 4.2% Those in their 20s 440 18.2% 18.8% Those in their 30s 518 21.4% 26.5% Those in their 40s 652 27.0% 31.3% Those in their 50s 341 14.1% 11.9% Aged 60 or older 233 9.6% 7.2% Capital area 1,307 54.0% 63.7% Seoul 505 20.9% 22.5% Incheon 203 8.4% 9.9% Gyeonggi 599 24.8% 31.3% Non-capital area 1,112 46.0% 36.3% 1 to 3 years 417 17.2% 24.3% 3 to 5 years 523 21.6% 31.4% 5 to 10 years 1,032 42.7% 33.7% 10 years or longer 447 18.5% 10.7% Elementary school graduates 1,618 66.9% 71.3% Middle school graduates 114 4.7% 2.3% High school graduates 211 8.7% 6.9% College graduates or higher 375 15.5% 15.5% Others / No response 101 4.2% 3.9% Primary school graduates or lower 709 29.3% 23.8% Middle school graduates 1,405 58.1% 62.1% Technical school graduates 178 7.4% 8.3% College graduates or higher 121 5.0% 5.3% Others/No response 6 0.2% 0.5% The employed 1,202 52.4% 51.9% The unemployed 104 4.5% 4.6% Non-economic activity 990 43.1% 38.1% Satisfied 1,569 64.9% 63.8% Average 756 31.3% 32.8% Dissatisfied 94 3.9% 3.5% 4 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Ⅱ (1) Public facilities that need to be expanded in the future As for public facilities that need to be expanded in the future, 20.6% of respondents cited healthcare & medical facilities (public hospitals, health centers and etc.) (Based on the first place) Public facilities that need to be expanded in the future Healthcare & medical facilities (Public hospitals, health centers and etc.) National & public day care centers (Kinder gartens) General welfare Public facilities related to North Korean refugees (Korea Hana Foundation, Hana Center and etc.) Social welfare facilities (Welfare facilities for the disabled and the elder) Public parking facilities 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Park, green & trail Library Sports facilities & sports stadium Culture & arts center (Civic center and etc.) (2) Welfare services that need to be expanded in the future Others No response As for welfare services that need to be expanded in the future, 40.6% of respondents cited employment service (Based on the first place) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 5

Welfare services that need to be expanded in the future 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Employment support service Health and medical treatment & healthcare service Childcare & educationrelated service Housingrelated service Income support service Leisure & cultural life support service Safetyrelated service Others No response (3) Change in living conditions from three years ago As a result of survey aimed to figure out how living conditions in the Korean society have changed for the past three years in four areas such as healthcare & medical service, social welfare system, culture & leisure activity and overall living conditions, almost 40% of respondents said that they got better, and only a little more than 10% of respondents said that they got worse. Change in living conditions from three years ago (n=2,239. Unit : %) Improved No change Deteriorated No response 1) Healthcare & medical service 2) Social welfare system 3) Culture & leisure activity 4) Overall living conditions 6 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

The rate of North Korean refugees who found healthcare & medical service, social welfare system, culture & leisure activity and overall living conditions improved from three years ago in the social survey turned out to be lower than the rate generated in the National Statistical Office (NSO) Survey conducted three years ago, but the degree of overall satisfaction was similar. Change in living conditions from three years ago in comparison with social survey conducted by National Statistical Office 1) Healthcare & medical service Improved No change Deteriorated Unknown/No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 2015 Social Survey by National Statistical Office (n=2,239. Unit : %) Change in living conditions from three years ago compared to NSO Social Survey 2) Social welfare system Improved No change Deteriorated Unknown/No response (n=2,239. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 7

Change in living conditions from three years ago compared to NSO Social Survey 3) Culture & leisure activity Improved No change Deteriorated Unknown/No response (n=2,239. Unit : %) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Change in living conditions from three years ago compared to NSO Social Survey 4) Overall living conditions (n=2,239. Unit : %) Improved No change Deteriorated Unknown/No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Note 1) Refer to Note 2) Satisfied includes Very satisfied and Somewhat satisfied, and Dissatisfied includes Very dissatisfied and Somewhat dissatisfied. (4) The degree of burden of social insurance against income As a result of survey on the degree of burden of social insurance against income, 16.5% of respondents said that health insurance is burdensome, and 16.1% of respondents said that national pension is burdensome. In the meantime, 13.3% of respondents found health insurance not burdening and 14.2% of respondents found national income not burdening. 8 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

The degree of burden of social insurance against income 1) Health insurance 2) National pension 3) Unemployment insurance Burdensome Average Not burdensome (n=2,239. Unit : %) As a result of comparison with NSO Social Survey, the highest number of North Korean refugees pertained to not applicable in terms of health insurance, national pension and unemployment insurance, which indicates differences from NSO Social Survey where the highest number of respondents pertained to burdensome. The degree of burden of social insurance against NSO Social Survey 1) Health insurance Burdensome Average Not burdensome Not applicable Not applicable No response (n=2,239. Unit : %) No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 9

The degree of burden of social insurance against NSO Social Survey 2) National pension (n=2,239. Unit : %) Burdensome Average Not burdensome Not applicable No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees The degree of burden of social insurance against NSO Social Survey 3) Unemployment insurance (n=2,239. Unit : %) Burdensome Average Not burdensome Not applicable No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Note 1) Refer to Note 2) Satisfied includes Very satisfied and Somewhat satisfied, and Unsatisfied includes Very unsatisfied and Somewhat unsatisfied. (5) A desired method of funeral service in the future As for a desired method of funeral service in the future, 35.6% of respondents cited enshrinement after cremation (cinerarium, charnel house and etc.), and it was followed by natural burial after cremation (woodland burial, grass burial and etc.) (34.5%). 10 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

A desired method of funeral service in the future Enshrinement after cremation (Cinerarium, charnel house and etc.) (n=2,239. Unit : %) Unlike the result of NSO Social Survey where the largest number of respondents favored natural burial after cremation (woodland burial, grass burial and etc.), the largest number of North Korean refugees preferred enshrinement after cremation (cinerarium, charnel house and etc.). A desired method of funeral service in the future compared to NSO Social Survey Enshrinement after cremation (Cinerarium, charnel house and etc.) Natural burial after cremation (Woodland burial, grass burial and etc.) Burial (Cemetery) Natural burial after cremation (Woodland burial, grass burial and etc.) Burial (Cemetery) Others Others No response (n=2,239. Unit : %) No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Note 1) Refer to Note 2) Satisfied combines Very satisfied and Somewhat satisfied, and Unsatisfied combines Very unsatisfied and Somewhat unsatisfied. Income and consumption 11

