Absolute, Catholic, Wars and bad economic decisions Palace of Versailles / new power and status From Tudors to Stuarts To Parliament or not to Parliament Cavaliers / Roundheads Oliver Cromwell and theocracy William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution Protestant / Bill of Rights and Parliament s supremacy Voltaire's quip / Thirty Years War & Peace of Westphalia Prussia and Protestantism / Austria and Catholicism From Mongols, to Ivan, to Peter (Westernization)
A. Absolute rulers who use their powers to bring about positive political and social change. 1. philosophers attempted to enlighten monarchs across Europe
B. Frederick the Great 1. King of Prussia from 1740-1786 2. nicknamed First Servant of the State Question: What does this nickname tell us about Frederick s attitude? 3. admired Voltaire 4. created academies of science, helped the peasants, and granted greater religious tolerance In my kingdom, everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion F to the G
C. Catherine the Great 1. Tsarina of Russia 2. exchanged letters with Diderot and Voltaire a. men who fought the united enemies of humankind: superstition, fanaticism, ignorance and trickery 3. more ideas than action a. expanded Russia s borders but changed Russian society very little
D. Joseph II 1. Emperor of Austria; son of Maria Theresa 2. nicknamed the Peasant Emperor because he would travel in disguise as a poor peasant Question: Why would Joseph II want to travel in disguise within his own borders? 3. ended censorship and eased religious persecution 4. confiscated and sold Catholic Church property to build hospitals and schools 5. reforms were cancelled after his death
II. Britain in 1750 A. How did Britain, a small island nation, become so powerful? 1. geography made it easier to dominate trade = $ 2. won many wars a. own colonies in North American (Canada and US today) = $ b. India = $ c. controlled slave trade = $ 3. built superior navy (no standing army) 4. favorable business environment (laissez fair ) 5. government was a constitutional government 6. England unites with neighbors to become the United Kingdom of Britain a. union with Scotland in 1707 b. Wales c. begin to dominate Ireland and suppress Catholicism and Irish traditions
II. Britain in 1750 B. King George III 1. attempts to reassert absolute power; fails 2. tries to pressure American (still British) colonists to pay more tax $; fails
III. The American Revolution: Facts A. Thomas Paine s Common Sense Tis repugnant to reason, to the universal order of things, to all examples from former ages, to suppose that this continent can long remain subject to any external power Question: Paine states that it will be impossible for a nation to rule the Americas as a colony for much longer
The American Revolution B. the 13 American British colonies revolt over taxes without representation among other issues 1. slogans of Join, or Die and Don t Tread on Me
The American Revolution C. George Washington leads the overmatched Constitutional Army D. July 4 th, 1776 American colonies sign the Declaration of Independence Question: E. The Revolution 1. Americans outmatched but fighting for freedom and have home-field advantage 2. French agree to help Americans in 1777 3. war over by 1783 and Treaty of Paris signed in Yorktown, Virginia
Coup d'état also known as a coup, a putsch, or an overthrow, is the sudden deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment typically the military to depose the extant government and replace it with another body, civil or military. A coup d'état is considered successful when the usurpers establish their dominance. When the coup neither fails completely nor succeeds, a civil war is a likely consequence. thanks Wikipedia
DISCUSS! 2. Evaluate the following phrase, The American Revolution was revolutionary. Discuss the chapter s argument that little about the American Revolution was actually revolutionary and list evidence to support this contention. Also, provide arguments that would support the converse assertion.
Question: What will the terms,, and represent?
1. aimed to preserve colonial liberties rather than gain new ones a. Colonists had considerable autonomy under British rule b. colonists regarded autonomy as their birthright c. few thought of breaking ties with Britain before 1750
1. colonial society was far more egalitarian 2. in manners, British colonists were republican well before the revolution 3. No titled nobility or established religion
1. needed money for its global war against France 2. new taxes and tariffs were imposed on the colonies 3. no taxation without representation 4. American colonists denied Englishman status 5. colonial economic interest were challenged 6. Britain began to challenge traditional colonial local autonomy
1. no significant social transformation came with independence 2. accelerated democratic tendencies that were already established 3. political power remained in the hands of existing elites
1. the hope and model of the human race 2. declaration of the right to revolution inspired other colonies around the world 3. U.S. Constitution was one of the first lasting efforts to put Enlightenment ideals into practice.
Atlantic Revs within this context Safavid, Mughal, Wahhabis in Ottoman, Russia, China, West Africa 1. costly wars that put strains on European states were global rather than regional [7 Years War] 2. revolutions were closely linked with one another Jefferson, France and Bolivar
1. abolitionism 2. suffrage extended 3. constitutions 4. greater equality for women 5. nationalism 6. ideas and equality
1. What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution both in world history generally and in the history of the Atlantic revolutions? 2. What made Haiti the riches colony in the world? 3. What were the four major sections of the Haitian population prerevolution? What were their demands/goals? 4. Why and how did the Spanish and British get involved in Haiti? 5. What was the Independence Debt? 6. What did Remember Haiti mean to a) whites / Europeans and b) blacks? 7. Assessing the effects: what were the pros and cons of the Haitian Revolution?
1. How were the Spanish American revolutions shaped by the American, French and Haitian Revolutions that happened earlier? 2. What made the Spanish colonies different than those of British North America? 3. What role did Napoleon play in the Latin American revolutions? 4. Describe the role of nativism in the Latin American revolutions. How does it relate to nationalism? 5. Why no United States of Latin America? *6. Describe the different futures of North and South America and the reasons why. How does this relate to modernity?