The Great Depression Outcome: Franklin Roosevelt & The New Deal 1. Background a. Youth and Personal Life i. Born into New York family ii. Spoiled;, doted on iii. Educated ---> history & law ( ) iv. Married Roosevelt ( 1 st Lady); 6 kids v. 1921 age 39 ---> stricken w/ (changed his life) b. Long Political Career i. 1910 NY ; 1912 Asst. Secr. Of ii. 1920 Presidential candidate --> lost to /Coolidge iii. 1928-1932 ---> served as of NY iv. 1932 ---> defeats for Presidency 2. Presidency a. Character: ---> energetic,, confident, feared b. Broke Traditions i. Created a of experts to advise him (beyond his ) ii. Appointed 1 st to his cabinet: Frances iii. Called Congress into Emergency Session iv. Ordered a Nation Holiday (goal: to inspect the banks) v. Elected President times vi. Used to fullest ---> Chats c. Personal Attitude Toward Depression and The Role of Government i. Federal Government has a to help ---> if need be ii. Traditional Conservative Approach of: 1. Maintaining a budget 2. Cutting taxes & for recovery iii. Adopts theory of economist John Maynard who suggested: 1. Increasing government ; spend if necessary 2. taxes 3. Creating government programs 4. If workers have $, they will it, priming the economic pump d. Actions & Policies ---> Deal Program (3 part Assistance) i. ($, food, shelter; temporary ) 1. Ex., FERA, ii. (programs aimed at industrial & agricultural recovery, jobs) 1. Ex.,, PWA iii. (lasting changes; built in safeguards) 1. Ex., NLRB,, Social Security e. 1933 21 st Amendment ---> prohibition
3. FDR s Critics a. Some said he was too i. Conservatives called him a radical ii. Gave government too much control of the (TVA, jobs, etc) b. Demagogues said he moved too i. (King Fish) the 1. Louisiana & 2. Guaranteed every family a $ yearly income 3. Gov t would tax the and seize estates over $ 4. before he could run for president ii. Radio Priest 1. FDR at first and then grew with New Deal 2. Offered an annual living ; wanted banks 3. Blamed the ---> BAD! iii. ---> focused on program for the elderly 1. Plan would give people 60 and older $ ; could not save 2. Ideas led to c. Supreme said he abused power i. Declared many Recovery programs ii. Conservative Group (1930-36); FDR called them The 9 Men iii. Court Affair --> FDR s attempt to the Court (1937) iv. FDR loses the, but wins the retirements occur 4. FDR s Long-Term Impact a. Spending became procedure at Federal level (debt today?) b. Government s role in regulating the remains strong c. programs still exist (ex.,, Social Security) d. Federal government remains a big and growing e. 22 nd Amendment (1951) ---> term limit for presidency f. Democratic party membership 5. World Solutions to the Depression a. Dictators offered prosperity in exchange for power i. Germany: ---> Nazism ii. Italy: Mussolini ---> iii. ---> Stalin ---> b. The Stage is Set for
A New Deal Fights the Depression Chapter 15, Section 1 Notes Objectives Summarize the initial steps Roosevelt took to reform banking and finance, Identify critics of FDR s New Deal, Describe New Deal work programs. Main Idea and Why It Matters Now After becoming president, FDR used government programs to combat the Depression. Americans still benefit from programs that were begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Presidential Election of 1932 People were Lack of -- re-nominated Little chance of winning nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt 2 terms as governor of FDR Democrats win a 2/3 majority in the Democrats win ¾ majority in the FDR has to wait to take the office of President Plans for his term The New Deal FDR s highly skilled Formulate a set of policies for his administration Program designed to 3 Goals for the needy Economic Financial The First New Deal The First 100 Days of legislation in the nation s economy Reforms banking and finance _ Help
Relief to, jobs to the FDR Born into a Stricken with partially paralyzed First President to use to address the American public Talked about issues of Explained the New Deal in The New Deal Under Attack FDR used Spending more money than the Keynesian economics government spends money to More money in the hands of to fuel economic growth A necessary evil? The New Deal did not end the depression Liberal critics Conservative critics Too much! Interfered with Supreme Court The Supreme Court struck down in executive branch Interfered with (federalism) FDR proposes Reorganize judiciary and allow FDR gets to appoint new judges anyway due to 3 Critics Father Charles Coughlin Roman Catholic Wanted controlled banks and a guaranteed annual income Dr. Francis Townsend FDR not doing enough for Senator Huey Long of Louisiana program
Chapter 15 Section 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold I. MAIN IDEA: The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation s economy. II. THE SECOND 100 DAYS Build On Economy had improved but Unemployment Second New Deal called on III. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT Social Deep Great Traveled the country observing social conditions Urged her husband to appoint women IV. 1936 ELECTION Republican- Democrat- Who Won???- V. HELPING FARMERS 2 out of every five farms were mortgaged AAA struck down by Congress but was replaced Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act o Paid farmers for cutting production of soil depleting crops
VI. ROOSEVELT EXTENDS RELIEF Extends 2 nd New Deal to help youth and professionals WPA (Works Progress Administration)-headed by WPA created 1935-1943 Airports, roads, NYA (National Youth Administration) Provided VII. Improving Labor and Other Reforms Wagner Act- Sponsor Senator Robert F. Wagner o Reestablished the NIRA provision of collective bargaining o Protected the rights of workers to join unions o Prohibited unfair labor practices such as firing and threatening o Fair Labor Standards Act- set maximum hours at 44 hours per week and minimum wages at 25 cents an hour and increasing to o Also prohibited hazardous work for those under 18 VIII. THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT Passed in 1935 Act had 3 major parts 1. 2. 3. IX. EXPANDING AND REGULATING UTILITIES Rural Electrification Administration-financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity 1945-48% of America s farms had Public Utility Holding Company Act 1935
The New Deal Affects Many Groups MAIN IDEA: New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups. I. Gains Made By Women Under The New Deal Women appointed to important Slight increase in the outside the home increase of married women in the workplace from 1930-1940 II. III. IV. Problems of Women Not Solved By The New Deal Discrimination still existed in the Discriminatory Discriminatory Examples Of Appointees To Important Government Positions Frances Perkins: Gains African Americans Made Under The New Deal Increased political voice through greater Organizations created for V. Problems of African Americans Not Solved by The New Deal Racial in all areas of life Roosevelt failed to support in all cases o Roosevelt was afraid of upsetting voters in the South VI. VII. Examples of African American Appointees To Important Government Positions Mary McLeod Bethune- An educator who dedicated herself to promoting William Hastie and Robert C. Weaver- Appointed by Bethune and advised the Roosevelt Administration on racial issues, part of the black cabinet Gains Unions Made Under The New Deal Better Increased power
o Sit Down Strike: o Effective bargaining tool because scab workers could not be hired o Dramatic in membership VIII. Problems of Unions Not Solved By The New Deal Strike Example: MEMORIAL DAY MASSACRE- Big business opposition to labor unions IX. Example Of A Union Organized During The New Deal Congress of Industrial Organizations-