June 2016 Technical Report: India State Survey India State Survey Research Program
TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview... 3 Sampling Methodology... 3 Target Population/Coverage... 3 Sampling Frame... 3 Stratification/Sample Allocation... 4 Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs)... 4 Household Selection... 4 Respondent Selection... 5 Questionnaire... 5 Training... 5 Fieldwork... 5 Quality Control... 5 Workforce... 5 Data Adjustments... 6 Weighting... 6 Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
OVERVIEW The aim of this study was to assess people s exposure to and experience with modern slavery at the state level in India. The purpose of the survey design was to gain sufficient sample sizes in 15 different Indian states to generate reliable state-level prevalence estimates. Gallup completed 14,000 interviews across India among adults aged 15 and older. This included 1,000 interviews each in 13 states: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. It included 500 interviews each in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Interviewing was conducted face-to-face from Jan. 12 through March 6, 2016. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY Target Population/Coverage This study covered 15 Indian states: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The target population was the civilian noninstitutionalized adult (15 and older) population living in these 15 states. Sampling Frame Population data from the India Census 2011 were the basis for drawing the sample. The populations across states and urban/rural domains appear in Table 1. Table 1: State Population and Number of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) Selected State Total Population Population Urban # of Wards # of PSUs Selected Population Rural # of Villages # of PSUs Selected Himachal Pradesh 6,864,602 688,552 473 10 6,176,050 17,882 90 Punjab 27,743,338 10,399,146 2,531 37 17,344,192 12,168 63 Rajasthan 68,548,437 17,048,085 5,136 25 51,500,352 43,264 75 Uttar Pradesh 199,812,341 44,495,063 11,873 22 155,317,278 97,814 78 Bihar 104,099,452 11,758,016 3,285 11 92,341,436 39,073 89 West Bengal 91,276,115 29,093,002 3,678 32 62,183,113 37,478 68 Jharkhand 32,988,134 7,933,061 1,290 24 25,055,073 29,492 76 Odisha 41,974,218 7,003,656 2,115 16 34,970,562 47,677 84 Chhattisgarh 25,545,198 5,937,237 3,049 23 19,607,961 19,567 77 Madhya Pradesh 72,626,809 20,069,405 6,976 27 52,557,404 51,929 73 Maharashtra 112,374,333 50,818,259 7,388 46 61,556,074 40,959 54 Andhra Pradesh 49,386,799 14,610,410 2,582 14 34,776,389 16,158 36 Karnataka 61,095,297 23,625,962 5,477 38 37,469,335 27,397 62 Kerala 33,406,061 15,934,926 2,558 48 17,471,135 1,017 52 Telangana 35,193,978 13,608,665 938 19 21,585,313 10,128 31 Source: India Census 2011 Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Stratification/Sample Allocation For sample allocation, each state was stratified by urban (wards) and rural (villages) population. Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) In each state, Gallup selected 100 wards and villages with probability proportional to population size for all states except Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, for which it selected only 50 wards and villages each. Household Selection In each ward or village, the central office divided the geography into four quadrants and then assigned two starting points in opposite quadrants (northwest and southeast or northeast and southwest). The starting point was the location that the interviewers would begin walking from to start their interviewing route. The central office randomly assigned each starting point as one of the following: 1. school 2. panchayat/ward office 3. place of worship 4. source of drinking water 5. health center From the starting point, the interviewer counted three households to his or her right, and attempted to contact and interview a respondent at the third household. The third household could be a structure such as an apartment building, in which case the interviewer entered the building and, using rules outlined later, determined the household to be selected. Interviewers did not count structures in which no one lived. Interviewers made every effort