(6) Preparation for old age As for preparation for old age, 65.1% of respondents said that they are not prepared and 33.7% of respondents said that they are prepared, which indicates that a larger number of North Korean refugees found themselves not prepared for old age. Preparation for old age No response, 1.2 (n=2,239. Unit : %) Prepared, 33.7 Not prepared, 65.1 The result of NSO Social Survey (on the general public of South Koreans) showed that 72.6% of respondents found themselves prepared for old age, but only 33.7% of North Korean refugees found themselves prepared for old age, which indicates that the rate of preparedness for old age on the part of North Korean refugees is much lower than South Koreans. Preparation for old age in comparison with NSO Social Survey Prepared Not prepared No response (n=2,239. Unit : %) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 12 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(6-1) Main contents of preparation for old age As for the main contents of preparation for old age, the largest number of respondents cited national pension (based on the first place, 46.5%) Main contents of preparation for old age National pension Savings, installment savings & savings insurance Private pension (Personal pension based on banks and insurers) Property operation 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Retirement benefit, retirement pension and etc.) Public pension (public servants, soldiers & teachers) Stocks and bonds Others (n=765. Unit : %) No response Like the results of NSO Social Survey (based on the first place), the social survey on North Korean refugees also showed that the largest number of respondents cited national pension as the main content of preparation for old age, and it was followed by savings, installment savings and saving insurance and private pension (personal pension based on banks and insurers), which indicates that both surveys generated similar outcome. Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 13

Main contents of preparation for old age compared to NSO Social Survey (n=765. Unit : %) National pension Private pension (personal pension based on banks and insurers) Retirement payment (retirement benefit & retirement pension) Stocks, bonds and etc. No response Savings, installment savings & saving insurance Operation of property Public pension (Public servants, soldiers & teachers) Others 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (6-2) Reasons for not preparing for old age Of those who said that they are not preparing for old age, 40.8% of respondents cited a lack of ability to prepare for old age as a reason, and 35.3% of them said that they plan to prepare for it in the future. Reasons for not preparing for old age (n=1,434. Unit : %) A lack of ability to prepare for old age Plan to prepare for old age in the future Have yet to think about it Rely on No response 14 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

As for those who said that they are not preparing for old age, the highest number of respondents cited a lack of ability to prepare for old age as a reason, and it was followed by plan to prepare for old age in both surveys. In the meantime, only 1.3% of North Korean refugees cited reliance on children, but the rate was as high as 14.4% among South Korean respondents in the NSO Social Survey. Reasons for not preparing for old age in comparison with NSO Social Survey A lack of ability to prepare for old age Rely on children 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Plan to prepare for old No response age (7) A method of preparing living expenses (n=1,434. Unit : %) As for a question on how to make living expenses, 61.7% of respondents cited government and social organizations (governmental support and etc.) as a way to prepare living expenses. A method of preparing living expenses Have yet to think about it (n=233. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Respondent & his or her spouse Children or relatives Government and social organizations (Governmental support and etc.) Others No response Income and consumption 15

The highest number of South Korean respondents in the NSO Social Survey cited respondent & his or her spouse whereas the highest number of North Korean refugees participating in the social survey cited government and social organizations (governmental support and etc.). A method of making living expenses compared to NSO Social Survey Respondent & his or her pouse Children or relatives Government and social organizations (Governmental support and etc.) Others (n=233. Unit : %) No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (8) Income type of respondents and their spouses Of those who said that they are responsible for living expenses along with their spouses, 89.0% of respondents cited earned income & business income as their income type. Income type of respondents and their spouses (n=60 Unit : %) Earned income & business income Pension (including personal pension & retirement benefit) and retirement payment Savings (Installment savings) No response 16 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(8-1) Cohabitation with family members who support living expenses Of those who said that their children or relatives support living expenses, 64.0% of respondents said that they live together with their family members who support living expenses, and 36.0% of them said that they do not cohabit with their family members responsible for living expenses. Cohabitation with family members who support living expenses No cohabitation, 36.0 Cohabitation, 64.0 (n=17. Unit : %) In comparison with NSO Social Survey where 50.2% of South Korean respondents said that they cohabit with their family members responsible for living expenses, as high as 64.0% of respondents in the social survey on North Korean refugees said that they live together with their family members who support living expenses. Cohabitation with family members responsible for living expenses in comparison with NSO Social Survey Cohabitation Not cohabitation (n=17. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean f Income and consumption 17

(8-2) The total number of children As for those aged 60 or older, 28.3% of respondents said that they have three children including those living in a third country or in North Korea, and 27.0% of respondents said that they have two children. The total number of children (n=233. Unit : %) 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more No response (8-3) Cohabitation with children As for those aged 60 or older, 80.5% of respondents said that they don t cohabit with their children, and 13.3% of them said that they cohabit with their children. Cohabitation with children No response, 6.2 Cohabition, 13.3 (n=233. Unit : %) Not cohabitation, 80.5 18 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Compared to NSO Social Survey, respondents in the two surveys were similar in that more than 50% of them do not live together with their children, but only 13.3% of North Korean refugees said that they live together with their children whereas as high as 31.6% of South Koreans said that they cohabit with their children. Cohabitation with their children compared to NSO Social Survey Cohabit 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Not cohabit (8-4) Reasons for cohabitation with their children (n=233. Unit : %) As for those who cohabit with their children, 31.5% of respondents cited impossible to support themselves (income, health and etc.). Reasons for cohabitation with their children No response (n=29. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Impossible to support themselves (income, health and etc.) Impossible for children to support themselves (for economic and health conditions) Want to live together despite independent capability Children are still students or minors Grandchildren s upbringing and household chores Others Income and consumption 19

Compared to NSO Social Survey, a large number of respondents cited impossible to support themselves (income, health and etc.), impossible for their children to support themselves (for economic and health conditions) and want to live together despite independent capability as a reason for cohabitation with their children. Reasons for cohabitation with their children compared to NSO Social Survey (n=29. Unit : %) Impossible to support themselves (income, health and etc.) Want to live together despite independent capability Grandchildren s upbringing and household chores Impossible for their children to support themselves (for economic and health conditions) Children are still students or minors Others 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (8-5) Reasons for not cohabiting with their children As for reasons for not cohabiting with their children, 32.7% of respondents cited convenient to live separately as a reason. Reasons for not cohabiting with their children (n=192. Unit : %) Convenient to live separately Children live in North Korea Possible to stand on their own feet(income, health and etc.) Afraid to burden children Children s job and school Sour Children relationships live in (including a China or sister-in-law in a and a third brother-in-law) country Others No response 20 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Compared to NSO Social Survey, the largest number of respondents (32.7% and 32.5%) in both surveys cited convenient to live separately as a reason for not cohabiting with their children, and similar patterns were indicated in other responses. Reasons for not cohabiting with their children compared to NSO Social Survey Convenient to live separately Possible to stand on their own feet (income, health and etc.) Children s job and school Children live in China or in a third country No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (n=192. Unit : %) Children live in North KAfraid to burden children Sour relationships (including a sister-in-law and a brother-in-law) Others (9) Desire for cohabitation with their children in the future As a result of survey on desire for cohabitation with their children in the future, it turned out that as high as 65.7% of respondents do not want to live together with their children, and that only 27.9% of respondents want to cohabit with their children. Desire for cohabitation with their children in the future No response, 6.4 Want to live together, 27.9 (n=233. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Not want to live together, 65.7 Income and consumption 21

