Contemporary Debates in International Relations Theory

SPS 1st term Seminar 2013-2014 Contemporary Debates in International Relations Theory Organised by Jennifer Welsh Dates/Rooms: 1)Tuesday, 26 Nov 2013, 11:00 13:00, Seminar Room 3 2) Wednesday, 27 Nov 2013, 11:00 13:00, Seminar Room 3 3) + 4) Thursday, 28 Nov 2013, 9:00 13:00, Seminar Room 3 5) Friday, 29 Nov 2013, 11:00 13:00, Seminar Room 2 6) Tuesday, 10 Dec 2013, 9:00 11:00, Seminar Room 3 7) Wednesday, 11 Dec 2013, 15:00 17:00, Seminar Room 4 8) Thursday, 12 Dec 2013, 9:00 11:00, Seminar Room 3 9) Tuesday, 14 Jan 2014, 13:00 15:00, Seminar Room 3 10) Tuesday, 21 Jan 2014, 13:00 15:00, Seminar Room 3 Please register with Monika.Rzemieniecka@eui.eu 1. Course Syllabus This course focuses on ideas about, and explanations of, international relations, concentrating mainly (but not exclusively) on the major theoretical approaches in the academic study of international relations since 1945. The key theories and approaches to be examined include: realism and neo-realism; theories about war, security and the use of force in international relations; classical liberalism, globalization, and transformation in world politics; theories about inter-state co-operation and transnationalism; the concept of international society; constructivism and the impact of law and norms in international relations; neo-marxist and critical theory approaches to international relations; and normative theory and international ethics. The seminar should be seen as a core on which students build, not as complete coverage of all developments in the subject. 2. Seminar Content The ten topics this term are: 1. Theorizing in International Relations 2. Traditions of thought about International Relations 3. Realism and Neo-realism 4. Security, Insecurity and War 5. Liberalism and Liberal Institutionalism 6. Constructivism 7. International Society 8. International Law 9. Neo-Marxism and Critical Theory 10. Normative Theory and International Ethics

3. Teaching Arrangements The seminar is taught in two-hour sessions. At each meeting there are two short oral presentations by students on the topic questions (of no more than 10-15 minutes), followed by discussion. GENERAL BACKGROUND READING Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Relations (2008). Please note that we are reading a number of chapters from the Oxford Handbook of International Relations denoted OHIR below. The OHIR chapters are available on SOLO. Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas, and Simmons, Beth, eds. Handbook of International Relations (2002). Dunne, Tim, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith eds., International Relations Theories (2007). Barnett, Michael, and Duvall, Raymond (eds.), Power and Global Governance (2005). Baylis, John and Smith, Steve (eds.), The Globalization of World Politics (3rd edn. 2004). Booth, Ken and Steve Smith (eds.), International Relations Theory Today (1995). Bull, Hedley, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (3rd edn. 2002). Bull, The Theory of International Politics 1919-1969 in Brian Porter (ed.), The Aberystwyth Papers: International Politics 1919-1969 (1972). Burchill, Scott, Andrew Linklater (eds.), Theories of International Relations 3rd edn. 2005). Carr, E.H., The Twenty Years Crisis, 1919-1939. See introduction to 2001 edn. by Michael Cox. Clark, Ian, Globalisation and Fragmentation: International Relations in the 20th Century (1997). Craig, Gordon, and George, Alexander, Force and Statecraft (1983). Gilpin, Robert, The Political Economy of International Relations (1987). Halliday, Fred, Rethinking International Relations (1995). Hoffmann, Stanley, An American Social Science: International Relations, ch. 1 of Hoffmann, Janus and Minerva (1987). Hurrell, Andrew, On Global Order: Power, Values and the Constitution of International Society (2007). Keohane, Robert, International Institutions and State Power (1989). Keohane, Robert (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (1986). Mearsheimer, John, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001). Nye, Joseph, Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History (6th edn. 2003). Ruggie, John, Constructing the World Polity (1998). Smith, Steve and Hollis, Martin, Explaining and Understanding International Relations (1991). Smith, Steve and Marysia Zalewski (eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond (1996). Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State and War (1959). Waltz, Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979). Wendt, Alexander, Social Theory of International Politics (1999). Wight, Martin, International Theory: The Three Traditions, edited by Gabriele Wight and Brian Porter (1993). Wight, Martin, Power Politics (1945, revised 1979). 2

