Cartographer s Corner China China Map Key China 71
China Exploration Log 1. Map: Label the compass rose. Fill in the map key as you work. 2. Map: Label the countries that border China: North Korea Vietnam Myanmar Laos India Kazakhstan Nepal Bhutan Pakistan Afghanistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Russia Taiwan Compass Rose 3. Map: Label the major bodies of water that border China. Yellow Sea South China Sea Pacific Ocean 4. In the rectangle below, color the flag of China. Introduction 5. Map: What is the capital of China? Label it with a star. 6. Map: Label these other major cities with the symbol. Shanghai Tianjin 7. China has the most of any country in the world. people mountains beaches cars 8. Where could the name China possibly have come from? 9. Which industry has always been the chief economic activity in China? agriculture mining tourism military 10. How many years did dynasties rule China? exactly 100 around 1,000 less than 1,999 more than 2,000 11. List two changes that Communism brought to China. a. b. c. How did this change in the late 1900s? 72 China
Government 12. Use the China in Brief link to help you fill in the style of government used in China on the Government Chart. 13. Challenge: What are court decisions based on in China? People Population 14. Use the China in Brief link to help you graph the population of China on the Census Chart. 15. Where do most of China s people live? coastal towns large cities large houses rural villages and small towns 16. List two ways the Chinese government controls marriage. a. b. Languages 17. Match each Chinese dialect to the area of the country where it is spoken. Min Guangdong Wu Shanghai Yue or Cantonese Beijing Mandrin or Putonghua Fujian province 18. Circle the correct word or phrases to make the sentence true. Although each dialect of Chinese has its own writing style or pronunciation, all Chinese speakers write or speak Chinese in a similar way. Way of life Family Life 19. For thousands of years, the Chinese people practiced loyalty to, obedience to and reverence to. 20. How did Communists try to change traditional family loyalty in the mid-1900s? 21. Name two ways the Communist government wants women to participate in society outside of the home. 22. According to Chinese tradition, which type of offspring was valued more? daughters sons 23. Challenge: Traditionally, the person considered the head of the family was the. This type of leadership is called patriarchal or matriarchal. China 73
Rural Life 24. How were rural areas reorganized after the Communists took over? 25. Could families working in a collective sell everything they grew for personal profit? Please elaborate. 26. Describe a production contract. What rules does it define? City Life 27. Map: Label the following cities that have one million or more residents with the symbol. Harbin Suzhou Lanzhou Guangzhou Chengdu 28. Name two organizations responsible for building large apartment complexes to house workers. 29. Residents committees supervise: subways day-care centers youth activities keeping crime rates in cities low neighborhood clean-up evening classes swimming facilities settling disputes 30. How many wage earners do most households have? 1 2 3 4 Food 31. The primary foods in China are: grains proteins dairy foods sweets 32. The two main Chinese eating utensils are and. Clothing 33. Which of these groups might wear special costumes and headgear? religious groups school children ethnic groups factory workers Health Care 34. What two medical theories does Chinese medicine combine? and 35. On what is traditional medicine based? herbs penicillin psychotherapy diet rest nutrition acupuncture 74 China
36. Describe the treatment called acupuncture. Answer in a complete sentence. 37. Challenge: In the past, why were rural doctors nicknamed barefoot doctors? What tasks did they perform? 38. What happened to the price of medical care after the government quit paying for it? Religion 39. Select the most popular traditional religions for China on the Religion Chart. Shade them blue. What is the current view on religion? Shade it red. 40. Briefly explain the key beliefs and practices of the three religions below. Confucianism: Founded by? Who was he? When started? Key beliefs: Taoism: When started? Key beliefs: Buddhism: Came to China from where? When arrived in China? Key beliefs: 41. How does the Chinese government regard religion? What did the Communists expect to replace it? Education 42. Give two reasons why the Chinese have always valued education. a. b. The Arts 43. What did Communists require of art between 1949 and the late 1970s? Music 44. Why does Chinese music sound different than Western-style music? 45. Challenge: What is a scale consisting of five notes called in musical terms? an octave a quartet a pentatonic 46. Which is more important in Chinese music? melody line harmony line The Land 47. Map: Label the following regions: Challenge: Manchuria Tibet China 75
