Chinmay Sridhar, Angel Weng, Benjamin Zhang APUS, Buggé, Period 1 Chapter 7, Topic 2: Newburgh Conspiracy
Land Grants Land Ordinance (1785) Northwest Ordinance (1787) Who Made by Congress under Articles of Confederation Ideas proposed by Thomas Jefferson in 1784 Where North of Ohio River + west of PA Land acquired from British Who Passed by Congress under Articles of Confederation Why Where Territories north of Ohio River Why What Establish governments for new territories Prepare territories for statehood Make profit from land sales Promote expansion Divide/organize new lands Set foundations for new states Organized territories into 6 square mile sections Sub-divided into 640 acre plots Each section assigned different purpose (ex. #59- Town Courthouse; #67- farmland; etc) Expensive- one lot was $640; Over a million acres sold to Ohio Company for less than 10 cents an acre What Gave each area a Congressionally-appointed governor, secretary, and 3 judges Once population reached 60,000, territory could apply for statehood Guaranteed residents basic rights, including property, trial by jury, and freedom of religion No slavery north of Ohio River
What this means?... The Land Ordinance along with the Northwest Ordinance helped create states west of the Mississippi River, out of the land the US acquired from the Revolution. The Land Ordinance divided up the land and the Northwest Ordinance set up guidelines that the new territories would have to meet before they could become states. One of the biggest issues that the Northwest Ordinance addressed was slavery. It clearly prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory, but it did not affect slaves already living in the territory or stop some slave holders from bringing slaves over.
-First Amendment states there will be no APUS RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Pro-Separation: -Government only publicly supported one religious group, and it wasn t fair to minority religious groups. -Wanted a different religious set-up than forced religion like that of Church of England. -Issac Backus argued that alliances between church and state oppressed other religious groups. -Lower classes fought for religious freedom to benefit from increased sense of liberty after the Revolutionary War. -People everywhere realized the limitations an established religion would place on them. No Separation: -Congregationalists were against separation because separation would bring social disorder and risked infidelity. -Plymouth Massachusetts was one of the established colonial towns where people opposed the idea of separate church and state. -Strictly Puritans. -Roger Williams radical views opposing one national religion got him exiled from Plymouth, where the townspeople believed highly of the church and state bond. -People wanted to right the wrongs that were done to them by England so they wanted to make religion a fair opportunity -Because of the enlightenment and the great awakening, a diminished interest in established religions developed among the American people Negative Results of Separation: Positive Effects of Separation: -A bill for establishing religious freedom in Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, was the theoretical foundation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. -Although Congress was prohibited from creating laws pertaining to religious establishments, states were left to make the decision on their own which resulted in many states still giving taxes in support of Christian churches. -The bill eliminated official and financial support for the Church of England so neither the church or the state had control over each other. It also officially established for the first time freedom of religion.
RATIFICATION Bill of Rights added to Constitution to gain ratification of Georgia and Massachusetts Urban Laborers, Shopkeepers, Artisans - support Federalists because Federalists promised to regulate profitable overseas trade Ratification Dates 1. - Delaware - December 7, 1787 2. Pennsylvania - December 12, 1787 3. New Jersey - December 18, 1787 4. Georgia - January 2, 1788 5. Connecticut - January 9, 1788 6. Massachusetts - February 6, 1788 7. Maryland - April 28, 1788 8. South Carolina - May 23, 1788 9. New Hampshire - June 21, 1788 10. Virginia - June 25, 1788 11. New York - July 26, 1788 12. North Carolina - November 21, 1789 13. Rhode Island - May 29, 1790 Popular Advocates Arguments Government Bill of Rights Checks & Balances Factions Advantages Federalists Anti-Federalists George Washington Ben Franklin James Madison Alexander Hamilton Stronger central government was needed to keep order and preserve Union -STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGAINST -Felt that citizens would be limited stated rights specifically stated in the bill -Thought it better to have implied rights Felt that it kept one branch from becoming too powerful Factional conflict ensures the perpetuation of human liberty Strong Leaders Well Organized George Mason Patrick Henry James Winthrop John Hancock Stronger central government would reverse work done in revolution and limit democracy -LITTLE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -STRONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT FOR -Felt it was important to specifically protect citizen s rights -Anti-Federalist states would not ratify Constitution until Bill of Rights was added Felt that it served to confuse the people and would have little power to prevent rights infringement Factions will rob the common people of their voice and lead to mob rule Appealed to popular hatred of Britain Disadvantages Constitution was new and untried Poorly organized