Compared to NSO Social Survey, 27.9% of North Korean refugees said that they want to live together with their children and that 24.9% of South Koreans said that they want to live together with their children, which indicates that the rate of North Korean refugees who want to live together with their children is higher than that of South Koreans. Desire for cohabitation with their children compared to NSO Social Survey Want to live together Don t want to live together No response (n=233. Unit : %) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (9-1) Desired residential type without cohabitation with children As for those who don t want to live together with their children in the future, 81.2% of respondents said that they want to live in their own house. Desired residential type without cohabitation with their children (n=146. Unit : %) One s own house Nursing home & facilities Others No response 22 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Compared to NSO Social Survey, the largest number of respondents said that they want to live on their own house, and it was followed by nursing home & facilities. Desired residential type without cohabitation with children compared to NSO Social Survey One s own house 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Nursing home & facilities Others (n=146. Unit : %) No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 23

Ⅲ Social participation (1) Those from whom respondents can get help As for the number of people from whom respondents can get help in difficult situations, a larger number of respondents said that they have someone to help them if they are so sick that they can t deal with household chores, and if they are so depressed and distraught that they need someone to talk to than those who said that they have no one to talk to. Those from whom respondents can get help (n=2419. Unit : %, persons) Partici -pated Not partici -pated Average number of North Korean refugees Average number of South Koreans Whole average If I am so sick that I can t deal with household chores If I suddenly need to borrow a lot of money If I am so depressed or distraught that I need someone to talk to Compared to NSO Social Survey, as for the existence and average number of those from whom one can get help, South Koreans had more supporters than North Korean refugees in terms of if they are so sick that they need someone to deal with household chores, if they suddenly need to borrow a lot of money and if they are so depressed or distraught that they need someone to talk to. 24 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Those from whom respondents can get help in difficult situations compared to NSO Social Survey If I am so sick that I can t deal with household chores 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Average of North Korean refugees If they suddenly need to borrow a lot of money Average of South Koreans (2) Participation in group activity for the past one year (n=2419. Unit : %, persons) If they are so depressed or distraught that they need someone to talk to As for participation in group activity for the past one year, 75.0% of respondents said that they did not participate in group activity for the past one year, which is three times higher than those (25.0%) who said that they participated in group activity. Participation in group activity for the past one year Not participated in group activity, 75.0 Participated, 25.0 Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work The number of participants in group activity was almost equally divided in NSO Social Survey whereas a much larger number of North Korean refugees said that they did not participate in group activity, which indicates that the level of participation in group activity is lower among North Korean refugees. Income and consumption 25

Participation in group activity for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Participated Not participated 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (2-1) Types of participating organizations The largest number of respondents in both surveys said that they participated in religious organizations (jabiwon, mission, religious dogma society and etc.) for the past one year (Based on the first place 39.9%). Types of participating organizations 1 st place 1 st + 2 nd places (n=658. Unit : %) Religious groups (Jabiwon, mission, religious dogma society and etc.) Fraternal & social association (Gye, reunion and etc.) Civic organization (Environmental organization, volunteer groups and etc.) Hobby, sports & leisure activity organization Local community organization (Neighborhood meeting, tenants association and etc.) Academic associations Political organizations Interest group (Labor union, medical association, pharmaceutical association and etc.) Others No response 26 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(3) Initiation into organizations operated by North Korean refugees As for initiation into organizations operated by North Korean refugees, 87.2% of respondents said that they are not affiliated with organizations operated by North Korean refugees and only 12.8% of respondents are affiliated with organizations operated by North Korean refugees. Affiliation with organizations operated by North Korean refugees Not affiliated, 87.2 Affiliated, 12.8 (3-1) The degree of activity in organizations operated by North Korean refugees As for the degree of activity in organizations operated by North Korean refugees, the highest rate of respondents (38.8%) said that they passively took part. The degree of activity in organizations operated by North Korean refugees (n=327. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Actively participated Passively participated Not participated at all Income and consumption 27

(4) Donation for the past one year As for donations made in cash or in kind for the past one year, 82.4% (the highest rate) of respondents said that they made no donation. Donation for the past one year Donated only in cash Donated only in kind Donated both in cash and kind Not donated at all No response (4-1) Reasons for not making donations As for those who said that they did not make any donation, 66.7% of respondents cited a lack of financial resources as a reason, and it was followed by no interest in donation (12.4%). Reasons for not making donations (n=1,962. Unit : %) A lack of financial resources No interest in donation No direct request Don t know how to make donations Can t trust charity organizations Others No response 28 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(5) Intention to make donations within one year As for intention to make donations within one year, 53.8% of respondents said that they have no intention to make donations within one year, and 45.5% of respondents said that they intend to make donations within one year. Intention to make donations within one year No response, 0.7 Not intend to make donations, 53.8 Intend to make donations, 45.5 Compared to NSO Social Survey, 45.5% of North Korean refugees surveyed expressed their intention to make donations within one year, and 45.2% of South Koreans who responded to NSO Social Survey expressed their intention to make donations within one year. Intention to make donations within one year compared to NSO Social Survey Intend to make donations Not intend to make donations No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 29

(6) Participation in volunteer activity for the past one year As for participation in volunteer activity for the past one year, 76.7% of respondents said that they did not take part in volunteer activity for the past one year, and 23.3% of respondents said that they participated in volunteer activity during the period of time. Participation in volunteer activity for the past one year Participated, 23.3 Not participated, 76.7 Compared to NSO Social Survey, 23.3% of North Korean refugees said that they participated in volunteer activity for the past one year, and 18.2% of South Koreans said that they took part in volunteer activity during the period of time, which indicates that the rate of participation in volunteer activity is higher among North Korean refugees than among South Koreans. Participation in volunteer activity for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Participated Not participated 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 30 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(6-1) Annual frequency of participation by area of volunteer activity and average hours of participation per activity As for annual frequency of participation by area of volunteer activity, 9.89 volunteer activities were conducted with regard to children, youths, the elderly, the handicapped and prisoners on average per annum, and it was followed by volunteer work for the general public (1.09 times), environmental preservation/ crime prevention (0.58 times), rescue efforts to rescue residents in affected areas & restoration of facilities (0.38 times), national and local events (0.32 times) and child-rearing (0.22 times). Annual frequency of participation by area of volunteer activity and average hours of participation per activity 1. Related to children, youths, the elderly, the handicapped & prisoners 2. Related to environmental preservation/cri me prevention Annual frequency of participation 3. Related to education of children 4. Related to national and local events (n=632. Unit : Times & Hours) Average hours of participation per activity 5. Related to rescue efforts to help residents in affected areas & restoration of facilities 6. Related to volunteer work for the general pubic Compared to NSO Social Survey, North Korean refugees gave more weight to activities related to children, youths, the elderly, the handicapped and prisoners whereas ordinary South Koreans put more emphases on environmental preservation/ crime prevention, child-rearing, national and local events, rescue efforts in disasteraffected areas and facility restoration and volunteer work for ordinary citizens. Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 31

