Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies

Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies

Aurel Croissant David Kuehn Editors Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies Democratic Control and Military Effectiveness in Comparative Perspectives

Editors Aurel Croissant Institute of Political Science Heidelberg University David Kuehn Institute of Political Science Heidelberg University ISBN 978-3-319-53188-5 ISBN 978-3-319-53189-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53189-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936484 Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Acknowledgments The first drafts of most of the contributions to this volume were presented at the workshop entitled Reforming Defense and Military Policy-Making in New Democracies: Obstacles, Opportunities, and Outcomes, hosted by Heidelberg University in February 2015. The editors of this volume are most grateful for the generous financial support from the Fritz Thyssen Foundation for this workshop. We are also grateful to Samuel Ignacio Rivera-Páez, Insoo Kim, Roger Darby, and Rafa Martinéz for their comments, suggestions, and criticisms during the workshop. We also thank Rebecca Abu Sharkh, Sophie Kara, and Kai Brumm of the Institute of Political Science at Heidelberg University for their assistance in the proofreading and formatting of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the authors of this volume for their encouragement, patience, commitment, and continuous support, without which this publication would not have been possible. v

Contents 1 Introduction... 1 Aurel Croissant and David Kuehn 2 The Long Shadow of History: Civilian Control and Military Effectiveness in Poland... 23 Marek Rohr-Garztecki 3 Institutional Failure and Civic Activism: The Potential for Democratic Control in Post-Maidan Ukraine... 41 Rosaria Puglisi 4 Civil-Military Relations in Two Third Wave Democracies: The First and a Follower... 63 Thomas C. Bruneau 5 Mexico: A Civil-Military Pact Unravelling?... 83 Peter Hachemer 6 Civilian Control and Military Effectiveness in South Africa and Ghana... 103 Anne-Marie Parth and Susanne Schneider 7 Civilian Control and Defense Policy in Indonesia s Nascent Democracy... 129 Aditya Batara Gunawan 8 Reforming Defense and Military Policy-Making in South Korea, 1987 2012... 151 David Kuehn 9 Democratic Control and Military Effectiveness of the Turkish Armed Forces... 171 Tuba Eldem vii

viii Contents 10 Lebanon: The Limits of Controlling a National Army in a Sectarian State... 193 Sophie Kara 11 Strengthening the Tunisian Armed Forces? Reforming Defense and Military Policy-Making in Tunisia... 213 Saïd Haddad

Editors and Contributors About the Editors Aurel Croissant is Professor at the Institute of Political Science at Heidelberg University, Germany. His research focuses on democracy and democratization, comparative authoritarianism, civil military relations, and East and Southeast Asian politics. He is co-editor of the journal Democratization and lead researcher in a number ongoing research projects on policy diffusion in democracies and authoritarian regimes; military responses to dictator s endgames; and populism and transformation in the early twenty-first century. David Kuehn is research fellow at the Institute of Political Science at Heidelberg University, Germany. He is coordinator of the Working Group Civilian Control of the Military of the European Research Groups on Military and Society (ERGOMAS), and editor in charge of book reviews for the journal Democratization. His research focuses on democratization and authoritarianism, civil-military relations, and social science methodology. Contributors Thomas C. Bruneau Distinguished Professor Emeritus of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA Aurel Croissant Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Tuba Eldem Department of International Relations, Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey ix

x Editors and Contributors Aditya Batara Gunawan Political Science Department, Bakrie University, Jakarta, Indonesia Peter Hachemer Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, Saïd Haddad Saint-Cyr Military Academy, Guer, France Sophie Kara Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany David Kuehn Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Anne-Marie Parth Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Rosaria Puglisi IAI Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome, Italy Marek Rohr-Garztecki Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland Susanne Schneider Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University,