to find out whether a unit was occupied before determining if it would be counted in the interval. Institutionalized populations in structures such as schools, hospitals and jails were not counted. If the interviewer encountered churches/mosques/restaurants/cafes/shops/schools/hospitals on the walking route, he or she inquired if people lived there permanently and if they had their own cooking facilities. If a person was deemed to have his or her permanent residence in such a structure, it was considered a household and included in the interval. The minimum interval of three households was largely used in rural areas. In urban areas, which are more densely populated, Gallup used a higher interval of five households. At each household, the interviewer made three attempts to secure an interview with the selected household member. Each attempt was at least two hours apart unless an appointment was set up. The interviewer filled in a tracking sheet to indicate what happened during each attempt at every household. Interviewers compensated any unsuccessful interviews at main households with attempts at replacement households. To identify the first replacement household, the interviewer counted three households past the last main household along the walking path. In each replacement household, he or she made up to three attempts using the same rules described for obtaining an interview with a main household. If the attempts at the first replacement also resulted in failure, the interviewer continued to use the right-hand rule and the interval of three to determine the next replacement household, repeating this process until he or she obtained the required number of completes in the selected PSU. Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Respondent Selection Interviewers selected respondents within households using the following procedure: First, they listed the names and ages, from oldest to youngest, of all male and female individuals aged 15 and older who lived in the household permanently, even if they were not present at the time of this initial contact. Next, the CAPI (computer-assisted personal interviewing) program randomly selected one household member to be the respondent. Interviewers asked to speak with the randomly selected household member. If he or she was not available at that time, the interviewer asked for the best time to talk to the selected respondent, and recorded this information on the contact sheet as a reminder and set an appointment to come back to that household later. If the selected respondent refused to participate or was not available for the duration of the survey period, the interviewer replaced this household. QUESTIONNAIRE The questionnaire was translated from English into Hindi, Bengali, Odiya, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. One translator translated the English version into the local language, and a different individual translated the local language back into English. The back-translations were reviewed to ensure the concepts being measured were accurately communicated. Eighty pilot tests of the interview were conducted to identify and correct any potential problems before conducting the full study. Ten pilot tests were conducted in each language with actual respondents whose varying demographics were reflective of the general population. Gallup made translation and questionnaire modifications based on the pilot test feedback. Training Gallup held a central training program to brief key personnel on all aspects and details of the project. State-level trainings subsequently took place with local teams. These trainings covered the questionnaire, starting point selection, random route procedure, household and respondent selection, probing techniques, interviewing skills, the tracking sheet procedure and involved several practice interviews using the CAPI system. FIELDWORK Quality Control Each supervisor managed four interviewers throughout the fieldwork. Also, a member of the quality control team accompanied two supervisor teams, alternating his or her time between the two teams. The supervisor and the quality control team member physically accompanied one of the interviewers while checking the rest of the interviews with physical follow-up visits or by making telephone calls. In some places, especially in villages, the respondent did not have a telephone. On such occasions, the interviewer collected the telephone/mobile number of a neighbor. Workforce For this study, 116 interviewers and 29 supervisors (with an average ratio of 4:1) conducted the fieldwork. A supervisor or quality control team member accompanied 25% of the interviews throughout the fieldwork, and an additional 19% of the total completed households were re-contacted for validation. Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
