International Relations Dr Markus Pauli 2018-19, Semester 1
Course Information Location: TBC Time: Thursdays 9:00 12:00 Instructor Information Instructor: Markus Pauli (markus.pauli@yale-nus.edu.sg) Office: RC2-02-04B Office Hours: By appointment. Course Description Why do countries go to war with each other and why do they cooperate? How do domestic institutions or individual leaders impact a country s external behaviour? Do international laws and institutions have any influence in global affairs? These types of questions have long been central to the study of international politics. In the 20th century the formal study of International Relations (IR) was established as a part of the social sciences. This introductory course will examine the major theories of international conflict and cooperation that have emerged from this body of scholarship. It will also cover thematic issues such as economic interdependence, global governance, nuclear weapons, transnational movements, and the rise of new powers. The course provides an introduction to IR theory and instances in which insights from IR can illuminate the processes, causes and dynamics of real-world phenomena. Assessments Participation (20%): o Students are expected to attend and participate in discussions. o Discussion Questions: Students are expected to submit one substantive discussion question via Canvas prior to each session latest by 10pm the evening before the seminar. (In total, you have to submit for at least 18 out of 26 sessions.) Presentation (20%): Each student will present (max 20 min.) on a research questions, which draws on, but goes beyond the readings for the session and raise discussion questions. o Handout with research question, argument, literature, discussion questions. o Please come to my office hours a week before your presentation to discuss the structure. Group Exercise (20%): Two students will together present a book (max 20 min.) and lead a portion of the seminar session. (max 40 min.) o Handout with background, core arguments & (bullet point) critique of the book and discussion questions. o Ideas for seminar activities: small group and plenary discussions, simulations, debates, scenario building, etc. Short Essay (20%): 2000-word take-home essay. Prompts will be distributed in advance. Final Exam (20%): Answering two questions in form of a short essay. Academic Integrity Yale-NUS College students are expected to act ethically in the conduct of their academic work and in the exercise of their responsibilities towards other members of our learning community. Yale-NUS College upholds the highest standards of integrity common to the academy. Key principles of ethical 2
student conduct include the obligation to (1) do one s own work, (2) not interfere with the work of others, and (3) accurately and honestly represent the content of one s own work while making proper attribution for the work of others. Students are expected to refrain from using messaging apps or social media during the seminar: The purpose of seminar is to set aside a brief time to focus exclusively on the course and discuss ideas related to the course material. SYLLABUS WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION #1 Welcome & Info Session. #2 History of the International System Core Reading: Karen A. Mingst and Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft. 2016 (7th ed.). Essentials of International Relations. New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 20-69. (total 50p) No presentation. WEEK 2: THE VALUE OF THEORY ANARCHY, POWER & CONFLICT #3 The Value of Theory Core Reading: Kenneth N. Waltz. 1954. Man, the State, and War. Columbia University Press, pp. 1-15. (15p) Robert W. Cox. Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory, pp. 126-141 (15p) Kenneth Waltz 1979 Theory of International Politics Founder of Neorealism or Structural Realism. #4 Realism and Neorealism Core Reading: Hans J. Morgenthau. 1948. Six Principles of Political Realism. In Robert J. Art and Robert Jervis. 2017. International Politics (Pearson Education, 13th ed.), pp. 19-27. (8p) John J. Mearsheimer. 2001. Anarchy and the Struggle for Power. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 50-60. (11p) Stephen M. Walt. 1987. Alliances: Balancing and Bandwagoning. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 153-160. (8) Hans Morgenthau 1948 Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace Realism, Power Politics. 3