Annual frequency of participation by area of volunteer activity and average hours of participation per activity compared to NSO Social Survey (n=632. Unit : Times, Hours) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees average hours for North Korean refugees 2013 NSO Social Survey average hours for South Koreans average hours for ordinary Koreans 1. Related to children, youths, the elderly, the handicapped & prisoners 2. Related to environmental preservation/cri me prevention 3. Related to education of children 4. Related to national and local events 5. Related to rescue efforts to help residents in affected areas and restoration of facilities 6. Related to volunteer work for the general pubic As the results of were not announced with regard to the question, comparison was made with survey results in 2013. (7) How respondents came to know the volunteer activity in which they took part As for how respondents came to know the volunteer activity in which they took part, 45.3% of respondents cited through work places, schools and associated organizations (religious organizations), and it was followed by through recommendation by family members, friends and colleagues (15.3%). How respondents came to know the volunteer activity in which they took part (n=632. Unit : %) Through work places, schools and associated organizations (religious organizations) Through recommenda tion by family members, friends and colleagues Through public facilities related to North Korean refugees (Korea Hana Foundation, Hana Center and etc.) Through volunteer work organizations including volunteer work centers and social welfare association Through direct promotion based on facilities and organizations (visit, email & post) Through mass media including newspapers, TV, radio & Internet Others No response 32 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(8) Intention to conduct volunteer activities within one year in the future As for intention to conduct volunteer activities within one year in the future, 53.9% of respondents said that they have intention to conduct volunteer activities, and 45.6% of respondents said that they have no intention to conduct volunteer activities. Intention to conduct volunteer activities within one year in the future No response 0.5 Yes 45.6 No 53.9 (9) The degree of satisfaction with life in South Korea As for the degree of satisfaction with life in South Korea, 63.8% of respondents (the highest rate) found it satisfactory, and it was followed by average (32.8%) and unsatisfactory (3.5%). The degree of satisfaction with life in Korea (n=2,419, Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Very satisfactory Generally satisfactory Average Somewhat Very unsatisfactory unsatisfactory Satisfactory Average Unsatisfactory Income and consumption 33

(9-1) Reasons for being satisfied with life in South Korea Of those who found life in South Korea satisfactory, 46.5% of respondents cited I can do what I want to do as a reason. Reasons for being satisfied with life in South Korea (Multiple responses) (n=1,569. Unit : %) I can do what I want to do More favorable financial conditions than in North Korea Can earn as much as I work for No monitorin g and control Can lead a happy life with family Can get a stable job Recognized by neighbors, schools and companies Others No response (9-2) Reasons for being dissatisfied with life in South Korea Of those who found life in South Korea unsatisfactory, 61.1% of respondents (the highest rate) cited financial difficulties as a reason. Reasons for being dissatisfied with life in South Korea (n=94. Unit : %) Financial difficulties Difficulties in adjusting to South Korea Various prejudices and discrimination against North Korean refugees A big difference between my ability and a desired work Conflicts with family members Others 34 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(10) Socioeconomic status in North Korea As for socioeconomic status in consideration of income, occupation, education and property in North Korea, 26.9% of respondents said that they belong to lower low class, and it was followed by upper middle class (26.7%). Socioeconomic status in North Korea [High class] Upper [High class] Lower [Middle] class]upper [Middle] class]lower (11) Socioeconomic status in South Korea [Low] class]upper [Low] class]lower No response As for socioeconomic status in consideration of income, occupation, education and property in South Korea, 34.7% of respondents said that they belong to upper low class, and it was followed by lower low class (27.4%), lower middle class (25.6%) and upper middle class (10.6%). Socioeconomic status in South Korea Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work [High] class] Upper [High] class] Lower [Middle] class] Upper [Middle] class ]Lower [Low] class] Upper [Low] class] Lower No response Income and consumption 35

(12) The possibility of improvement of socioeconomic status in the next generation As for the possibility of improvement of socioeconomic status in South Korea in the next generation, 61.1% of respondents said that the status is likely to be improved in the next generation. The possibility of improvement of socioeconomic status in the next generation Very high Relatively high Unknown Relatively low Very low No response [High] [Unknown] [Low] 36 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Ⅳ (1) The degree of access to newspapers/news for the past one month As for the degree of access to newspapers and online newspapers for the past one month, 65.3% and 44.9% of respondents said that they haven t read newspapers and Internet news, respectively for the past one month. 70.9% of respondents said that they watched TV news almost everyday. The degree of access to newspapers/news for the past one month Almost every day 1) Newspapers 2) Online newspaper 3) TV news Culture & leisure 3~4 times a week 1~2 times a week Once every two weeks Never read/seen it No response The highest rate of respondents in the NSO Social Survey said that they read newspapers and Online newspaper almost everyday whereas the highest rate of North Korean refugees surveyed said that they have not read newspapers or watched TV news, which indicates drastic differences from each other. Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 37

The degree of access to newspapers/tv news for the past one month compared to NSO Social Survey 1) Newspapers Almost everyday 3 to 4times a week 1 to 2 times a week Once every two weeks Never read/ seen them No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees The degree of access to newspapers/tv news for the past one month compared to NSO Social Survey 2) Online newspaper Almost everyday 3 to 4times a week 1 to 2 times a week Once every two weeks Never read/ seen them No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 38 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(2) Reading quantity for the past one year As for reading experience for the past one year, 51.8% of respondents said that they have read books, and 48.2% of them said that they have not read books. Of those who said that they have read books, the respondents said that they read 4.62 educational books (religion, novels, poetry, history and arts) on average which is the largest among the areas. Reading experience for the past one year No, 48.2 Yes, 51.8 Reading quantity by area for the past one year 1) Magazines (Weekly, monthly & others) 2) Educational books (Religion, novels, poetical works, history, artistic books and etc.) 3) Job-related books 4) Books related to life, hobby and information (Child-rearing, flower arrangement, mountain-climbing, fishing books and etc.) (n=1,316. Unit : Volume) 5) Others(Cartoons, martial arts novels and etc.) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 39