JOURNALS While the reading list focuses heavily on book, you should also be consulting the major IR journals to keep up with the field. These include: European Journal of International Relations, International Studies Quarterly, International Theory, International Organization, International Security, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Millennium, Review of International Studies and, World Politics. ***NOTE: All readings in bold are required readings for each session, other readings are recommended. WEEK 1: WHAT IT MEANS TO DO IR THEORY This seminar deals with questions of theory at a general level. The questions raised here have no definitive answers but are subject to on-going contention and evolution in the field and in the course! 1. Is it possible to do science in international relations? 2. What is (or should be) the relation between the practical/empirical and the conceptual/theoretical in IR theory? Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal. Between Utopia and Reality: The Practical Discourses of IR. OHIR Chapter 1. David A. Lake. The State and IR. OHIR Chapter 2. Barnett & Sikkink. From IR to Global Society. OHIR Chapter 3. Peter Katzenstein & Rudy Sil. Eclectic Theorizing in the Study and Practice of IR. OHIR Chapter 6. Patrick Jackson, The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations. Chapters 1, 2 and 7. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (1979), chs. 1, 4. Clark, Ian, 'Beyond the Great Divide: Globalization and the Theory of International Relations', Review of International Studies, 24, 1998, pp.479-98. Darby, Philip, 'A Disabling Discipline', OHIR Chapter 5. Hollis, Martin & Steve Smith, Explaining and Understanding International Relations (1991) Nau, Henry, 'Scholarship and Policy-Making: Who Speaks Truth to Whom?', OHIR Chapter 36. WEEK 2: TRADITIONS OF THOUGHT ABOUT INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS This class will begin by examining the thought (and subsequent reception) of perhaps the most widely cited classical theorist of the post-cold War era, Immanuel Kant. Then it will then consider the merits and problems of approaching the study of international relations through the study of traditions. 1. Was Kant a Kantian? 2. What problems are involved in the construction of traditions or patterns of thought in international relations? 3

Kant, Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose (1784); Perpetual Peace (1795); The Metaphysics of Morals (1797); in Hans Reiss ed., Kant s Political Writings (1991), 2nd ed., pp. 41-53, 93-130. 131-175. Habermas, J., Human rights, international law and the global order: Cosmopolitanism 200 years later: Kant's idea of perpetual peace, with the benefit of 200 years' hindsight, in Bohman, J., and Lutz-Bachman, M. Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant s Cosmopolitan Ideas (1997). Hurrell, Andrew, Kant and the Kantian Paradigm in International Relations, Review of International Studies 16 (July 1990). Georg Cavallar, Kantian Perspectives on democratic peace: alternatives to Doyle, Review of International Studies 27 (2001), Clark, Ian and Neumann, Iver (eds.), Classical Theories of International Relations (1996), chapters 1 and 4. Doyle, Michael, Kant, Liberal Legacies and Foreign Affairs Philosophy and Public Affairs, volume 12, 3 and 4 (Summer and Fall 1983). Also his Ways of War and Peace (1997), chapter 8. Jahn, Beate ed., Classical Theories of International Relations (Cambridge: CUP, 2006), chapters 1, 3, 4 and 8. Koskenniemi, Martti, Miserable Comforters: International Relations as New Natural Law, European Journal of International Relations 15 (2009). Reiss, Hans, Introduction, Kant. Political Writings, pp.1-40. Bartelson, Jens, 'Short Circuits: Society and Tradition in International Relations Theory', Review of International Studies 22 (1996): 339-60. Edward Keene, International Political Thought: A Historical Introduction (Cambridge: Polity, 2005), introduction. Nabulsi, Karma, The Conceptualization of War and the Value of Political Traditions, in Traditions of War: Occupation, Resistance, and the Law (2005); pp. 66-79. Schmidt, Brian, On the History and Historiography of International Relations, in Carlsnaes, Risse and Simmons eds., Handbook of International Relations (2013). Wight, Martin, Why there is no international theory, in Herbert Butterfield, and Martin Wight eds., Martin, Diplomatic Investigations (1966); and The Three Traditions of International Theory, in International Theory. The Three Traditions ed.gabriele Wight and Brian Porter (1991), pp. 7-24. Armitage, David, Foundations of Modern International Thought (2012). Beitz, Charles, Political Theory and International Relations (1979), part 1 Bell, Duncan, 'International Relations: The Dawn of a Historigraphical Turn?', British Journal of Politics and International Relations 3 (2001): 115-26. Boucher, David, Political Theory, International Theory, and the Political Theory of International Relations, in Andrew Vincent, ed., Political Theory. Tradition and Diversity (1997). pp.193-213. Dunne, Tim, 'Mythology or Methodology? Traditions in International Theory', Review of International Studies 19 (1993): 305-18 4