48. Map: Label the following rivers. Huang He River Yangtze River 49. Map: Use the mountain symbol to label the Himalayan Mountains. 50. Map Challenge: Label Mount Everest with the mountain symbol. 51. Map: Label: Gobi Desert 52. China is the largest country in the world. Circle your answer. 2nd 3rd 4th 5th What countries are larger? 53. Complete the Fact Card below. Highest Mountain in the World Name Elevation Mountain range In which countries 1. 2. 54. Map: Draw the Fertile Triangle in green on your map. Which three cities create the corners? Label them. a. b. c. 55. Which region is home to the best farmland and the largest cities? 56. What is the main crop of the North China Plain? 57. Which Chinese river earned the name China s Sorrow? Why? 58. Which river has historically been China s major trade route? Climate 59. Map: Label these cities that have one million or more residents with the symbol. Shenyang Wuhan Map Challenge: Shade the following regions. Xinjiang Inner Mongolia 60. Name the areas in China in which the most severe weather occurs? 1. 2. 76 China
61. Shade the calendar tabs below to show which months of the year are the rainiest in China. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 62. What causes these months to have more precipitation? Economy 63. Use the chart below to help you describe China s economic profile. Circle one choice in each row. The economy in China... a. has been controlled by the market. or the government. b. Recent economic reforms led to less governmental control over business. or more government control over business. c. To spur growth, there are now more government-owned businesses, or more privately-owned businesses, d. resulting in significant economic growth. or little economic change. Communication 64. Look up propaganda in your World Book dictionary. Write the definition below, then write a definition for political propaganda in your own words. Propaganda, noun. Political Propaganda: 65. How did the Chinese people express their opinions when they could not via the radio, television, or newspapers? 66. What happened in 1979 regarding these posters? 67. Challenge: Which amendment to the United States Constitution would such a law violate? History 68. Map: Label with the symbol. Xi an 69. Who was the first historian to write a major history of China? Circle one. Kim Lee Chiang Kai-shek Watchman Nee Sima Qian When did he write it? 1200 B.C. 500 B.C. 100 B.C. A.D. 300 China 77
The First Dynasties 70. Which culture is considered the first Chinese dynasty? 71. During which dynasty did Confucius change the nation s focus from religion to philosophy? Shang Zhou Qin 72. What two philosophies held the Chinese empire together during its more than 2,000-year history? a. b. The Qin Dynasty 73. Map Challenge: Label the Great Wall of China. 74. How long is the Great Wall of China? 75. Why was it constructed? 76. During which dynasty did Confucianism become the basis of government? The Song Dynasty 77. Which three beliefs did Neo-Confucianism combine? a. b. c. Clash with the Western Powers 78. Map: Use the seaport symbol to label the one seaport that was open to foreign trade prior to 1800. Write the name here. 79. Map: Label Hong Kong with the symbol. 80. Name the two main exports to the West in the 1800s: a. b. 81. What did Europeans begin to smuggle into China in the early 1800s? Why? 82. What war did this smuggling cause between the United Kingdom and China? Dates: 83. What treaty ended the conflict? 84. Treaties that granted Western countries special privileges were called by the Chinese. 78 China