56.2% of respondents in NSO Social Survey said that they have read books for the past one year, and 51.8% of North Korean refugees said that they have read books during the period of time, which indicates that South Koreans read books more than North Korean refugees for the past one year. As for reading quantity by area, South Koreans read more books in the entire areas than North Korean refugees. Reading experience for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Reading quantity by area for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey (n=1,316. Unit : Volume) 1) Magazines (Weekly, monthly & others) 2) Educational books (Religion, novels, poetical works, history, artistic books and etc.) 3) Job-related books 4) Books related to life, hobby and information (Child-rearing, flower arrangement, mountain-climbing, fishing books and etc.) 5) Others(Cartoons, martial arts novels and etc.) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 40 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(3) The frequency of watching performances/sports competitions for the past one year As for experiences in watching performances/sporting events for the past one year, 57.6% of respondents said that they have watched performances/sporting events, and 42.4% of them said that they haven t watched them during the period of time. As for those who watched performances/sporting events, the highest rate of respondents said that they watched movies 5.95 times on average. Experiences in watching performances/sporting events for the past one year Yes, 42.4 The frequency of watching performances/sports competitions for the past one year No, 57.6 (n=1,434. Unit : Times) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 1) Concert & performance 2) Drama, court play and musical 3) Dance 4) Films 5) Museum (including artifacts exhibition halls) 6) Gallery (including crafts, calligraphic works & exhibitions) 7) Sports Income and consumption 41

Compared to NSO Social Survey, 66.8% of South Korean respondents said that they have watched performances/sporting events for the past one year while North Korean respondents who have watched them during the period of time accounted for 57.6%. As for the frequency of watching by area, it was higher among South Koreans in all areas including movies than among North Korean refugees. Experiences in viewing performances/sporting events for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees The frequency of watching performances/sporting events for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey (n=1,434. Unit : Times) 1) Concert & performance 2) Drama, court play and 3) Dance 4) musical Films 5) Museum (including artifacts exhibition 6) Museum (including artifacts exhibition halls) 7) halls) Sports 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 42 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(4) Experiences in and frequency of using leisure facilities for the past one year As for experiences in using leisure facilities for the past one year, 60.3% of respondents said that they have used leisure facilities while those who have not used them accounted for 39.7%. As for those who have used leisure facilities, the highest rate of respondents have used tourist attractions (historic sites, national parks and etc.) (1.59 times on average.) Experience in using leisure facilities for the past one year No, 39.7 Yes, 60.3 The frequency of using leisure facilities by area for the past one year (n=1,493. Unit : Times) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 1) Tourist attractions (Historic sites, national parks and etc.) 2) Hot spring & spa 3) Golf course 4) Ski resort 5) Beach 6) Forest park (Forest lodge) 7) Amusement park 8) Pool (including water parks) 9) Others Income and consumption 43

Compared to NSO Social Survey, 73.4% of South Korean respondents said that they have used leisure facilities for the past one year while North Korean refugees who have used leisure facilities during the period of time accounted for 60.3%. As for the frequency of using leisure facilities, South Koreans have used leisure facilities more frequently in all areas in 2013 compared to North Korean refugees. Experiences in using leisure facilities for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees The frequency of using leisure facilities by area for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey (n=1,493. Unit : Times) 1) Tourist attractions (Historic 2) Hot spring & spa 3) Golf course sites, national parks and etc.) 5) Beach 4) Ski resort 6) Forest park (Forest lodge) 7) Amusement park 8) Pool(including water 9) Others parks) 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 2013 NSO Social Survey As the result of on the frequency of using by area was not announced, comparison was made with the result in 2013. 44 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(5) Types of leisure activities on weekends and holidays As for leisure activities conducted on weekends and holidays, 40.8% of respondents said that they watch TV (cable TV, IPTV, DVD (video) and etc.) (Based on the first place.) Types of leisure activities on weekends/holidays Watching TV(Cable TV), IPTV, DVD (Video and etc.) Resting (Sleeping, sauna and etc.) Social & other activities (Volunteer, religious & social activities) Hobby & selfdevelopment activities (Cooking, reading certificate and etc.) Sports activities (Soccer, tennis, golf, billiards, gymnastics, horse racing and etc.) 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Cultural & artistic appreciation (Drama, films, concert, exhibitions and etc.) Tourism (Domestic & overseas trips, camping and etc.) Computer games, Internet search and etc. Cultural and artistic participation (Reading & discussion, artistic activities, instrumental performance, phototaking and etc.) (6) Companions in leisure activities on weekends/holidays Watching sports games Others No response 44.3% of respondents said that they conducted leisure activities along with family members on weekends or holidays, and it was followed by friends (including lovers) (25.3%). Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption 45

Companions in leisure activities on weekends/holidays Along with family Along with friends(includi ng lovers) Alone Through club (including religious organizations) activities Others A higher rate of South Koreans conduct leisure activities with family members than North Korean refugees, and North Korean refugees registered higher rates in all other questions. Companions in leisure activities on weekends/holidays compared to NSO Social Survey Along with family Alone Others Along with friends (including lovers) Through club (including religious organizations) activities No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 2013 NSO Social Survey As the result of was not announced, comparison was made with the result in 2013. 46 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(7) Domestic sightseeing tours for the past one year As for domestic sightseeing tours for the past one year, 56.3% of respondents said that they haven t taken a sightseeing tour while those who have taken a sightseeing tour accounted for 43.7%. Domestic sightseeing tours for the past one year No, 56.3 Yes, 43.7 Compared to NSO Social Survey, 66.7% of South Koreans took a sightseeing tour for the past one year, and 43.7% of North Korean refugees took a tour during the period of time. Domestic sightseeing trips for the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 47

(8) The frequency of domestic overnight trips As for the frequency of domestic overnight trips for the past one year, 35.2% of respondents said that they took one overnight trip, and it was followed by two overnight trips (16.5%) and five or more overnight trips (7.1%), and the number of days spent in accommodations was 1.55 days on average. The frequency of domestic overnight trips (n=1,118 Unit : %) Overnight trip Day trip Once Twice Three times Four times Five times or more No response Compared to NSO Social Survey, North Korean refugees took a smaller number of trips than South Koreans in terms of both overnight trips and day trips. Frequency of domestic overnight trips compared to NSO Social Survey Average frequency of overnight trips Average number of accommodations (n=1,118 Unit : %) Average frequency of day trips 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees With regard to the result of, as the average number of accommodations was not announced, it has been excluded. 48 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(9) Overseas trips taken for the past one year As for overseas sightseeing trips for the past one year, as high as 84.1% of respondents said that they have not taken an overseas trip, and 14.8% of respondents said that they have taken a trip during the period of time. Overseas trips taken for the past one year No response, 1.1 No, 84.1 Yes, 14.8 Compared to NSO Social Survey on overseas trips taken for the past one year, 19.7% of South Koreans took an overseas trip, and 14.8% of North Korean refugees took an overseas trip during the period of time. Overseas trips taken over the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 49

