Eras of Study: Timelines

Eras of Study: Timelines

Dates to know: 1. The United States began to expand their influence with the territory gained in the Spanish-American War in the Caribbean, Central America, and the Philippines in 1898. 2. The United States became involved in the final two years of World War One which was fought from 1914-1918 3. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was the start of the Great Depression in the United States. 4. The United States was involved in World War Two from 1941-1945. 5. The Soviet Union successfully launched the satellite Sputnik in 1957 beginning the space race. 6. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr in 1968 7. The United States lands on the moon in July, 1969 8. November, 1989 the Berlin Wall falls leading to the end of the Cold War in 1991. 9. Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 Important People 10. Jane Addams was a reformer in the Progressive Era that created the Hull House settlement home to ease urban poverty. 11. American Expeditionary Force commanded by Gen. John J. Pershing were the U.S. Army force during WWI. 12. Susan B. Anthony was a leading activist for women s suffrage. 13. Vernon J. Baker (WWII), Roy Benavidez (Vietnam), and Alvin York (WWI) are all recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor. 14. Black Panthers were a civil rights organization that focused on Black Power instead of non-violence. 15. Omar Bradley and George Patton were World War II Generals under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower in the European Theater. 16. William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow were the two attorneys arguing the Scopes case over the teaching of evolution in public schools. This is an example of the conflict between traditional thoughts and modern theories. 17. George H.W. Bush was President during the Gulf War and the collapse of the U.S.S.R. 18. George W. Bush was President during 9/11 and the War on Terror. 19. Andrew Carnegie was an entrepreneur and philanthropist that brought the Bessemer Process to the U.S. 20. Jimmy Carter was President during the 1970 s who helped broker peace between Egypt and Israel with the Camp David Accords. High inflation rates and the Iranian Hostage Crisis led to his defeat by Ronald Reagan. 21. Cesar Chavez organized the United Farm Workers with Dolores Huerta in the 1960 s to fight for the rights of Hispanic migrant farmers. 22. Bill Clinton was President in the 1990 s and continued the growth of the American economy from the 1980 s with further deregulation. He was impeached but found not guilty in 1996. His wife, Hillary Clinton, was a very active First Lady and eventual U.S. Senator and Secretary of State. 23. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) were all all active civil rights organizations that utilized non-violence. 24. Glenn Curtiss is considered the Father of Naval Aviation. 25. Alexis De Tocqueville was a French author who wrote about the five values of America crucial to our success: liberty (freedom), egalitarianism (equality), individualism (personal choice), populism (rule by the people), and laissez-faire ( hand off government concerning the economy) 26. Sanford B. Dole was an expansionist at the turn of the century that helped secure Hawaii as a territory. 27. W.E.B. DuBois was a civil rights leader calling for racial equality during the Progressive Era. His ideas clashed with that of Booker T. Washington that focused on hard work and enduring racial inequality until tensions eased naturally. 28. Orval Faubus was a segregationist Governor of Arkansas that tried to stop the integration of Central High in Little Rock. President Eisenhower was forced to send troops to protect the Little Rock Nine. 29. Henry Ford was an entrepreneur and owner of the Ford Motor Company that pioneered the assembly line and $5 wage. 30. Bill Gates is an entrepreneur, philanthropist, and owner of Microsoft. 31. The Flying Tigers were a celebrated Army Air Corp outfit during WWII that volunteered to aid help defend China before the U.S. entered the war. 32. Betty Friedan was the author of The Feminine Mystique and the pioneer of the modern Feminist movement. 33. Marcus Garvey sparked the Back to Africa movement during the Roaring 20 s.

34. Billy Graham is an evangelist who talked about the importance of Christianity in fighting off the threat of Communism. He has served as a spiritual advisor to many Presidents since the 1950 s 35. Barry Goldwater was a leader in the new conservative movement who ran for President in 1964. His platform paved the ways for the ideas of Ronald Reagan and helped change voting demographics in the South. 36. Warren G. Harding was the President that led the Return to Normalcy of laissez faire policies during the Roaring 20 s. 37. Lyndon B. Johnson was the President during the 1960 s that helped guide the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Great Society through Congress. He expanded number of soldiers in Vietnam and the powers of the President with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. 38. John F. Kennedy was President in the early 1960 s. Before his assassination he helped the country focus on the New Frontier including the race to the moon. 39. Martin Luther King, Jr was the founder of the SCLC and prominent civil rights leader. He focused on nonviolent direct action to draw attention to discrimination. He was assassinated in 1968. 40. Estee Lauder is an entrepreneur and makeup designer. 41. Charles A. Lindbergh was the first person to complete a solo transatlantic flight. 42. Henry Cabot Lodge was an expansionist at the turn of the 20th century. 43. Douglas MacArthur was the Allied Commander of the Pacific Theater. Admiral Chester Nimitz was in charge of the Pacific Fleet. 44. Lester Maddox was elected Governor of Georgia due to his segregationist beliefs. He closed his restaurant business instead of choosing to integrate. 45. Alfred Thayer Mahan was an expansionist that supported an increase in the size of the U.S. Navy. 46. George Marshall was a U.S. General and Secretary of State whose Marshall Plan was a way to economically support the nations of Europe. 47. Thurgood Marshall argued the Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court for the NAACP. He was also nominated as the first African-American Supreme Court Justice. 48. Joseph McCarthy was the Senator who claimed that there were Communists within the United States government. The fear that was spread throughout the country was known as McCarthyism. 49. Navajo Code Talkers used their native language to speak in code during WWII in the Pacific. The Japanese were unable to decipher their messages. 50. Richard M. Nixon was the President that brought a peace to the Vietnam War, detente to China and the USSR, and ended in scandal with the Watergate affair. 51. Barack Obama was elected as the first African-American President in 2008. 52. Sandra Day O Connor was the first female Supreme Court Justice. 53. Rosa Parks was a leader in the civil rights movement whose civil disobedience led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. 54. Ronald Reagan was the President that brought that helped bring an end to the Cold War, restored American confidence in government, and increased military spending through his Peace Through Strength philosophy. 55. Eleanor Roosevelt was First Lady during the Great Depression and World War II that was an active supporter of women and minority rights. 56. Franklin D. Roosevelt was President during the Great Depression and World War II who used the New Deal to promote relief, recovery, and reform. 57. Theodore Roosevelt was President during a period of American expansion including the building of the Panama Canal. 58. Phyllis Schlafly was a vocal opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment. 59. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who authored The Jungle that was critical of the meat packing industry that led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. 60. Sonia Sotomayor is the first Hispanic-American on the Supreme Court. 61. Southern Democrats were a political group that supported segregationist policies during the Civil Rights Era. 62. Harry Truman was the President during the end of World War II and the start of the Cold War. 63. Tuskegee Airmen was the all African-American Army Air Corp unit during World War II. 64. George Wallace was the segregationist Governor of Alabama and Presidential candidate that wanted, Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever! 65. Sam Walton is an entrepreneur and founder of Wal-Mart. 66. Earl Warren was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court ruled on many decisions that were significant in the extension of personal liberties such as Brown v Board of Education.

