The Federa System Unit 2
What is it? System of government created by the U.S. Constitution that divides governmenta power between nationa and state governments.
The Constitutiona Division of Powers The Constitution divides powers into 3 categories: Expressed (Deegated/ Enumerated) Concurrent Reserved
Expressed Powers (Deegated/ Enumerated) Artice 1, Section 8, Causes 1-17 described Expressed powers Aso caed Deegated or Enumerated powers Powers specificay granted to the nationa government Exampes: Coin money Posta System Maintain miitary Decare War Reguate interstate and internationa commerce Immigration Negotiate treaties
Concurrent Powers Powers shared by the nationa and state governments Exampes: Protects civi rights and iberties Taxes Provide for pubic safety and heath Estabish courts Punish awbreakers Borrow money Construct and maintain roads
Concurrent Powers Granted to both nationa and state governments 10 th Amendment, Artice 1, Section 8 of US Constitution states: The powers not deegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectivey, or to the peope. Artice 1, Section 2, Cause 18 of US Constitution states: To make a Laws which sha be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and a other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof Impied Powers powers that are authorized by Constitution, whie not stated, are given and increased to Congress to exercise necessary and proper execution Necessary and Proper Cause or Eastic Cause Aows for Congress the power to pass a aws necessary and proper for carrying out enumerated ist of powers
Reserved Powers Powers beonging to state governments Comes from 10 th Amendment powers not specificay deegated to the nationa government are reserved for the states Exampes: Estabish oca governments Estabish schoos Reguate marriage, divorce, and adoptions Reguate intrastate commerce Provide fire and poice protection Conduct eections Enact icense requirements
Federa Denied Powers Artice 1, Section 9 states: 1. No taxing Exports (From any state) 2. No Bis of Attainder (Loss of Civi Rights due to serious crime) 3. No Ex Post Facto Laws (Enacted retroactivey) 4. No Tites of Nobiity
State Denied Powers Artice 1, Section 10 states: No taxing Exports (between states) No Bis of Attainder No Ex Post Facto Laws No Tites of Nobiity
Why is federaism a good thing? Encourages poitica participation Promotes democracy States are unified and unique
What are the drawbacks? Inconsistency between states Tension between nationa and state governments
Types of Federaism Federaism has changed over the course of American history Dua Federaism (1790s 1930s) Cooperative Federaism (1930s 1950s) Reguated Federaism (1960s) New Federaism (1970s -1980s)
Dua Federaism Two eves of government have ceary defined and separate responsibiities Nationa Government State Government
Cooperative Federaism Era of shared power between federa, state and oca governments Like marbe cake, the eves of government are intertwined and ess ceary defined
Reguated Federaism Huge increase in federa invovement in state and oca governments N A T I O N A L State Loca
New Federaism Power is shifted back to the states during Nixon and Reagan presidencies Power Back to the states
State Governments U.S. Constitution has one requirement for states state constitutions must support a
State egisatures Responsibiities: make aws, evy taxes, and create budgets
Apportionment The distribution of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and state egisatures
Gerrymandering When awmakers draw district boundaries in a manner that benefits them or their party
Redistricting Redrawing of voting districts to refect popuation changes
State Governors Manage the executive branch for the state Georgia s Governor: Nathan Dea
State Court System Tria Courts: cases that affect daiy ives of citizens High eve tria courts: major crimina cases and aw suits Lower Leve tria courts: Municipa Courts minor vioations, divorce, adoptions Sma Caims Courts disputes invoving sma amounts of $ Appeas Courts: cases that are appeaed to reverse the decision of tria courts
Loca Governments
County Government Judges Tax commissioner Sheriff s Office Heath services
Mayor-Counci System Divides power between an eected mayor and city counci
Commission System Quaified professionas head city commissions Skied professionas make decisions
Counci-Manager System Combines democraticay eected counci with professiona city management
Specia-Purpose Districts Provides a specific function For exampe: Schoo boards
Ongoing Government Debate: State v. Nationa Power There is an ongoing debate on which eve of government shoud have more power and the authority over certain issues. Gay Marriage Unti Recenty (However coud be overturned), Marijuana Reform Laws (Decriminaization or Recreationa Use), Education through nationa Common Core Pan
Supremacy Cause Artice 6 of US Constitution estabishes the constitution as the Supreme Law of the and. No other government entity (state, oca) can enact a aw that contradicts federa aw.