WEEK 3: COOPERATION UNDER ANARCHY #5 Neoliberalism / Institutionalism Core Reading: Robert O. Keohane. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in World Politics. Princeton University Press, pp. 7-10, 85-109. Further Reading: Lisa L. Martin. 1992. Interests, Power, and Multilateralism. International Organization, 46:4, pp. 765-789. Robert O. Keohane 1984 After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy Neo-liberalism. #6 Neoliberalism / Institutionalism Example: NATO Pre-selected Readings (To be updated.): Celeste A. Wallander. 2000. Institutional Assets and Adaptability: NATO After the Cold War. International Organization, 54:4, pp. 705-733. Presentation: WEEK 4: DOMESTIC POLITICS #7 Liberal Theory Pre-selected Andrew Moravcsik. 1997. Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization, 51:4, pp. 513-33. Helen V. Milner. 1997. Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton University Press, pp. 3-26. Presentation: #8 Excursion (Details to be announced.) WEEK 5: IDEAS AND IDENTITY #9 Liberal Theory Examples: Democratic Peace Theory and Cuban Missile Crisis Graham Allison. 1969. Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis. American Political Science Review, 63:3, pp. 689-718. Joanne Gowa. 1999. Ballots and Bullets: The Elusive Democratic Peace. Princeton University Press, pp. 3-27. 4
Presentation 1 (Democratic Peace Theory): Presentation 2 (Cuban Missile Crisis): #10 Constructivism Example: Normative & Strategic Cultures Core Reading on Constructivism: Alexander Wendt. 1992. Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 61-67. Martha Finnemore. 1996. National Interests in International Society. Cornell University Press, pp. 1-33. Further Reading on Normative and Strategic Cultures: Nina Tannenwald. 1999. The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-Use. International Organization, 53:3, pp. 433-465. Alastair Iain Johnston. 1996. Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China. In Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. Columbia University Press, pp. 216-256. (41p) Presentation (Constructivism): Presentation (Normative & Strategic Cultures): WEEK 7 RECESS WEEK WEEK 8: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES #11 Perception and Misperception Core Reading: Robert Jervis. 1968. Hypotheses on Misperception. World Politics, 20:3, pp. 454-79. Further Reading: Keren Yarhi-Milo. 2013. In the Eye of the Beholder: How Leaders and Intelligence Communities Assess the Intentions of Adversaries. International Security, 38:1, pp. 7-51. Robert Jervis (1976/ 2017) Perception and Misperception in International Politics Psychology & World Politics. Presentation (Foreign Policy of India): #12 Excursion (Details to be announced.) 5
WEEK 9: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES and WAR & PEACE #13 Beliefs and Ideology / Foreign Policy Core Miller, Manjari Chatterjee. 2013. Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China. Stanford University Press, pp. 1-4, 55-81. Further Reading: Jonathan Mercer. 2010. Emotional Beliefs. International Organization, 64:1, pp. 1-26. Presentation (Foreign Policy of China Focus on South China Sea): Jack Short Essay: Due by. #14 Foreign Policy and Causes of War / Peace and its Durability Core Jack S. Levy and William R. Thompson. 2010. Causes of War. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1-22. Dan Reiter. 2009. How Wars End. Princeton University Press, pp. 1-7, (186-210). Further Reading: James D. Fearon. 1995. Rationalist Explanations for War. International Organization, 49:3, pp. 379-410. Virginia Page Fortna. 2003. Scraps of Paper? Agreements and the Durability of Peace. International Organization, 57:2, pp. 337-67. Presentation (Foreign Policy of China Focus on Engagement in Africa): Presentation (Causes of War): WEEK 10: NUCLEAR WEAPONS #15 Nuclear Strategy Joseph Cirincione. 2007. Bomb Scare: The History and Future of Nuclear Weapons. Columbia University Press, pp. 1-13. Thomas C. Schelling. 1966. The Diplomacy of Violence. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 149-62. Bernard Brodie. 1959. Strategy in the Missile Age. Santa Monica: RAND, pp. 264-304. Presentation: Presentation: 6
#16 Nuclear (In-)Stability Scott Sagan. 2003. Nuclear Instability in South Asia. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 239-49. Kenneth N. Waltz. 2003. Nuclear Stability in South Asia. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 250-59. Caitlin Talmadge. 2017. Would China Go Nuclear? Assessing the Risk of Chinese Nuclear Escalation in a Conventional War with the United States. International Security, 41:4, pp. 50-92. Presentation 1 (South Asia): Presentation 2 (North Korea): WEEK 11: ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE #17 Globalization Pre-selected Jeffrey Frankel. 2000. Globalization of the Economy. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 309-324. Dani Rodrik. 2001. Trading in Illusions. In Art and Jervis, International Politics, pp. 347-54. Emilie M. Hafner-Burton. 2005. Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression. International Organization, 59:3, pp. 593-624. Francis Fukuyama 1992 The End of History and the Last Man Western liberal democracy as final form of government? #18 Trade and Conflict Katherine Barbieri. 2002. The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace? University of Michigan Press, pp. 17-42. Dale C. Copeland. 2014. Economic Interdependence and War. Princeton University Press, pp. 1-13, 122-42. Samuel P. Huntington 1996 The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Future wars between cultures not countries, Islamic extremism. WEEK 12: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE #19 Global Structure 7