85. List two powers granted to foreign nations by 1860. a. b. The Taiping Rebellion 86. Why did outside nations want the Qing dynasty to remain intact (despite rebel uprisings)? The Open-Door Policy 87. What kept foreign powers from dividing China into colonies in the late 1800s? 88. What rights did the Open-Door Policy guarantee? The Boxer Rebellion 89. Why did the Boxer Rebellion occur? 90. Name two things the Manchus did to try to save the Qing dynasty (early 1900s). a. b. The Fall of the Manchus 91. What type of government replaced the Manchu dynasty? monarchy republic democracy dynasty The Early Republic 92. Who became president of the new republic in 1912? Pu Yi Sun Yat-Sen Kim Su Yuan 93. Challenge: Did China successfully become a republic? Why or why not? The War Lord Period 94. How did the May Fourth Movement impact the country? 95. What nation helped Communism to grow in China? 96. Order the types of government according to when each was in power in China s history. republic dynasty war lords nationalist/dictatorship Communist Nationalist Rule 97. What was China s Long March and why did it happen? China 79
The Beginning of Communist Rule 98. Why was the farmland redistribution in the 1950s a negative experience? 99. In China s First Five-Year Plan, what two areas of the nation s economy did the government begin to control? a. b. The Great Leap Forward 100. What did the Great Leap Forward hope to accomplish? 101. Name one thing the Great Leap Forward asked of laborers. 102. How did the Great Leap Forward affect China s economy? Break with the Soviet Union 103. Why did China break with the U.S.S.R. in the 1960s? The Cultural Revolution 104. Who were the Red Guards? 105. Challenge: On a separate sheet of paper, compose a newspaper article reporting on one of the following issues. In addition to answering the Who? What? Where? When? Why? and How? questions news articles typically address, your article should also include answers to the questions listed after the topic you select. a. The Cultural Revolution: Describe the issues surrounding the Cultural Revolution. Who was the leader responsible for the Revolution? How many people died? What effects did the Revolution have on the country? b. Tiananmen Square Massacre: What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre? Why did it happen? How could the events in the same place in 1999 be considered an echo of the events that transpired 10 years earlier? (In both events, protestors demonstrations produced negative responses from the government.) To view a fascinating website on events surrounding Tiananmen Square, visit www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword Tiananmen Square ). 80 China
Journey Jots China The Chinese call their country... Chinese Inventions 1. Introduction which means... Why do they call their country this? 2. 3. Introduction 4. 1 2 Government Two facts about the Chinese Communist Party 1. 2. Fill in the portion on the globe below that represents the total world population living in China People Nationalities 3 4 Chinese Majority Nationality Group Modern Conveniences in Rural Homes Most Homes Some Homes Minority Groups in China Rural Life 5 6 Recreation in Rural Areas Wages in Chinese cities are Rural Life Higher Lower...than those in Western countries. City Life 7 8 China 81
Modern Conveniences in Urban (City) Homes Recreation in Cities City Life City Life 9 10 Foods Challenge: Draw one traditional costume from China s past. Food 1. 2. 3. Clothing 11 Favorite Beverage 12 Draw or list at least two types of Chinese art. List three fun facts about Chinese architecture. The Arts Communication Two interesting facts about communication in China 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 13 14 Types of Chinese Musical Instruments Qin: Sheng: Pipa: Architecture Music 15 16 Xiao and Di: 82 China
Monumental Moments China Match each event to the correct date by writing the letter on the line, or by filling in the correct date. 4000 B.C. 1. a. Grand Canal links Yangtze Valley to northern China. 1700s B.C. 2. b. The Cultural Revolution. 221-206 B.C. 3. c. Major change in Chinese writing. The number of strokes in each character is reduced. 206 B.C.- A.D. 220 4. d. Yuan becomes president of Republic. 610 5. e. The Shang dynasty arises from Longshan culture. 960-1127 6. f. China s Long March. 1200s 7. g. Last Emperor Pu Yi gives up throne of China. 1839 8. h. Great Wall of China built during the Qin dynasty. 1850-1864 9. i. Open-Door Policy signed. 1899 10. j. Communist rule begins. 1900 11. k. Han dynasty s government style based on the beliefs of Confucius. February 12, 1912 12. l. Taiping Rebellion seeks equal division of land among the people. March 10, 1912 13. m. Boxer Rebellion. 1934 14. n. Mao Zedong dies. 1949 15. o. Opium War. 1950s 16. p. Neo-Confucianism is born during the Song dynasty. 1966 17. q. Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongols, establishes the Yuan dynasty. 1976 18. r. Chinese pottery and jade already show skill and artistic refinement. 1989 19. s. Tiananmen Square Massacre. China 83