Gunnell, John G., 'The Myth of the Tradition', American Political Science Review 72 (1978): 122-34. Jeffery, Renée, 'Tradition as Invention: The "Traditions Tradition" and the History of Ideas in International Relations', Millennium 34 (2005): 57-83. Tully, James ed., Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics (1988), especially pp. 29-67 and 97-118. Walker, R.B.J., "Realism, Change and International Political Theory", International Studies Quarterly 31 (1987). WEEK 3: REALISM AND NEO-REALISM This seminar discusses the key differences between classical and neo-realism, general realist understandings of order in international relations, and neo-realism s explanatory approach. It also looks at the particular issues that arise out of the concept of the balance of power. 1. For classical realists conflict stems from human nature, while for neo-realists conflict stems from the nature of the international system. Is this an accurate assessment of the differences between classical and neo-realists? 2. Does the balance of threat approach (Walt) undermine the scientific aspirations of neorealism? Waltz, Kenneth, Theory of International Politics (1979), esp. chs. 5-6. Wohlforth, William, Realism, OHIR, Chapter 7. Donnelly, Jack, The Ethics of Realism OHIR, Chapter 8. Shimko, Keith, Realism, Neorealism and American Liberalism, Review of Politics, vol. 54, 2 (Spring 1992). Donnelly, Jack, Realism and International Relations (2000). Morgenthau, Hans, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace (1948, most recent edition, 1985). Niebuhr, R., Moral Man and Immoral Society (1932), esp. ch.4. Rose, Gideon, Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy, World Politics, Vol. 51, No. 1 (October, 1998). Smith, Michael, Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger (1986). Waltz, Kenneth, Man, the State and War (1959). Walt, Stephen M., The Origins of Alliances (pb. edn. 1987), esp. chs. 1 and 2. Legro, Jeffrey W. and Andrew Moravcsik, Is Anybody Still a Realist?, International Security, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Fall, 1999). Jervis, Robert, A Political Science Perspective on the Balance of Power and Concert, American Historical Review 97, 3 (1992). Feaver, Peter et al., Correspondence, Brother, Can You Spare a Paradigm? International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000), pp. 165-193. Glaser, Charles, Rational Theory of International Politics (2010). 5

Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001), pp. 1-54. Schweller, Randall L., 'The Progressiveness of Neoclassical Realism', in Elman & Elman (eds.), Progress in International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field (2003). Vasquez, John A., 'The realist paradigm and degenerative versus progressive research programs', American Political Science Review, 91.4, Dec 1997 and responses in same issue. WEEK 4: SECURITY, INSECURITY AND WAR This seminar deals with various issues relating to war, security and the use of force in international relations. It begins with more traditional theories about inter-state war and arguments about its obsolescence (including the so-called Democratic Peace thesis). It then addresses the changing definition of security in international relations. 1. How and why do some problems become securitized? 2. Is war among the major powers obsolete? Buzan, 'Rethinking Security After the Cold War', Cooperation and Conflict, 32.5, 1997. Williams, Michael, Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics, International Studies Quarterly 47 (2003). Ayoob, Mohammed, The Security Problematic of the Third World, World Politics, Vol. 43 (January 1991); or The Third World Security Predicament (1995). Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever, and Jappe de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis (1998). Krause, Keith and Michael Williams, Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (1997). Peterson, V. Spike, Security and Sovereign States: What is at Stake in Taking Feminism Seriously? in Gendered States: (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory (1992). Rothschild, Emma, What is Security?, Daedalus, Vol. 124, No. 3 (Summer, 1995). Williams, Michael, Culture and Security: Symbolic power and the politics of International Security (2007). Fearon, James, Rationalist Explanations for War, International Organization Vol. 49 (Summer 1995). Jervis, Robert, Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace, American Political Science Review 96, 1 (March 2002): 1-14. Adler, Emanuel and Barnett, Michael (eds.), Security Communities (Cambridge, 1998), esp. part I. Art, Robert and Kenneth Waltz (eds.), The Use of Force: Military Power and International Politics (5th edn. 1999), esp. chapters by Art, Jervis, Waltz, and Jervis. Brown, Michael, Lynn-Jones, Sean and Miller, Steven (eds.), Debating the Democratic Peace (1996). Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and David Lalman, War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives (1992). Chan, Steve, In Search of Democratic Peace: Problems and Promise, Mershon International Studies Review 41 (1997). 6