Elinor Ostrom. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-21. John G. Ruggie. 1992. Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution. International Organization, 46:3, pp. 561-98. Jonathan (TBC) Henry Kissinger 2014 World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History Diplomacy and Strategy now and then, Cold War, Balance of Power. Presentation (Multilateralism & Global Governance): Iskandar #20 Global Agency Deborah D. Avant, Martha Finnemore, and Susan K. Sell (eds.). 2010. Who Governs the Globe? Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-31. Daniel W. Drezner. 2004. The Global Governance of the Internet: Bringing the State Back In. Political Science Quarterly, 119:3, pp. 477-98. Presentation (One Belt One Road): Heather WEEK 13: TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS #21 Global Networks I New Non-State Actors Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, pp. 1-38. Anne-Marie Slaughter. 2004. A New World Order. Princeton University Press, pp. 1-35. Presentation (New Non-State Actors): #22 Global Networks II Terrorism Bruce Hoffman. 2006. Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press, pp. 40-41, 63-80. Martha Crenshaw. 2011. Explaining Terrorism: Causes, Processes, and Consequences. New York: Routledge, pp. 34-50. David D. Laitin and Jacob N. Shapiro. The Political, Economic, and Organizational Sources of Terrorism. In Philip Keefer and Norman Loayza (eds.), Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness. Cambridge University Press, pp. 209-232. Presentation (Terrorism): 8
WEEK 14: GLOBAL ORDER AND TRANSITION #23 American World Order? G. John Ikenberry. 2011. Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order. Princeton University Press, pp. 1-32. Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlforth. 2008. World out of Balance: International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy. Princeton University Press, pp. 1-21. Graham Allison 2017 Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides s Trap? Power Transition. #24 Power Transition The Rise of China? Robert Gilpin. 1981. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-15, 186-210. Aaron L. Friedberg. 2005. The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable? International Security, 30:2, pp. 7-45. David Kang 2009 China Rising Peace, Power and Order in East Asia Critique of Western IR models that predict conflict due to China s rise. Final Exam. (Date to be decided.) 9
BOOK PRESENTATIONS OVERVIEW: Kenneth Waltz 1979 Theory of International Politics Founder of Neo-Realism or Structural Realism Hans Morgenthau 1948 Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace Realism, Power Politics. Robert O. Keohane 1984 After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy Neo-Liberalism Robert Jervis (1976/ 2017) Perception and Misperception in International Politics Psychology & World Politics. Henry Kissinger 2014 World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History Diplomacy & Strategy now and then, Cold War, Balance of Power. Francis Fukuyama 1992 The End of History and the Last Man Western Liberal Democracy as final form of government? Samuel P. Huntington 1996 The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order Future Wars between Cultures not Countries, Islamic Extremism. Graham Allison 2017 Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides s Trap? Power Transition, China s Rise. David Kang 2009 China Rising Peace, Power and Order in East Asia Critique of Western IR Models that Predict Conflict due to China s Rise. THEMATIC PRESENTATIONS OVERVIEW: Theory Liberal Theory Preferences, Interests, Institutions, and Information Democratic Peace Theory Constructivism Why States Fight Explanations, e.g. from Peace- and Conflict-Studies Strategy in times of Nuclear Weapons Historical & Contemporary Normative & Strategic Cultures, e.g. o USA o China o India Case Studies The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear (In-)Stability in South Asia Nuclear Threat by North Korea Multilateralism & Global Governance New Non-State Actors, e.g. International Civil Society International Terrorism Foreign Policy Structure versus Agency, Concrete Case Studies e.g. o USA o China o India 10