China The Rise of Communism Read the section on modern China on your CD-ROM from The War Lord Period through the end of Civil War. Then use the blanks below to retell the story of how Communism began in China. Word Bank Allies other major cities Soviet revolution II Jiangxi Nationalism Japanese Marshall Long March 6,000 social civil land Manchuria Nationalists central southern northwest Communists war Beijing inflation Chiang Kai-shek People s Republic of China Mao Zedong The Communist Party began in China around 1919 as small student groups in Beijing and 1., and gained strength through the guidance of 2. advisors who came to China to help the Nationalist Party gain control over 3. lords in the north. Persuaded by their advisors, the Communists joined the 4. to defeat the war lords, but in 1927 the Nationalists turned against the Communists. Communist leaders fled to the hills in 5.. The Nationalists captured 6. and reunited China under one government. By 1931, however, the Communists had set up a rival government in southern and 7. China. Disagreeing with this separate government, Nationalist leader 8. sent armies to force the Communists to march over 9. miles to the north in the famous 10.. Along the way, 11. became leader of the Communist Party. Meanwhile, Japan began to seize Chinese territory in 12. and other parts of Northern China. Distracted by the Communists, Chiang began to agree to many 13. demands, hoping to avoid war with Japan until the conflict with the 14. had ended. However, the Manchurian troops who were blockading the Communist territories in the 15. grew upset with Chiang s decisions. They finally kidnapped him and held him hostage until he agreed to end the civil war with the Communists and fight against the Japanese invaders. The war with Japan did not go well, and even though the 16. gave aid to China during World War 17., the wars used up many of China s resources and caused severe 18.. China s people grew frustrated with the Nationalist Party. The Communists, on the other hand, used the war with Japan for their own political and military expansion. They began a social 19. and gained the support of the people in the countryside by redistributing 20. they occupied to the peasants. In 1946, after World War II had ended, the United States sent General George 21. to China to try to help the Communists and the Nationalists resolve their differences. However, neither side could agree and 22. war soon began again. In the end, not only did the Communists prove to be better fighters, but their 23. revolution helped to turn the people against 24.. On October 1, 1949, after driving the Nationalists to 25. China, Mao Zedong proclaimed Beijing part of the 26.. The reign of Communism had begun. 84 China
Local Lingo China Follow the directions below. Politburo cadres militia 1. a. Shade the box of the word that refers to the bureau responsible for setting guidelines for the Communist Party. b. Write a 1 by the upper level of the Communist Party and a 2 by the lower level. c. Circle the term referring to the citizen s army. 2. Use the terms in the box to complete the paragraph. production teams collective ownership systems commune production brigades When the Communists took control of China, they organized the agricultural community into, which were large groups of peasants who owned land, tools, work animals, and workshops together. The highest level of this system, the, administered economic activity for groups of 5,000 families. Smaller groups called were divided into that performed day-to-day farm work. Write the letter of the correct definition next to each term. 3. tofu a. schools with the best facilities for gifted students 4. pagoda b. fine writing 5. calligraphy c. multi-storied towers 6. key schools d. common language 7. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo e. People s Republic of China 8. Putonghua f. soybean curd 9. Cathay g. Nationalist Party that ruled the republic in the early 1900s 10. Kuomintang h. Marco Polo s name for China Write the correct word for each definition. Use the scrambled letters to help you. 11. seols a fertile yellowish land 12. racreted leveled strips of land cut out of the hillside 13. shanicu the four streams that flow into the Yangtze River China 85