67. Ida B. Wells was a civil rights activist that brought attention to lynching in the South; co-founder of the NAACP. 68. Frances Willard was a temperance leader during the Progressive Era that fought for Prohibition. 69. Woodrow Wilson was the President during World War I. At the conclusion of the war he fought for the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and the U.S. membership in the League of Nations. The Senate voted no opting instead for a policy of isolationism. 70. Oprah Winfrey is an entrepreneur and talk-show host. Principles of the Constitution Principle What it says Reason: Limited Government There are some things the government cannot do. Fear of rule similar to King George III Popular Sovereignty We the People Belief that government derives it s power from the consent of the governed... (Dec. of Ind.) Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Three branches with specific jobs: Legislative (writes the laws), Executive (enforces the laws), and Judicial (interprets the laws). Each branch has specific powers to check that other branches are doing their job so that government is balanced. Ensure that power isn t consolidated in the hands of one person or group. Rule of King George III and Parliament over the colonies. Federalism Shared powers between the state and national government. Allows for more local control. Republicanism The right to to elect representatives. Continue the English tradition of law by elected representatives. (Magna Carta) Individual Rights The amendments. Written down rights in the Bill of Rights previously held under the English Bill of Rights. Significant constitutional amendments we studied: # Description 1 Freedom of P ress, peaceful A ssembly, P etition, freedom from the E stablishment of official religion, R eligious freedom of expression, and S peech. (PAPERS) 2 The right to bear arms. 3 No quartering of soldiers. 4 No illegal search or seizure. 5 No double jeopardy ; the government cannot seize your property without just compensation. 6 Speedy public trial by jury in a criminal case. 7 Speedy public trial by jury in a civil case. 8 No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment. 9 The enumerated powers -- you have other rights not listed here. 10 states rights -- any power not included in the constitution belongs to the states. 13 FREE -- ended slavery

14 CITIZENS -- anyone born in the United States is a citizen. This is the tool used by the Supreme Court in the 20th Century to expand the Bill of Rights to apply to state laws. 15 VOTE -- race is not a factor in determining the right to vote. 16 Income Tax -- helps fund federal programs created during Progressive Era. 17 Direct election of Senators by popular vote instead of by Governor/state legislature nomination. 18 Prohibition. Due to a large increase in illegal activity, this is the only amendment to be repealed by the 21st. 19 Women s suffrage -- the right to vote cannot be limited by gender. 22 Limits the number of terms that a President can serve to two. 24 Eliminates the poll tax -- ends voter discrimination and allows for free elections. 25 Outlines the order of succession for the President in case of death or incapacitation. 26 Lowered the voting age to 18. Supreme Court Cases Plessy v Ferguson (1896) - allowed for segregation in public places when the facilities are separate but equal. Korematsu v U.S. (1942) - allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Schechter Poultry v US (1935 ) - overturned the New Deal program the NIRA during the Great Depression due to concerns of Executive Branch abuse of power. This led to FDR unsuccessfully trying to add justices to the Supreme Court. Mendez v Westminster (1946) - Said that separate but equal didn t apply in CA public schools because there was no state law outlining the policy. Delgado v Bastrop (1948) -- Application of Mendez v Westminster in Texas. Sweatt v Painter (1950) - Said that segregation in colleges is not allowed when there is no alternative school or program. Brown v Board (1954 ) - Ruled that separate but equal did not apply to public schools. Hernandez v Texas (1954) -- Ended the exclusion of hispanics from juries in Texas. Reynolds v Sims (1964) -- Ruled that state legislative districts be roughly equal in population Miranda v Arizona (1966) - Ruled that officers need to make sure that people who are arrested need to be informed of their rights. Today this action by police is known as reading the Miranda warning. Tinker v Des Moines (1969) - Ruled that students and teachers do not give up their right to free speech at the schoolhouse gate. Wisconsin v Yoder (1972) - Allowed parents to choose to educate their children at home. Roe v Wade (1972) - Suit that allows women the option to terminate a pregnancy. White v Regester (1973) - Ruled that state multi-member congressional districts could not discriminate against minority residents through the drawing of districts. Bakke v California (1978) - Ruled that quotas as affirmative action could not be used in determining admission to a university. Edgewood v Kirby (1993) - Ruled that the redistribution of funds from wealthy school districts is constitutional.