Mandelbaum, Michael, Is major war obsolete? An Exchange, Survival 40, 4 (Summer 1999), 139 Mearsheimer, John, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001), chapters 9 and 10. Mueller, John, Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War (pb. edn., 1990), esp. ch. 10. Owen, John M., Liberal Peace, Liberal War (1998). Rosato, Sebastian, The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory, American Political Science Review 97 (2003), 585-602. WEEK 5: LIBERALISM AND INSTITUTIONALISM This seminar will look at classical liberalism and its account of war and change in international relations and contrast these writings with contemporary analytical liberalism. It will also examine liberal institutionalism s response to neo-realism and its analysis of inter-state cooperation and the origin of institutions. 1. To what extent does Moravcsik transform liberalism from an ideology into a theory? 2. How successful is institutionalism in explaining international cooperation? Doyle, Michael, Ways of War and Peace (1997), esp. Part Two; Liberal Peace: Selected Essays (2012), esp. Chapter 3. Keohane, Robert, International liberalism reconsidered, in John Dunn ed., The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (1990). Moravcsik, Andy, The New Liberalism OHIR. OHIR, Chapter 13. Simpson, Gerry. The Ethics of the New Liberalism. OHIR Chapter 14. Angell, Norman, The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage (1912). Ashworth, Lucian, Creating International Studies: Angell, Mitrany and the Liberal Tradition (1995). Hoffmann, Stanley, Liberalism and International Affairs, in Janus and Minerva (1987). Jahn, Beate, 'Liberal Internationalism: From Ideology to Empirical Theory And Back Again', International Theory, Vol.1, No. 3 (2009) and correspondence in 2.1, March 2010.Long, David and Peter Wilson, Thinkers of the Twenty Years Crisis (1995). Moravcsik, Andrew, Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics, International Organization Vol. 51, No. 4 (1997). Moravcsik, Andrew, Liberal International Relations Theory: A Scientific Assessment in Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman (eds.), Progress in International Relations Theory (2002). Richardson, Contending Liberalisms: Past and Present, European Journal of International Relations Vol. 3, No. 1 (1997). Zacher, Mark and Matthew, Richard, Liberal International Theory: Common Threads, Divergent Strands, in Charles Kegley (ed.), Controversies in International Relations Theory (1995). Baldwin, David A., (ed.), Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (1993), esp. chs. 1,2,4 and 11. Stein, Arthur, Neoliberal Institutionalism OHIR, Chapter 11. 7

