Election of 1824 Monroe ends 2 nd term, four candidates ran William Crawford Georgia Andrew Jackson Tennessee Henry Clay Kentucky John Quincy Adams Massachusetts each candidate had regional support and also differed on their background and beliefs Jackson received largest # of popular and electoral votes, but did not have a majority 12 th Amendment if no candidate receives majority, the House of Representatives chooses President
Henry Clay met with Adams, and said he would use his influence as Speaker of the House to elect Adams if Adams named him Sec. of State Adams was elected President Jackson s supporters called it a corrupt bargain
the corrupt bargain overshadowed his presidency Adams was unpopular, and Congress did not support many of his proposals Enemies of Adams controlled both Houses Caused a party split: Democratic Republicans (DEMOCRATS) who supported Andrew Jackson National Republicans who supported Adams
Adams vs. Jackson II mudslinging done by both parties first election to use slogans, rallies, buttons, barbecues to gain support Jackson wins in a landslide
Old Hickory legendary General an American success story (the common man) promised equal protection and equal benefits to all property requirements dropped in most states By 1828, 22 of 24 states changed their constitutions to allow the people to choose presidential electors fired many federal workers and replaced them with his supporters ( to the victors belong the spoils )
tariffs on imported goods caused a crisis during Jackson s Presidency Northeast=loved tariff Southerners=hated tariff Southerners said that states had the right to nullify a federal law Senate argued tariffs Some in the South wanted to secede
Our federal union must be preserved! John C. Calhoun, Jackson s VP, disagreed with his views, and resigned as VP Union seemed on verge of splitting Congress passed a lower tariff, hoping to appease the South it didn t Nullification Act passed by South Carolina declared the tariffs illegal and they wouldn t pay Force Act Jackson persuaded Congress to allow the president to use the military to enforce acts Compromise finally won out, and the crisis avoided
large numbers of Native Americans lived in the southeast Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw many southerners wanted the Native Americans RELOCATED to lands west of the Mississippi River Jackson supported the settlers demand for the Native American land
Cherokee Nation refused to give up their land Federal government recognized Cherokee as a separate nation, Georgia didn t Took their case to the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled the federal government had jurisdiction Jackson ignored the ruling Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 allowed the government to pay Native Americans to move west Moved them to the newly created INDIAN TERRITORY (present day Oklahoma)
1835 federal government persuaded a few Cherokee to sign a treaty giving up their land most of the Cherokee didn t honor the treaty and stayed Jackson sent army to remove the Cherokee Cherokee didn t want bloodshed, headed west many died on the journey Known as the Trail Where They Cried
Black Hawk led the Fox and Sauk tribes back to Illinois to reclaim their territory troops drove them back to the Mississippi River and most were slaughtered
only Native Americans who successfully resisted removal Chief Osceola went to war with the U.S. used guerrilla tactics to ambush soldiers and towns many soldiers killed, and the government gave up
after 1842, few Native Americans lived east of the Mississippi River had given up 100 million acres east of the Miss. had been given $68 million and 32 million acres divided in tribes on reservations
Jackson opposed the bank as being a group of wealthy easterners the bank held the government s money and controlled the nation s money supply was run by private bankers when the bank s charter was up for renewal, Jackson vetoed it
Opponents of Jackson (Webster and Clay) hoped that Jackson s veto of the bank would hurt his re election It didn t and Jackson beat Clay Jackson kills the bank in 1836
Democrats vs. Whigs Democrats nominated Martin Van Buren New Whig party (anti Jackson) nominated several candidates VAN BUREN wins easily
depression starts soon after the election Panic of 1837 land values dropped sharply, banks failed, and investments declined many lost their jobs, farms, homes cotton prices plummeted Van Buren believed in laissez faire (little government interference) Van Buren created a federal treasury to end the panic, but his own party didn t support the decision
Democrats controlled the last 12 years Depression and Panic led to a weakening of the party Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison (hero of War of 1812) for President vs. Van Buren in 1840 Tippecanoe and Tyler, too! and the log cabin symbol led to Harrison winning the election easily
1 st VP to become President because president died in office once been a democrat, didn t support the Whig party strong supporter of states rights and vetoed many Whig bills most of Cabinet resigned was not re elected in 1844