THE DEBATE OVER SLAVERY
THE MORALITY & LEGITIMACY OF SLAVERY Read either the William Lloyd Garrison or John C Calhoun Article. Complete the questions associated with your article in Complete Sentences ON YOUR OWN Find someone who read the other article. Discuss, do not merely exchange, your answers.
THE DEBATE OVER SLAVERY GARRISON Founder of The Liberator newspaper Founder of The American Anti- Slavery Society Argued for "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves." CALHOUN Former VP South Carolina Senator Pushed for Nullification and Secession Previously
FINAL CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR AND ANTEBELLUM POLITICAL ISSUES
GROWING POLITICAL DIVISION
PARTY SYSTEM RECAP First Party System Federalist vs. Democratic Republicans Ends with Era of Good Feelings Second Party System Democrats vs. Whigs Third Party System? Democrats vs. Whigs vs. Free Soilers? Not Yet, But We re Close
THE FREE SOIL PARTY 'Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men,' Short Lived Party Former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party. Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery.
1848 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Lewis Cass Democrat Zachary Taylor Whig Martin Van Buren Free Soil
1848 Election Results 41.5% 47.3% Though a slaveholder, Taylor did not push for the expansion of slavery. He pushed settlers in New Mexico and California to draft constitutions for statehood, setting the stage for the Compromise of 1850. Taylor died suddenly of a stomach-related illness in July 1850. 10.1%
MILLARD FILLMORE Taylor s VP, would replace him as president. Strong supporter of the compromise of 1850. Appointed Brigham Young as the first governor of the Utah Territory in 1850. Lost the Whig nomination for the election of 1852. Is the last American president not to be either a Democrat or Republican.
1852 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Franklin Pierce Democrat Gen Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free Soil
1852 Election Results
PIERCE AS PRESIDENT Signed the Gadsden Purchase Failed in his attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain Ostend Manifesto Supporter of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Established the opening of 2 ports in Japan 1854 under Commodore Matthew Perry Died in 1869 from cirrhosis of the liver
LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS DEBATE OVER THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Lets read some excerpts aloud and discuss the questions
THE KNOW NOTHINGS OR THE AMERICAN PARTY The Know Nothing was a movement by the nativist American political faction of the 1850s, characterized by political xenophobia, anti-catholic sentiment, and occasional violence. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants Often regarded as hostile to republican values and controlled by the Pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856 Membership was limited to Protestant males of British American lineage.
1856
ELECTION OF 1856
JAMES BUCHANAN AS PRESIDENT Excerpts from his Inaugural Address: As a natural consequence, Congress has also prescribed that when the Territory of Kansas shall be admitted as a State it "shall be received into the Union with or without slavery, as their constitution may prescribe at the time of their admission." A difference of opinion has arisen in regard to the point of time when the people of a Territory shall decide this question for themselves. This is, happily, a matter of but little practical importance. Besides, it is a judicial question, which legitimately belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled.
LOOMING LEGAL QUESTIONS
THE DRED SCOTT CASE (1857) Dred Scott s story: He was slave in AL and MO He was sold and brought into IL and WI He tried to buy his freedom and he was denied by his owner He sued on the basis that he had lived in free and worked in territory declared free by the MO Compromise
THE DRED SCOTT DECISION (1857) In a 7-2 vote, Scott lost his case. " We think they [people of African ancestry] are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States." Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, speaking for the majority Taney hoped this decision would solve the slavery question once and for all. 3 major points: 1) Slaves are not citizens and therefore can not use the Supreme Court 2) Slaves are property 3) Property is protected by the 4 th Amendment (search and seizure) and therefore slaves are allowed by their owners to be taken anywhere in the US
DRED SCOTT PUBLIC REACTION It is no novelty to find the Supreme Court following the lead of the Slavery Extension party, to which most of its members belong. Five of the Judges are slaveholders, and two of the other four owe their appointments to their facile ingenuity in making State laws bend to Federal demands in behalf of "the Southern institution. - Editorial in the Albany, New York, Evening Journal, 1857 Speech on the Dred Scott Decision Abraham Lincoln Speech at Springfield, Illinois June 26, 1857
HOW DRED SCOTT HELPED START THE CIVIL WAR Northerners were outraged and Southerners were full of glee The schism between North and South was only growing The MO Compromise had been declared unconstitutional. Congress does not have the authority to prohibit slavery A new band-aid would be needed
RISING SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
UNCLE TOM S CABIN - 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Daughter of Rev. Lyman Beecher who would send Beecher s Bibles to KS So you re the little lady that started the war? Abraham Lincoln Uncle Tom s Cabin Excerpt
JOHN BROWN SHIFTS FOCUS - BROWN AND THE SLAVE Throughout 1858 John Brown takes trips into the state of Missouri to free slaves. His most successful expedition was on Dec. 20 th, 1858 when he was able to free 11 slaves at one time.
JOHN BROWN S RAID ON HARPER S FERRY On October 16, Brown set out for Harpers Ferry with 21 men First they captured the federal armory and arsenal. They then captured Hall's Rifle Works, a supplier of weapons to the government. The local militia pinned Brown and his men down. Brown's son, Oliver, was sent out to negotiate with the citizens. He was shot and killed. Marines and soldiers under the leadership of then Colonel Robert E. Lee arrived, and took control. In the end, 10 of Brown's 22 men were killed
EXECUTION Brown was found guilty of murder, conspiring with slaves, and treason. The trial was a week long and deliberation ran 45 minutes. Brown was put to death on December 2 nd, 1859.
JOHN BROWN'S LAST PROPHECY CHARLESTOWN, VA, 2ND, DECEMBER, 1859 I JOHN BROWN AM NOW QUITE CERTAIN THAT THE CRIMES OF THIS GUILTY, LAND: WILL NEVER BE PURGED AWAY; BUT WITH BLOOD. I HAD AS I NOW THINK: VAINLY FLATTERED MYSELF THAT WITHOUT VERY MUCH BLOODSHED; IT MIGHT BE DONE.
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD The network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860. One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad".
THE BREAKING POINT: THE ELECTION OF 1860
The Political Quadrille, 1860, Cincinnati, OH
THE CANDIDATES FYI: Voter Turnout in 1992 = 55% 1996 = 49% 2000 = 54% 2004 = 60% 2008 = 61% 2012 = 58% 1860 = 81%
CRASH COURSE US HISTORY
Using their timeline, students may work with a partner and use Amsco to determine the 3 most significant causes of the Civil War (I would argue they could even go back as far as the 3/5 compromise, or Georgia allowing slavery but they should probably try to keep it more current than that) In a paragraph for each, students must defend WHY they think each of their 3 causes are the most important not just a paragraph description of each Historical Argumentation/Relevant Historical Evidence If we need to fill time: Class Discussion When was the point of no return for a war between the states? Students are required to site specific text or historical evidence in their responses.