birth control birth control Consciously preventing unwanted pregnancies. Consciously preventing unwanted pregnancies. birth rate brain drain Scientists from Britain to America The number of live births per thousand of the population, per year. The emigration of highly educated people due to better employment prospects in another country. coastal plain New York commuting Level land with a moderate climate, near the sea. It offers access to international trade through sea ports. Travelling a substantial distance to and from work each day. 1
congestion contraception Slow moving traffic or jams caused by too many vehicles, not enough roads or poor traffic management. Another name for birth control and preventing unwanted pregnancies. counter-urbanisation counter-urbanisation The migration of people away from cities to the countryside, due to quality of life choices. It usually only happens in MEDCs. The migration of people away from cities to the countryside, due to quality of life choices. It usually only happens in MEDCs. death rate death rate Trend in Death Rates 1850-2000 Developed countries Developing countries The number of deaths per thousand of the population, per year. The number of deaths per thousand of the population, per year. 2
declining Switzerland 2000 2050 demography Describes a population which is falling. The study of population. densely populated Hong Kong dependant Describes a place which has a large population for the area of land. A person who does not earn a living and who is supported by economically active people. dependency ratio destination The number of dependants per hundred economically active people. This ratio measures population dependency. The place that a migrant is going to. UK Poland 3
draining Netherlands economically active Removing the water from a marsh area in order to make more farmland. A person who is working and earning a living. These people support dependents. emigrant emigrant A person who is leaving a country to live somewhere else. A person who is leaving a country to live somewhere else. emigrate To leave a country to live somewhere else. family planning China s One Child Policy. China has an aging population. Of its 143 million elderly, most live in rural areas. Many of the elderly are totally dependent on relatives. However, the one child policy has been successful in slowing population growth and enabling China to develop economically. The conscious control of family size. 4
growing high altitude China Describes a population which is rising. Places which are well above sea level, often difficult to reach, have steep slopes and poor soils making farming difficult. They can only support a small population. high dependency hostile environment Deserts When too many dependants are supported by too few economically active people. An environment which is difficult for people to live in. immigrant immigrate A person who enters a country to live permanently. To enter a country to live. 5
infant mortality rate infant mortality rate The number of babies dying before the age of one, per thousand live births. The number of babies dying before the age of one, per thousand live births. international migration international migration The movement of people from one country to another. The movement of people from one country to another. international migration life expectancy The movement of people from one country to another. The average number of years people are expected to live. 6
local migration local migration Push Pull The movement of people within the same local area. The movement of people within the same local region. low dependency When there are easily enough economically active people to support all the dependants. lowland plain A natural feature which is flat with fertile soils, good for farming. Ireland migrant migrant A person moving from one place to another - usually to another country. A person moving from one place to another - usually to another country. 7
migration natural decrease The movement of people from one place to another. A population fall due to the death rate being higher than the birth rate. natural hazard natural increase A threat to life not caused by man, e.g. volcano, earthquake or flood. A population rise due to the birth rate being higher than the death rate. natural resources Energy overpopulated Things found in nature which are useful for humans. Populations place demands on these. A place which has too many people and too few resources to support them all efficiently. 8
optimum population optimum population A place which has a balance between the number of people and the resources needed to support them all efficiently. A population which is just about right for the area and the natural resources available. origin Migration of people in Italy pesticide The place that a migrant comes from. Chemicals added to the crops to kill animal pests. They can contaminate the food chain. pesticide population Chemicals added to the crops to kill animal pests. They can contaminate the food chain. The number of people living in an area. 9
population density population dependency number of economically active people number of dependants The average number of people per square kilometre. A ratio comparing the number of dependants with the number of economically active people. population dependency UK Population dependency 0-15 Years 30-44 Years 60-74 Years population distribution 2001 20 28 13 2011 18 20 15 2021 18 19 17 2031 17 19 19 2041 17 18 17 A ratio comparing the number of dependants with the number of economically active people. Where people live and how they are spread out. population explosion A dramatic rise in the size of a population. The World is having a population explosion now. population growth An increase in the size of a population. 10
population pyramid population structure Japan 2000 The proportion of males and females of each age group in a population. A graph which shows population structure. pull factor Stable democracy push factor War A reason that attracts people to a new country. A reason that makes people want to leave their homeland. refugee regional migration A person who has been forced to leave their homeland, usually due to extreme economic conditions, persecution or war. The movement of people within a country, from one region to another. 11
river valley Rhine in Germany A natural river feature that provides shelter, transport, and water supply. ruralurban migration Migration from the countryside to the city, due to better facilities and employment prospects. rural-urban migration sparsely populated Migration from the countryside to the city, due to better facilities and employment prospects. Describes a place which has a low population density, e.g. Canada or Greenland. stable population Japan 2000 sustainable development A population which is not changing much. Development which considers the needs of future generations. Renewal of resources is greater than, or equal to, the use of resources. 12
under-populated under-populated Describes a population which is too small to use the full benefit of the resources available to them, e.g. the Amazon basin. A place which has too few people and too many resources to support them all efficiently. 13