James Richardson Ethics of Neoliberal Institutionalism. OHIR, Chapter 12. Keohane, Robert, After Hegemony: Co-operation and Discord in the World Political Economy (1984), chs. 4-6. Abbott, Kenneth and Snidal, Duncan, Why States Act Through Formal International Organizations, Journal of Conflict Resolution 42 (1998). Axelrod, Robert, The Evolution of Co-operation (1984), esp. chs. 1-4. Hasenclever, Andrea, Peter Mayer and Volker Rittberger, Theories of International Regimes (pb. 2004). Jervis, Robert, Realism, Game Theory and Co-operation, World Politics 40, 3 (April 1988). Keohane, Robert, After Hegemony: Co-operation and Discord in the World Political Economy (1984). Keohane, Robert, Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World (2002). Mearsheimer, John J., The False Promise of International Institutions, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, (Winter 1994/95) and exchange in 20, 1. Milner, Helen, International Theories of Co-operation among Nations: Strengths and Weaknesses, World Politics 44 (April 1992). Ruggie, John, Constructing the World Polity (1998), Part I. WEEK 6: CONSTRUCTIVISM This seminar will assess the contributions of constructivism to the theory of international relations, particularly through the state centric approach of Wendt. It will also examine constructivist claims about the origins, evolution, and impact of norms in international relations. 1. How convincing is the argument that anarchy is what states make of it? 2. What are norms in international relations, and how do they matter? Adler, Emmanuel, Constructivism, in Carlsnaes, Walter et al, Handbook of International Relations, Chapter 5 (2002). Hurd, Ian, Constructivism, OHIR, Chapter 17. Richard Price, Ethics of Constructivism, OHIR, Chapter 18. Wendt, Alex, Anarchy is What States Make it: The Social Construction of International Relations, International Organization, 46, 2 (1992). Barkin, J. Samuel and Bruce Cronin, The State and the Nation: Changing Norms and the Rules of Sovereignty in International Relations, International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 1 (1994). Biersteker, Thomas, and Weber, Cynthia (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct (1996). Boli, John and George Thomas (eds.), Constructing World Culture (1999). Checkel, Jeffrey, The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory, World Politics, Vol. 50 (1998). Finnemore, Martha, National Interests and International Society (1996). Kratochwil, F., Creating a New Orthodoxy: Wendt s Social Theory of International Politics and the Constructivist Challenge, Millennium, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2000). Palan, Roland, A World of their Making: An Evaluation of the Constructivist Critique in International Relations, Review of International Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4 (2000). 8

Wendt, Alex, Social Theory of International Relations (1999), esp. Introduction, chs. 3 and 6. Wendt, Alexander, On Constitution and Causation in International Relations, Review of International Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1 (2000). Forum on Wendt s Social Theory of International Politics, Review of International Studies, Vol. 26, no. 1 (2000). Finnemore, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink, International Norm Dynamics and Political Change, International Organization, 52, 4 (1998). Kratochwil, F., How Do Norms Matter? in Michael Byers, ed., The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law (2000), ch. 3. Tannenwald, Nina, The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the non-use of nuclear weapons since 1945 (2007). Adler, Emanuel, Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 3 (1997). Hurrell, Andrew Norms and Ethics in International Relations in Carlsnaes et al, Handbook of International Relations. Katzenstein, Peter (ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (1996). Kratochwil, F., Rules, Norms and Decisions (1989). Price, Richard, Reversing the Gunsights: Transnational Civil Society targets Landmines, International Organization 52, 3 (1998). Risse, Thomas, '"Let's Argue!": Communicative Action in World Politics', International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 1-39 Sikkink, Kathryn (2011) The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics, esp. Ch.s 1 and 8 Wiener, Antje, Enacting Meaning in Use: Qualitative Research on Norms in International Relations, Review of International Studies, 35, 1 (2009). WEEK 7: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY This seminar will introduce the concept of international society (its foundations, its membership, and its primary institutions). It will also examine whether/how English School theorizing about international society has contributed to historical understanding of the evolution of international society. 1. In what ways do international society approaches represent a challenge to realism? 2. Does English School theorizing help us understand the evolution and expansion of international society? 9

Bull, Hedley, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (1977/2002). Cochran, Molly, The Ethics of the English School. OHIR, Chapter 16. Dunne, Tim, The English School. OHIR, Chapter 15.. Griffith, Martin, Order and International Society: The Real Realism, Review of International Studies Vol. 18 (1992). Alderson, Kai and Hurrell, Andrew (eds.), Hedley Bull and International Society (2000). Bellamy, Alex J. (ed.), The English School and its Critics (Oxford, OUP, 2004). Brown, Chris, International Theory and International Society: The Viability of the Middle Way?, Review of International Studies, vol. 21 (1995). Buzan, Barry, From International to World Society? English School Theory and the Social Structure of Globalization (2004). Clark, Ian, Legitimacy in World Society (Oxford: OUP, 2007). Dunne, Tim, Inventing International Society: A History of the English School (1998). Hurrell, Andrew, On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society, (2007). Linklater, Andrew and Hidemi Suganami, The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Reassessment (2006), Part I. Bull, Hedley and Adam Watson (eds.), The Expansion of International Society (1985). Gong, Gerrit, The Standard of 'Civilization' in International Law (1984). Keene, Edward, Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics (2002). Rosenberg, Justin, The Empire of Civil Society (1999), chapters 2, 5 & 6. Bell, Duncan (ed.), Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (2012), especially chapters 1, 3 & 4. Horowitz, Richard S., 'International Law and State Transformation in China, Siam and the Ottoman Empire during the Nineteenth Century', Journal of World History (Vol. 15, No. 4, 2004), pp. 445-86. Krasner, Stephen, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy (1999), especially chapters 1 & 6. Strang, David, 'Anomaly and Commonplace in European Political Expansion: Realist and Institutionalist Accounts', International Organization (Vol. 45, No. 2, 1991), pp. 143-62. Suzuki, Shogo, Civilization and Empire: China and Japan's Encounter with European International Society (2009). Watson, Adam, The Evolution of International Society (1992). Wight, Martin, Systems of States (1977). WEEK 8: INTERNATIONAL LAW This seminar will consider the specific character of international law and the various sources for law. We will also examine the ways in which law affects the behaviour of states, and how the nature of international law is changing. 10