China Dynasty Pages The First Dynasties The First Dynasties Qin Dynasty Directions: Fill in the missing information about each dynasty below. Dynasty: Date: Characteristics: Accomplishments: Shang 1766s-1045 B.C. (shahng) Approximate number of years in power 700 China became a highly developed society governed by a family class of aristocrats. oldest written records are from this dynasty; developed first writing system; magnificent bronze vessels; developed horse drawn war chariots Zhou 1045-256 B.C. (joh or chou) Number of years in power a. directly controlled only the b. part of their territory gave some authority to c. A philosopher named d. changes country s focus from e. to moral standards around f. B.C. Qin 221 B.C.- a. (chihn or ch in) Number of years in power b. first empire controlled by a strong c. List three values of Legalism. d. e. f. Had high or low taxes? g. set standards for: h. i. j. constructed the k.. Reason for downfall: overthrown by the Zhou leaders The central government became weak because g.. Finally, the h. state defeated all its rivals and rose to power. High l. and harsh enforcement of m. leads to n.. 86 China
Han Dynasty Han Dynasty The Period of Division The Period of Division Dynasty: Han (hahn) Xin (zin) Six Dynasties Sui (sway) Date: 202 B.C.-A.D.220 Number of years in power a. A.D. 9-25 a. A.D.222- Number of years that passed: b. a. A.D. - Number of years in power: b. Characteristics: Accomplishments: b. becomes the basis of government. c. held most important state offices, but d. become important for the first time when selecting state officials. Two types of writings produced: e. f. Religion: g. is introduced from India. Wang Mang seizes the throne, however a. dynasty regains control of China. located in: c. ruled by non-chinese dynasties. Religion: d. spreads and influences all aspects of life. Major difference from the previous dynasty : c. Major engineering accomplishment: d. Why built? e. Reason for downfall: Two reasons for downfall: h. i. Led to: j. Divided nation is reunified by the e.. China 87
Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Song Dynasty Dynasty: Tang (tahng) Song (soong) North China: Northern Invaders South China: Southern Song Date: A.D.618-907 Number of years in power a. A.D.960-1127 Number of years in power a. A.D.1127-1279 Number of years in power a. Characteristics: Accomplishments: This dynasty brought on an age of: b. Capital city of c. had more than 1 million people. Greatest Chinese poets: d. e. Chinese forms of Buddhism: f. g. State how each change affected the empire. Civil Service examinations b. Inventions: d. e. Neo-Confucianism c. Art: f. g. Invaders from the b. force the c. dynasty to move its capital to the city of d.. Development of e. rice means that 2-3 crops can be grown in a year which helps to feed a growing population. Reason for downfall: Several rebellions, one in the year h. and a series in i., weakened the empire. The Tang Empire was followed by a succesion of j. that struggled for control. h. people frequently attack from the north. conquered by f. warriors 88 China
Mongol Rule Ming Dynasty Early Rule of Manchus Dynasty: Mongol Rule Yuan Dynasty (yoo AHN) Ming Qing (king) (Manchus Rule) Date: a. A.D. - Number of years in power b. 1368-1644 Number of years in power: a. a.1644- A.D. Number of years in power b. Characteristics: harsh rule Venice trader named c. spends a great amount of time in the country and calls it d.. Two facts about the treatment of foreigners: b. c. Again, foreigners rule the nation, but this time, the foreigners had already c.. supported d. political system rulers came from beyond e. Accomplishments: e. became interested in China. nation enjoys stability and prosperity literature and art flourish From 1681-1796: Period of stability and f.. Chinese influence spreads to: g. h. i. Reason for downfall: f. caused g. to drive Mongols out of China. d. people invade and take over. During the 1700s, the standard of living declined due to j.. In addition, political dishonesty plagued Qing administration, and from 1796 to 1804, the people k.. China 89
China Choose Your Adventure 1. Make egg rolls with Mom or Dad s help. You should be a part of this project from start to finish that includes shopping and clean-up! (3 points) 2a. Create a Famous Person Card for Confucius. (3 points) In addition to the Famous Person Card requirements located in the introduction to this guide, your card should include: The years he lived Which dynasty ruled during his lifetime? Did he have family? Basic beliefs Three famous Confucian sayings Name of the work that is a collection of his sayings and dialog between him and his students Province where he was born Briefly explain why he began his teachings Extra Sources required: Use an encyclopedia or other credible sources!! (There seems to be a lot of variation in facts on websites.) Or 