(9-1) Purpose of overseas trips taken over the past one year As for the purpose of overseas trips taken over the past one year, 45.8% of respondents cited sightseeing as its purpose, and it was followed by family affairs (visits to family members and relatives) (35.3%). Purpose of overseas trips taken over the past one year (n=360. Unit : %) Sightseeing Family affairs (Visits to family members, relatives Work Education (including language study) and etc.) No response Compared to NSO Social Survey, 79.8% of South Koreans cited sightseeing as the purpose of an overseas trip whereas 45.8% of North Korean refugees cited sightseeing. In the meantime, 35.3% of North Korean refugees cited family affairs (visits to family and relatives) as the purpose of an overseas trip whereas only 9.8% of South Koreans cited sightseeing. Purpose of overseas trips taken over the past one year compared to NSO Social Survey (n=360. Unit : %) Sight seeing Family affairs (Visits to family and relatives and etc.) Work Education(including language study) No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 50 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(9-2) Experiences in overseas trips As for overseas trips taken over the past one year, as high as 66.7% of respondents said that they haven t taken an overseas trip whereas those who responded that they have taken an overseas trip during the period of time accounted for only 14.5%. Experiences in overseas trips No response 18.9 Yes, 14.5 No, 66.7 (n=2,031. Unit : %) Compared to NSO Social Survey, 19.7% of South Koreans said that they have taken an overseas trip, and the rate of overseas travellers among North Korean refugees during the period of time was 14.5%. Experiences in overseas trips compared to NSO Social Survey Yes No No response (n=2,031. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees Income and consumption 51

(10) The degree of satisfaction with leisure activity at ordinary times As for the degree of satisfaction with leisure activity at ordinary times, 42.5% respondents said that they are average, and it was followed by satisfied (41.5%) and dissatisfied (15.8%). The degree of satisfaction with leisure activity at ordinary times Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Average Somewhat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No response [Satisfied] [Average] [Dissatisfied] Compared to NSO Social Survey, 26.0% of South Koreans said that they are satisfied while 41.5% of North Korean refugees expressed satisfaction. The degree of satisfaction with leisure activity at ordinary times compared to NSO Social Survey Satisfied Average Dissatisfied 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 52 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(10-1) Reasons for being dissatisfied with leisure activity at ordinary times As for those who responded that they are not satisfied with leisure activity at ordinary times, 59.8% of respondents cited financial burden as a reason. Reasons for being dissatisfied with leisure activity at ordinary times Financial burden A lack of time Physical weakness or illness A lack of companion s to enjoy leisure activity A lack of hobby A lack of leisure information and programs A lack of leisure activities Others (n=357. Unit : %) No response Compared to NSO Social Survey, 59.8% of North Korean refugees cited financial burden as a reason for being dissatisfied with leisure activity at ordinary times, and 58.2% of South Koreans cited the same reason. Meanwhile, 20.4% of North Korean refugees cited a lack of time, and 20.2% of South Koreans cited the same reason. Reasons for being dissatisfied with leisure activity at ordinary times compared to NSO Social Survey Financial burden Physical weakness or illness A lack of hobby Others (n=357. Unit : %) A lack of time A lack of companions to enjoy leisure activity together A lack of information on leisure activities and programs No response Overview General welfare Social participation Culture & leisure Work 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees As such items as a lack of programs and a lack of leisure activities are integrated into a lack of leisure facilities and information, the two items are combined at a time of comparison in the Social Survey on North Korean Refugees. Income and consumption 53

(11) Types of desired leisure activities in the future As for leisure activities that respondents desire to conduct if they have time and money, the largest respondents cited tourism (domestic & overseas trips and camping) based on the first place (44.5%) and the first+second places (60.5%). Types of desired leisure activities in the future 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Tourism (Domestic & overseas trips, camping and etc.) Hobby & selfdevelopment activity (Cooking, reading & acquisition of certificates) Sports activities (Soccer, tennis, golf, billiards, gym nastics, horseriding and etc.) Cultural & artistic appreciation (Drama film, concert, exhibition and etc.) Social activities and others (Volunteer work, religious and social activities) Watching TV (Cable TV), IPTV, DVD (Video) and etc.) Rest (Sleeping, sauna and etc.) Cultural and artistic participation (Reading & discussion, artistic activity, musical instrument performance, phototaking and etc) Watching sports Computer games, Internet search and etc. Others No response 54 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Ⅴ Work (1) Order of priority between work and family As for a question about order of priority between work and family, 46.6% of respondents said that they put work first, and 29.9% of respondents said that they equally value work and family. Meanwhile, 20.8% of respondents said that they put family first. Overview General welfare Order of priority between work and family (n=1,854. Unit : %) Social participation Mostly put work first Generally put work first Equally valued Generally put family first Mostly put family first No response (2) The degree of anxiety about unemployment Put work first Equally valued Put family first As for anxiety about unemployment or job change, 32.3% of respondents said that they are hardly anxious about unemployment, and 29.8% of respondents said that they are somewhat anxious. Culture & leisure Work The degree of anxiety about unemployment (n=1,878. Unit : %) Income and consumption Very anxious Somewhat anxious Hardly anxious Not anxious at all No response 55

(3) Main activities for the past one week As for main activities conducted for the past one week, 51.9% (the highest rate) of respondents said that they worked. Main activities conducted for the past one week Worked Commuted to regular educational institutions (Han kyoreh Middle School & High School and Yeom yeong School) Physical & mental disorder & difficulty in getting a job) Nursing (Childrearing) Resting Old age (including retirement) Commuting to academy /institution for employment (Stateexam academy, job training and etc.) Temporary leave of absence Household chores Preparatioaration to academy ment aration Prep- Commuting Employ- Prep- for for (Qualification exam, (Job marriage activities for employment admission alternative hunting) academic school facilities, college admission and etc.) Stand -by (Waiting to start working) Others No response (4) Paid work for one hour or longer for the past one week Of those who did not say that they mostly worked for the past one week, 91.2% of respondents said that they have not worked for one hour or longer in order to make money for the past one week. Paid work for one hour or longer for the past week (n=1,214. Unit : %) No response, 0.9 Yes, 7.7 Unpaid work as a family member, 0.2 No, 91.2 56 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(5) Job-seeking activities conducted for the past four weeks Of those who said that they did not work for one hour or longer to make money for the past one week, 88.9% of respondents said that they haven t sought a job for the past four weeks, and 10.7% of respondents said that they have sought a job for the past four weeks. Job-seeking activities conducted for the past four weeks No response, 0.4 Yes, 10.7 No, 88.9 (n=1,099. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation (6) Working conditions As for the degree of satisfaction with working conditions by area, the respondents expressed satisfaction with efforts to prevent sexual harrassment at a work place by giving the highest score of 3.78 points. Working conditions Culture & leisure Work (n=1,638. Unit : Scores) Income and consumption 1) Job obligation 2) Personnel management (Promotion,placement and relocation) 3) Pay (for work) 4) Welfare 5) Future potential in a work place 6) Working environment (Safety & sanitation) 7) Personal relationship (with supervisors and colleagues) 8) Working hours 9) Effort to prevent sexual harrassm ent at work 10) Job training opportun ities at work 11) Equal treatmen t given to North Korean refugees 57