1. Of what does international law consist? In what ways do legal rules differ from other kinds of rules? 2. How is the international legal order changing? Brunée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen, Legitimacy and Legality in International Law (2010), Introduction and Chapter Three. Byers, Michael. International Law. OHIR, Chapter 35. Cassese, Antonio, International Law in a Divided World (pb. edn. 1991), Sections I and II and ch. 11. D Amato, Anthony, Is International Law Really Law?, Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 79 (1985). Abbott, Kenneth et. al. The Concept of Legalization International Organizatoin 2000: 401-419. Byers, Michael (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law (2000), esp. chs. 1, 2, 4, 9. Chayes, A. and Chayes, A.H., The New Sovereignty (1996). Finnemore, Martha, Are legal norms distinctive?, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics (2000), 32: 699-705. Goldsmith, Jack and Eric Posner. The Limits of International Law (2005). Henkin, Louis, How Nations Behave (2nd ed., 1979), esp. part I, and ch. 12. Higgins, Rosalyn, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1994), chs. 1,2,3 and 6. Mégret, Frédéric, International law as law, in James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi, eds., The Cambridge Companion to International Law (2012) Reus-Smit, Christian (ed.), The Politics of International Law (2004), esp. chs. 1 and 2. Krisch, Nico, Beyond Constitutionalism. The Pluralist Structure of International Law (2010), Chapter One and Conclusion. Nicolaidis, Kalypso and Tong, Joyce, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol 24 (2004), pp. 1349-1375. Benvenisti, Eyal and Downs, George, The Empire s New Clothes: Political Economy and the Fragmentation of International Law, Stanford Law Review 60, (2007): 595-631. Kingsbury, Benedict, The Concept of Law in Global Administrative Law, European Journal of International Law 20 (2009): 23-57. Howse, Robert and Nicolaidis, Kalypso, "Legitimacy and Global Governance: Why a Constitution for the WTO is a step too far?" in Roger Porter, Pierre Sauve, Arvind Subramanian and Americo Zampetti, eds, Equity, Efficiency and Legitimacy: The Multilateral Koskenniemi, Martti, Miserable Comforters: International Relations as New Natural Law, European Journal of International Law 15, 3 (2009): 395-422. Roberts, Adam, 'Law and the Use of Force after Iraq', Survival, 45.2, Summer 2003. Slaughter, Anne-Marie, A New World Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004). Weiler, Joseph, The Geology of International Law: Governance, Democracy, and Legitimacy, Heidelberg Journal of International Law 624 (2004). 11

