Germans or Foreigners?

Germans or Foreigners?

EUROPE IN TRANSITION: THE NYU EUROPEAN STUDIES SERIES The Marshall Plan: Fifty Years After Edited by Martin Schain Europe at the Polls: The European Elections of 1999 Edited by Pascal Perrineau, Gérard Grunberg, and Colette Ysmal Unions, Immigration, and Internationalization: New Challenges and Changing Coalitions in the United States and France By Leah Haus Shadows Over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right in Western Europe Edited by Martin Schain, Aristide Zolberg, and Patrick Hossay German Ideologies since 1945: Studies in the Political Thought and Culture on the Bonn Republic Edited by Jan-Werner Müller Defending Europe: The EU, NATO, and the Quest for European Autonomy Edited by Jolyon Howorth and John T. S. Keeler The Lega Nord and Contemporary Politics in Italy By Thomas W. Gold Germans or Foreigners? Attitudes Toward Ethnic Minorities in Post-Reunification Germany Edited by Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer

Germans or Foreigners? Attitudes Toward Ethnic Minorities in Post-Reunification Germany Edited by Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer

GERMANS OR FOREIGNERS? Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer, 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-1-4039-6378-9 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-52770-0 ISBN 978-0-230-60882-5 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230608825 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alba, Richard D. Germans or foreigners? : attitudes toward ethnic minorities in postreunification Germany / Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, Martina Wasmer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Marginality, Social Germany. 2. Minorities. 3. Germany Ethnic relations. 4. Germany Social Conditions. I. Schmidt, Peter, 1942 II. Wasmer. Martina. III. Title. HN460.M26A43 2003 305.8 00943 dc21 2003051737 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December, 2003 10987654321

Contents Contributors Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Ausländer in the Heimat: Ethnocentrism in Contemporary Germany 1 Richard Alba, Peter Schmidt, and Martina Wasmer The Ethnic and Demographic Structure of Foreigners and Immigrants in Germany 19 Rainer Münz and Ralf Ulrich On the Economic and Social Situations of Immigrant Groups in Germany 45 Stefan Bender and Wolfgang Seifert Ethnocentrism in Germany: Worldview Connections and Social Contexts 69 Michael Terwey Foreigners as Second-Class Citizens? Attitudes Toward Equal Civil Rights for Non-Germans 95 Martina Wasmer and Achim Koch Measuring Contemporary Prejudice Toward Immigrants in Germany 119 Richard Alba and Michelle Johnson The Others and We: Relationships Between Germans and Non-Germans from the Point of View of Foreigners Living in Germany 143 Steffen Kühnel and Jürgen Leibold Chapter 8 Anti-Semitism in the Late 1990s 163 Werner Bergmann and Rainer Erb Chapter 9 Authoritarianism and Ethnocentrism in East and West Germany: Does the System Matter? 187 Aribert Heyder and Peter Schmidt vii

vi Contents Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Ethnocentrism and Support for Extreme-Right Parties 211 Ulrich Rosar Social Distance and Physical Proximity: Day-to-Day Attitudes and Experiences of Foreigners and Germans Living in the Same Residential Areas 233 Ferdinand Böltken Regional Influences on Attitudes Toward Foreigners 255 Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Appendix: Questions about Ethnic Minorities in ALLBUS 1996 269 References 287 Index 303

Contributors RICHARD ALBA is distinguished professor of sociology and public policy at the University at Albany, State University of New York. STEFAN BENDER is a researcher in the unit for Regional Labor Market Research and Analytical Statistics at the Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg. WERNER BERGMANN is professor at the Center for Research on Antisemitism, Technical University, Berlin. DR. FERDINAND BÖLTKEN directs the section for Spatial and Urban Monitoring at the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR), Bonn. RAINER ERB is assistant professor at the Center for Research on Antisemitism, Technical University, Berlin. ARIBERT HEYDER is a researcher at the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld. DR. JÜRGEN HOFFMEYER-ZLOTNIK is a project consultant at the Center for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA), Mannheim. MICHELLE JOHNSON is a research analyst at Policy Studies Associates in Washington, DC. ACHIM KOCH is head of the ALLBUS department at the Center for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA), Mannheim. PROF. STEFFEN KÜHNEL is director of the Center for Social Science Methodology at the Georg August Universität, Göttingen. JÜRGEN LEIBOLD is a researcher at the Center for Social Science Methodology, Georg August Universität, Göttingen.

viii Contributors RAINER MÜNZ was a professor of demography at the Humboldt University in Berlin. DR. ULRICH ROSAR is a researcher at the Institute for Applied Social Research, Cologne. PETER SCHMIDT is professor at the Institute for Political Science, Justus Liebig University, Gießen. DR. WOLFGANG SEIFERT is a researcher at the Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf. DR. MICHAEL TERWEY is a researcher at the Central Archive for Empirical Social Research, Cologne. RALF ULRICH is professor at the Institute for Social Sciences, Department of Demography, Humboldt University, Berlin. MARTINA WASMER is a researcher in the ALLBUS department of the Center for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA), Mannheim.