Disaster Response Stakeholders: Humanitarian Community

Disaster Response Stakeholders: Humanitarian Community

Objectives Introduce key actors in the international and humanitarian community Understand the principles and standards guiding the activities of the humanitarian community Understand the humanitarian community s primary method of organization and coordination Introduce the humanitarian community s considerations and approaches to security

International Response Coordination ASSISTING STATES Donor + Military INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY Country Team Regional Coordination Center AFFECTED STATE UN agencies NDMO + Military IOM Country Team Multinational Coordination Center (MNCC) HuMOCC UN/ Humanitarian Country Team Red Cross Military CLUSTERS NGOs

Who is in the lead????? THE AFFECTED STATE

Bilateral Assistance: Governments and Private donors Traditional Bilateral Donor Agencies Government Contributions (2014): US$18.7 billion OECD DAC donors: US$16.8 billion Other government donors: US$1.9billion* (*majority Gulf donors) Private Contributions (2014): US$5.8 billion (Source: GHA 2014 Development Initiatives)

Intergovernmental Organizations Formed by a treaty between two more countries. International Organization for Migration (IOM) European Union (EU) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations A political and economic organization comprised of 10 states: Brunei Cambodia Laos Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Regional Coordinating Centers ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) Purpose: Promote regional collaboration on disasters Tools: SASOP, ERAT Launched: 2011 Location: Jakarta, Indonesia Website: www.ahacentre.org

Regional Coordinating Centers Regional Humanitarian Coordination Centre (RHCC) Purpose: Facilitate coordination among assisting state militaries in response to disasters Tools: Opera, MNCC teams Launched: 2014 Location: Changi Naval Base, Singapore

Regional Coordinating Centers SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) Purpose: Provides policy advisement and facilitates capacity building by conducting studies, research, and training on disaster risk reduction and management in South Asia Authority: Mandated by SAARC (South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation) member states Launched: 2006 Location: New Delhi, India At this time, SDMC is not an operational center which coordinates SAARC member states disaster response efforts

Humanitarian Principles HUMANITY NEUTRALITY IMPARTIALITY Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature. Humanitarian assistance must be provided without discriminating as to ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the suffering must be guided solely by needs and priority must be given to the most urgent cases of distress INDEPENDENCE Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented.

Standards in Humanitarian Action The Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief The principle of Do No Harm

Sphere Project Minimum Humanitarian Standards Measures of Performance Measures of Effectiveness Core Standards Four Sectors: - Water - Shelter - Food - Health www.sphereproject.org In your HART Course CD

Nongovernmental Organizations NGOs are not part of: Any government UN Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters Diverse in size, structure, motive, resources, function and mission National or international; secular or faith-based Funded by grants or private donations Essential to humanitarian operations: Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects One of the first responders to arrive and last to leave Primary on-the-ground humanitarian actors

Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Three Distinct Components: ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross (Conflict) IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Peacetime, Natural Disaster) National Societies - National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies (Both)

The UN System

UN Agencies, Offices and Programs UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF UN Children s Fund WFP UN World Food Programme WHO UN World Health Organization UNDP UN Development Programme (RC/HC) OHCHR UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNFPA UN Population Fund UNDSS UN Dept. of Safety & Security OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNDAC team, CMCoord Officer)

UN Development Group (UNDG): UN Country Teams: Asia and the Pacific Afghanistan Malaysia Bangladesh Maldives Bhutan Mongolia Cambodia Myanmar China Nepal DPR Korea Pakistan Security East Timor Triangle Papua New Guinea Fiji Philippines India Samoa Indonesia Sri Lanka Iran Thailand Lao Vietnam

United Nations Development Program (UNDP) UNDP established in 1966 as "front-line of a global war on want. UNDP Administrator Helen Clark Administrator of United Nations Development Group (UN Country Teams) Produces Annual Human Development Report Core focus: Sustainable development Democratic governance and peacebuilding Climate and disaster resilience >US$5 billion annual budget Approx. 6,400 staff (1,100 HQ)

World Food Program (WFP) Established in 1961 80+ million people food assistance in 82 countries annually Approx. 11,400 staff (93% in field) Logistics and food security US$5.4 billion (2014) Assets: 5,000 trucks 650 warehouses 70 aircraft 35 fleet workshops 20 ships 81% food procured developing countries

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) Created in 1998 out of UNDHA. Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator Mr. Stephen O Brien Approximately 2,100 staff 50+ countries Primary Roles: Coordination (IASC) Advocacy Information Management Humanitarian Financing Policy FY2016 budget US$309 million

Video Disaster Response Stakeholders - International and Humanitarian Community Short version: https://youtu.be/sneiycrzkau

Emergency Relief Coordinator Mr. Stephen O Brien UN Under-Secretary-General focusing on humanitarian affairs Primary functions: Develop and coordinate strategic humanitarian policy Raise humanitarian issues with political organizations Coordinate humanitarian emergency response

Humanitarian Country Team UN Country Team UNDP (UN Dev t Programme) OCHA UNICEF (UN Children s Fund) WFP (World Food Programme) WHO (World Health Org.) FAO (Food & Agriculture Org.) UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) UNFPA (UN Population Fund) UN-Habitat & other UN specialized agencies IOM (Int l Org. for Migration) Humanitarian Country Team World Bank & other International financial institutions (IFIs) Other organizations with operational relevance (OOWOR) ICRC IFRC National society NGO community International and national NGOs Clusters

Cluster Approach The Cluster Approach is designed to provide: Predictability, Accountability and Partnership in all response sectors Better support for national-led response tools Common standards and tools

Sector or Area of Activity Global Cluster Lead Symbol Food Security Camp Coordination Early Recovery Education Emergency Shelter Emergency Telecommunications UN Food and Agriculture Organization World Food Program UN High Commissioner for Refugees International Organization for Migration UN Development Program UN Children s Fund Save the Children UK UNHCR and International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Society UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (owns process), World Food Program (telecoms) Health Logistics Nutrition Protection Water, Sanitation, Hygiene World Health Organization World Food Program UN Children s Fund UN High Commissioner for Refugees UN Children s Fund

Global Cluster Leads The cluster leads, together with their partners, provide the following support to strengthen field response: Technical surge capacity Trained experts Increased stockpiles Standardized technical tools Agreement on common methods and formats Best practices and lessons learned

umanitarian Security: Attacks on Aid Workers 2005-2015 Source: The Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD)/Humanitarian Outcomes

2015: Location of Attacks Security Triangle Source: The Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD)/Humanitarian Outcomes

Traditional Humanitarian Security Paradigm Acceptance Reduce threat by gaining acceptance of your work Security Triangle Protection Reduce risk but not threat by reducing your vulnerability Deterrence Reduce risk by containing the threat with a counter-threat

Humanitarian Security Current Risk Management Approaches Use of weapons UN System today Photo Credit: Adriane Ohanesian/AP, Aug 23, 2016

CFE-DM: Meeting Disaster Management Challenges with Excellence Education and Training Chief Jim Welsh 808.472.0510 james.l.welsh@navy.mil Program Manager John Miller 808.472.0504 john.w.miller.ctr@navy.mil Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 456 Hornet Avenue Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI 96860-5303 TEL: 808.472.0518 FAX: 808.472.0382 www.cfe-dmha.org