WEEK 9: NEO-MARXISM AND CRITICAL THEORY 1. What do neo-marxist approaches add to our theoretical understanding of international relations? 2. What is "critical" about Critical Theory? Can it reveal progressive possibilities immanent within the society of states? 3. How can poststructuralism s concern with subjectivity, identity, power, and discourse connect to the categories and concerns of IR? Cox, Robert, Approaches to World Order (with Timothy Sinclair) (1996), esp. chs. 4, 6 and 7. Gilpin, Robert, The Political Economy of International Relations (1987), ch. 2 ('Three Ideologies of Political Economy'). Gill, Stephen, Two Concepts of International Political Economy, Review of International Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4 (1990). Anievas, Alex (ed.) Marxism and World Politics: Contesting Global Capitalism (2010). Cardoso, F.H. and Faletto, E., Dependency and Development in Latin America (English edn. 1979), esp. Introduction. Hardt & Negri, Empire (2000). Habermas, Jürgen, 'Between Philosophy and Science: Marxism as Critique', in Theory and Practice (1986) Payne, Anthony, The Global Politics of Inequality (2005), chs. 1 and 9. Rosenberg, Justin The Empire of Civil Society (1994). Teschke, The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics and the Making of Modern International Relations (2003) Wallerstein, Immanuel, The Capitalist World Economy (1979). Hoffman, Mark, Critical Theory and the Inter-Paradigm Debate, Millennium, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1987). Linklater, Andrew, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the Post-Westphalian World (1998). Shapcott, Richard, Critical Theory, OHIR, Chapter 19. Eckersley, Robyn The Ethics of Critical Theory, OHIR, Chapter 20. Booth, Ken, Steve Smith and Marysia Zalewski (eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond (1996), Part IV. Ashley, Richard, Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique, Millennium, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1988). Ashley, Richard, Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique, Millennium, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1988). 12

Brown, Chris, Turtles all the Way Down: Anti-foundationalism, Critical Theory and International Relations, Millennium, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1994). Linklater, Andrew, Discourse ethics and the civilizing process, Review of International Studies 31 (2005). Reus-Smit, Chris and Price, Richard. Dangerous Liaisons? Critical International Relations Theory and Constructivism, European Journal of International Relations 4, 3 (1998): 259 294. Special issue of Review of International Studies, April 2007 ('Critical International Relations Theory after 25 Years') WEEK 10: NORMATIVE THEORY AND INTERNATIONAL ETHICS This seminar will address ethical approaches to understanding international relations. The discussion will focus on two issues that have been central to normative theorising: how justice claims are grounded; and the right and/or duty of humanitarian intervention. 1. How can claims about international justice be grounded? 2. Is humanitarian intervention a legitimate exception to the general prohibition on the use of force in international relations? Beitz, Charles, Political Theory and International Relations (1999, with a new afterword). Bell, Duncan, ed., Ethics and World Politics (2010), chapters 1, 4 and 8. Nardin, Terry, International Ethics. OHIR, Chapter 34. Hurrell, Andrew, On Global Order (2007), Chapter 12. Bull, Hedley, The Hagey Lectures, in Kai Alderson and Andrew Hurrell (eds.), Hedley Bull and International Society (2000). Brown, Chris, Sovereignty, Rights and Justice (2002). Buchanan, Allan, Justice, Legitimacy and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations of International Law (2004), Introduction and Part I. Caney, Simon, Justice beyond Borders: A Global Political Theory (OUP, 2006), Chapters 1-4. Miller, David, National Responsibility and Global Justice (2007), Chapters 1, 2 and 9. Rawls, John, The Law of Peoples (1999). Holzgrefe, J.L., and Keohane, R.O., Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (2003), esp. chs 1, 3, 7, and 8. Pattison, James, Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect (2010), Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 7. Welsh, Jennifer (ed.), Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations (2004). Especially Introduction and Conclusion and Part One. Wheeler, Nicholas J., Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention and International Society (2000). Buchanan, Allen, The Internal Legitimacy of Humanitarian Intervention, The Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1999). 13

Chandler, David, From Kosovo to Kabul and Beyond: Human Rights and International Intervention (2006). Chesterman, Simon, Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law (2001). Finnemore, Martha, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs About the Use of Force (2004). Finnemore, Martha, Paradoxes in humanitarian intervention, in Richard Price, Moral Limit and Possibility in World Politics (2008) International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (2001). http://www.idrc.ca Moore, Jonathan (ed.), Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention (1998). Morgenthau, Hans, To Intervene or Not to Intervene, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 45 (1967). Tan, Kok-Chor, The Duty to Protect, in Terry Nardin and Melissa Williams, NOMOS XLVII: Humanitarian Intervention (2006), p. 84-116. Walzer, Michael, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (3 rd edn. 2000) and The Politics of Rescue, Dissent (Winter, 1995) Walzer, Michael, The Moral Standing of States: A Response to Four Critics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 3 (1980); see also response by David Luban, Just War and Human Rights (same volume). 14