2b. Choose 3-5 Confucian sayings, either from the list we provided or from one of the websites listed below. Quote each one and then briefly tell what you think is meant by each. (1 point per saying) For a list of possible internet resources, see www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword Confucius ). Note: Some sites may have a link to an annotation of the saying. Your job is to execute as much self control as possible not to click on these links and write what YOU think your choices mean! Confucian Writings All sayings below were taken from www.confucius.org (11/04). Without steadfastness, the gentleman would not command respect, and his learning would not be sound. Advocating loyalty and trustworthiness, he has no friend who is not his equal. He would not hesitate to correct his faults. Ch. 1 Vs. 8 Do not be concerned about others not appreciating you. Be concerned about your not appreciating others. Ch. 1 Vs. 16 To learn and to practice what is learned time and again is pleasure, is it not? To have friends come from afar is happiness, is it not? To be unperturbed when not appreciated by others is gentlemanly, is it not? Ch. 1 Vs. 1 Clever talk and a pretentious manner are seldom compatible with the benevolent. Ch. 1 Vs. 3 90 China
In the home, the young should behave with filial piety, and out in the world, with brotherly love. They should be prudent and trustworthy. They should love all people and be close to the benevolent. Having so done, their remaining strength should be used to learn literature. Ch. 1 Vs. 6 Nowadays, to provide for parents is considered filial piety. But dogs and horses are so provided. Without respect, what is the difference? Ch. 2 Vs. 7 3. Compare the following Confucian saying to James 1:19-27. The gentleman is said to be slow in speech and brisk in action. Ch. 2 Vs. 24 What similarities are there? How are they different? What is the difference in the type of action each suggests we are to take? Do you think one contains more truth? Which one? Why? Do you think a gentleman according to Confucianism would be similar to a righteous or Godly person according to the Christian faith? Why or why not? How are they similar or different? (4 points) 4. Do you think the American ideal of freedom of religion exists in China? Give reasons to support your answer. (3 points) 5. Learn calligraphy! Borrow an instruction book from the library, or purchase one from your local craft store (many come with pens and/or practice pages!). Practice forming strokes and letters for an agreed-upon amount of time. A final project may be to copy a passage in your best calligraphy (perhaps some favorite Bible passages?) to accompany a small Fact Card on the history of calligraphy. (You ll want to focus more on the Chinese history of calligraphy...) (3 points) For a list of possible internet resources, see www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword Calligraphy ): 6. Write a Nature Fact Card (or two!) for one of the endangered plants or animals native to China. In addition to the usual Nature Fact Card requirements, be sure to include how this plant or animal became endangered and what (if anything) is being done to preserve this species. (Are there any left in the wild? How many?) For more detailed instructions on Nature Fact Cards, see the Reference Instructions section for Nature Fact Cards in the introduction to this guide. (2 points per card) 7. Compose a song that uses only five notes. (Similar to the scale consisting of five notes used in Chinese music!) If you have access to a piano, try using only the black keys in your song...other possible musical instruments: five rubber bands of different sizes stretched over a shoebox, five glasses of water filled to different levels tap gently with a spoon. (3 points) 8. Organize a 3-D Chinese Fashion Timeline. Research the attire for at least three periods of Chinese history. Keep in mind that people at different stations in life probably wore different attire, even in the same time period! Create China 91
3-dimensional representations of at least three outfits. ( 3-dimensional means no drawings, paintings, or magazine cut-outs this time! Use clay, papier-mâché, Legos, etc.) Then present your timeline to an audience. Your presentation should include: Names and approximate dates of the time periods you selected Brief explanation of the outfits you constructed, including names of specific pieces Explanation of the type of person who might have worn each outfit (male? female? peasant? scholar? upper class?) 92 China