(7) Status at a work place 49.1% of respondents said that they are employed as a regular worker at the current work place, and it is followed by a day worker (23.7%). Status at a work place (n=1,878. Unit : %) Regular worker Temporary worker Day worker Employer Independent businessman Unpaid family worker No response (8) The degree of satisfaction with the current job As for the degree of satisfaction with the current job, 44.6% of respondents said that they are satisfied, and 39.7% of respondents said that they are generally satisfied (average) whereas only 13.9% of respondents said that they are dissatisfied, which indicates a high level of satisfaction in general. The degree of satisfaction with the current job (n=1,638. Unit : %) Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Average Somewhat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No response Satisfied Average Dissatisfied 58 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(9) Major considerations at a time of choosing a job As for major considerations at a time of choosing a job, the largest number of respondents cited income based on both the first place and the first+second places (1 st place: 46.4%, 1 st +2 nd places: 69.6%). Major considerations at a time of choosing a job 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Overview General welfare Income Stability Aptitude & interest Future growth & prospect A sense of accomplishm ent & selffulfillment Honor & reputation Unknown Others No response Social participation Compared to NSO Social Survey, the rate of respondents who cited income, future growth & prospect, a sense of accomplishment & self-fulfillment and reputation as major considerations at a time of choosing a job was higher in the North Korean refugee group whereas the rate of respondents who cited stability and aptitude & interest as major considerations was higher in the South Korean group. Major considerations at a time of choosing a job compared to NSO Social Survey Culture & leisure Work Income Stability Aptitude & interest Honor & Unknown reputation Others Future growth & potential No response A sense of accomplishment & fulfillment Income and consumption 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 59

(10) Perception on female employment As for perception on female employment, 85.4% of respondents said that it is desirable to have a job. Perception on female employment It is more important to concentrate on household chores than employment, 6.2 Unknown, 7.9 No response, 0.5 It is desirable to have a job, 85.4 Compared to NSO Social Survey, 85.4% of both North Korean refugees and South Koreans said that it is desirable to have a job, and the rate of North Korean refugees who said that it is important to concentrate on household chores than employment was lower than that of South Koreans. Perception on female employment compared to NSO Social Survey It is desirable to get a job. Unknown It is more important to concentrate on household chores than employment. No response 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 60 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(10-1) An appropriate time of female employment Of those who said that it is desirable for women to have a job, 60.2% of respondents cited continuous employment regardless of household chores as an appropriate time of employment. An appropriate time of female employment (n=2,015. Unit : %) Overview General welfare Continuous employment regardless of household chores Before child birth & after growth of children After growth of children Only before marriage Only before birth of the first child No response Social participation Compared to NSO Social Survey, a higher rate of North Korean refugees cited continuous employment regardless of household chores as an appropriate time of employment than South Koreans, and a lower rate of North Korean refugees cited before child birth and after growth of children, after growth of children, and only before birth of the first child as an appropriate time of employment than South Koreans. An appropriate time of female employment compared to NSO Social Survey Culture & leisure Work Continuous employment regardless of household chores Only before marriage Before child birth & after growth of children Only before birth of the first child (n=2,015. Unit : %) After growth of children No response Income and consumption 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 61

(11) Disturbing factors of female employment As for what is considered to be the biggest obstacle to female employment, the largest number of respondents cited child-rearing burden based on both the first place and the first+second places (1st place: 35.2%, 1st+2nd places: 56.4%) Disturbing factors of female employment 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Burdenso me childrearing Social prejudice and discrimination against women Burdenso me household chores Unfair working conditions (Employment, pay and etc.) A lack of ability on the part of women A lack of work ethic and responsibility on the part of women A lack of recruitment information Others Unknown No response Compared to NSO Social Survey, a higher rate of South Koreans cited childrearing, social prejudice & discrimination against women, unfair working conditions (employment, pay and etc.), and a lack of work ethic & responsibility on the part of women than North Korean refugees. In the meantime, a higher rate of North Korean refugees cited burdening household chores, a lack of ability on the part of women, and a lack of recruitment information than South Koreans. 62 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Disturbing factors of female employment compared to NSO Social Survey Social prejudice & discrimination against women Burdensome child-rearing Unfair working conditions (Employment, pay and etc.) Burdening household chores A lack of work ethic & responsibility A lack of ability on the part of women on the part of women A lack of recruitment information Others Unknown No response Overview General welfare 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees includes unknown as others. (12) Contents of the most necessary legal education As for the contents of the most necessary legal education, 10.4% of respondents cited labor contract (delayed payment & retirement benefit). (Based on the first place). Contents of the most necessary legal education 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Social participation Culture & leisure Work Income and consumption No response Prostitution Inheritance & donation Theft robbery and etc Investigation procedures (Accusation) Illegal financial activities (multiphase sale investment ) Personal rehabilitation bankruptcy bad credit) Family relation registration & revision Children (Birth registration child-rearing expenses) Defamation & insult Damage to consumers (Visiting sale) Sexual crime (Rape & sexual harrassment) Violence injury and etc Fraud for Unfair disaster & leave Change in & resident Immigration stay & nationality Title-lending (Depot phone depot bankbook & depot car) (Arrangement dismissal industrial loan) benefits name surname registration NUMBER Car accident & drinking driving Marriage & divorce(alimony & division of property) Sale & registration of property Compensation (Victimization) Legal aid system & institutional information House rental (Deposit) Financial transactions (Bonds guarantee) Contract relationship (Broker contract) Labor contract (Delayed payment retirement benefit) 63

(13) The most ideal work place (Aged 29 or younger) As for the most ideal work place, 19.7% of respondents cited large companies, and it was followed by national institutions (17.8%), self-employment (10.4%), specialized companies (law firms and etc.) (7.2%), state-owned companies (public companies & public corporations) (7.1%), and overseas employment (6.6%). The most ideal work place (n=675. Unit : %) Large companies National institutions Selfemployment cuompanies Specialized (Law firms and etc.) Stateowned companies (Public companies & public corporations) Overseas employment NGO (Social welfare institutions and etc.) Foreign companies SMB (excluding venture companies) Venture business 64 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Ⅵ Income and consumption (1) Existence of income source (Aged 19 or older) As for existence of income source, 80.8% of respondents said that they have a source of income at the moment. 18.2% of respondents said that they don t have a source of income. Existence of income source Overview General welfare No, 18.2 No response, 1.1 (n=2,239. Unit : %) Social participation Yes, 80.8 (2) Average monthly income generated from a main job and a sideline for the latest three months As for income generated from a main job for the latest three months, average monthly income was 1.4692 million won, and average income generated from a sideline was 595,700 won for the latest three months. Culture & leisure Work Average monthly income generated from a main job and a sideline for the latest three months (n=1,638. Unit : 10,000 won) Income and consumption Average income from a main job Average income from a sideline 65

(3) The degree of satisfaction with the current income As for satisfaction with the current income if any, 27.6% of respondents said that they are satisfied with the current income, and 39.7% of respondents said that they are generally satisfied(average) with their income. In the meantime, 31.5% of respondents are dissatisfied with their present income dissatisfied. The degree of satisfaction with the current income (n=1,775. Unit : %) Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Average Somewhat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No response Satisfied Average Dissatisfied Compared to NSO Social Survey, the degree of satisfaction is higher among North Korean refugees than among South Koreans, and the degree of dissatisfaction is lower among North Korean refugees than among South Koreans, which indicates that the degree of satisfaction is generally higher among North Korean refugees. The degree of satisfaction with income compared to NSO Social Survey (n=1,775. Unit : %) Satisfied Average Dissatisfied 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 66 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

(4) The degree of satisfaction with the current consumption life (Aged 19 or older) As for the degree of satisfaction with general consumption life (food, clothing and shelter, leisure activity and hobby), 23.8% of respondents said that they are satisfied, and 41.7% of respondents said that they are generally satisfied. In the meantime, 32.2% of respondents said that they are dissatisfied, which indicates that the number of dissatisfied respondents is higher than that of satisfied respondents. The degree of satisfaction with the current consumption life (n=2,239, Unit : %) Overview General welfare Social participation Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Average Somewhat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied No response Satisfied Average Dissatisfied Compared to NSO Social Survey, the degree of satisfaction is higher among North Korean refugees than among South Koreans, and degree of dissatisfaction is lower among North Korean refugees among South Koreans, which indicates that North Korean refugees are more satisfied with consumption life than South Koreans. The degree of satisfaction with the current consumption life compared to NSO Social Survey Culture & leisure Work (n=2,239, Unit : %) Satisfied Average Dissatisfied Income and consumption 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 67

(5) The level of actual income compared to required living expenses (Aged 19 or older) As for the level of actual income in consideration of the monthly minimum living expenses required by family, 12.4% of respondents said that they have some money to spare, and 27.4% of respondents said that they have enough money. Meanwhile, 58.9% of respondents said that they suffer a lack of money. The level of actual income compared to required living expenses (n=2,239. Unit : %) Very sufficient Somewhat Sufficient Average Somewhat Very No Insufficient Insufficient response Sufficient Average Insufficient Compared to NSO Social Survey, the rate of North Korean refugees who said that they have sufficient money in consideration of required living expenses was higher than that of South Koreans, and the rate of South Koreans who said that they suffer a lack of money was higher than North Korean refugees, which indicates that more North Korean refugees tend to think that they have enough money than South Koreans do. 68 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

The level of actual income in consideration of required living expenses compared to NSO Social Survey Sufficient Appropriate Insufficient (n=2,239. Unit : %) Overview General welfare 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 2013 NSO Social Survey As the result of on the question was not announced, comparison was made with the results in 2013. (6) Fluctuation of household income and debts from a year ago (Aged 19 or older) As for changes in household income from a year ago, 56.8% of respondents considered the level of change as average, and 24.4% of respondents said that their income was increased. Meanwhile, 16.7% of respondents said that their income was decreased. In the meantime, as for changes in household debts from a year ago, 76.0% of respondents said that their debts are the same, and 8.1% of respondents said that their debts were increased. In the meantime, 6.1% of respondents said that their debts were decreased. Social participation Culture & leisure Work Fluctuation of household income from a year ago (n=2,239. Unit : %) Income and consumption Drastically increased Somewhat increased Average Somewhat decreased Drastically decreased No response Increased Average Decreased 69

Fluctuation of household debts from a year ago (n=2,239. Unit : %) Increased Average Decreased Drastically increased Somewhat increased Average Somewhat decreased Drastically decreased No response Increased Average Decreased Compared to NSO Social Survey, North Korean refugees household income was increased compared to South Koreans, and their household debts were the same. Fluctuation of household income from a year ago compared to NSO Social Survey (n=2,239. Unit : %) Increased Average Decreased 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees 70 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea

Fluctuation of household debts from a year ago compared to NSO Social Survey (n=2,239. Unit : %) Increased Average Decreased Overview General welfare 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (7) The direction of expected changes in household finance for the next year (Aged 19 or older) As for expected changes in household finance (economy) for the next year, 50.0% of respondents said that their economic conditions would be improved. The direction of expected changes in household finance for the next year (n=2,239. Unit : %) Social participation Culture & leisure Work Likely to be drastically improved Likely to be somewhat improved Same Likely to be somewhat deteriorated Likely to be drastically deteriorated No response Improved Same Deteriorated Income and consumption Compared to NSO Social Survey, 50.0% of North Korean refugees said that their household finance will be improved next year, and the rate is twice higher among South Koreans (22.8%). 71

The direction of expected changes in household finance for the next year compared to NSO Social Survey (n=2,239. Unit : %) Improved Same Deteriorated 2015 Social Survey on North Korean Refugees (8) Items subject to the first budget-cut at a time of deteriorated household finance (Aged 19 or older) As for items subject to the first budget-cut at a time of deteriorated household finance, a large number of respondents cited eating-out expenses based on the first place and the first+second places (1st: 29.9%, 1st+2nd: 45.1%). Items subject to the first budget-cut at a time of deteriorated household finance (n=2,239. Unit : %) 1 st place 1 st +2 nd places Eatingout expense Clothing expense Food expenses Expenses of remittance to North Korea, China and a third country Transport & communi -cation expenses (vehicular service expenses) Culture & leisure activity expenses Fuel cost (Electricity, gas & etc.) Family event cost Education cost Healthcare & medical expenses Others No response 72 2015 Social Survey of North Korean Refugees in South Korea