DATA ADJUSTMENTS Weighting To ensure that the sample was representative of the adult (15 and older) population of the 15 states surveyed in India, Gallup staff prepared weights based on available population demographics. The weighting process for the national sample was as follows: Gallup constructed base sampling weights to take household size into account. Gallup uses this step to adjust for probability during respondent selection, as residents of relatively large households have a lower probability of being selected for the survey. Gallup capped the household size according to the distribution of the number of residents aged 15 and older living in households within each state. Gallup constructed post-stratification weights to correct for skew in age, gender, education, caste and urban/rural because of nonresponse. Gallup used the India Census 2011 as the base for constructing weights. Table 2: Demographics Andhra Pradesh Male 52.20% 49.74% 49.54% Female 47.80% 50.26% 50.46% 15-24 19.40% 26.16% 24.93% 25-34 26.80% 23.19% 23.62% 35-44 23.00% 19.20% 19.70% 45-54 14.20% 13.41% 13.58% 55+ 16.60% 18.04% 18.18% Illiterate 28.60% 30.52% 30.72% Below SSC 22.00% 19.57% 19.76% SSC/HSC 11.80% 12.73% 12.85% Some College and Above 9.60% 3.70% 4.39% Illiterate 10.40% 7.46% 7.56% Below SSC 7.40% 9.37% 9.20% SSC/HSC 6.00% 10.13% 9.42% Some College and Above 4.20% 6.51% 6.10% Schedule Caste/Tribe 29.40% 23.41% 23.69% Other 70.60% 76.59% 76.31% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Table 3: Demographics Bihar Male 53.00% 52.22% 52.33% Female 47.00% 47.78% 47.67% 15-24 25.30% 28.30% 28.14% 25-34 23.80% 23.76% 23.43% 35-44 20.90% 18.75% 18.90% 45-54 12.20% 12.24% 12.27% 55+ 17.80% 16.95% 17.25% Illiterate 36.40% 41.63% 41.39% Below SSC 34.20% 28.41% 28.88% SSC/HSC 14.00% 14.40% 14.59% Some College and Above 4.40% 3.15% 3.23% Illiterate 3.30% 3.14% 3.03% Below SSC 4.20% 3.74% 3.75% SSC/HSC 2.70% 3.53% 3.52% Some College and Above 0.80% 1.99% 1.60% Schedule Caste/Tribe 33.50% 17.20% 17.77% Other 66.50% 82.80% 82.23% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Table 4: Demographics Chhattisgarh Male 50.00% 50.00% 49.96% Female 50.00% 50.00% 50.04% 15-24 25.10% 28.78% 28.62% 25-34 24.70% 22.33% 22.46% 35-44 19.10% 19.36% 19.19% 45-54 14.50% 13.42% 13.61% 55+ 16.60% 16.11% 16.13% Illiterate 23.90% 30.30% 29.89% Below SSC 36.40% 33.57% 34.00% SSC/HSC 12.90% 9.46% 9.66% Some College and Above 3.80% 2.04% 2.19% Illiterate 4.30% 4.43% 4.50% Below SSC 12.50% 9.32% 9.49% SSC/HSC 4.40% 6.72% 6.52% Some College and Above 1.80% 4.17% 3.74% Schedule Caste/Tribe 28.40% 43.44% 42.35% Other 71.60% 56.56% 57.65% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Table 5: Demographics Himachal Pradesh Male 58.40% 50.04% 50.35% Female 41.60% 49.96% 49.65% 15-24 27.20% 25.29% 26.27% 25-34 18.20% 22.36% 22.00% 35-44 23.60% 18.97% 19.65% 45-54 20.90% 14.29% 15.06% 55+ 10.10% 19.10% 17.02% Illiterate 11.80% 18.42% 17.54% Below SSC 26.10% 32.13% 31.56% SSC/HSC 39.80% 30.82% 32.10% Some College and Above 12.30% 8.02% 8.54% Illiterate 0.80% 0.98% 0.96% Below SSC 0.80% 2.53% 1.87% SSC/HSC 4.00% 4.01% 4.18% Some College and Above 4.40% 3.08% 3.24% Schedule Caste/Tribe 13.80% 30.90% 27.84% Other 86.20% 69.10% 72.16% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Table 6: Demographics Jharkhand Male 55.70% 51.32% 51.92% Female 44.30% 48.68% 48.08% 15-24 26.20% 28.76% 28.11% 25-34 27.20% 23.64% 24.27% 35-44 21.70% 18.71% 19.24% 45-54 13.20% 12.97% 13.21% 55+ 11.70% 15.93% 15.17% Illiterate 39.20% 34.47% 35.02% Below SSC 9.90% 26.82% 24.16% SSC/HSC 13.20% 10.35% 10.51% Some College and Above 13.70% 2.11% 4.18% Illiterate 10.50% 5.19% 5.39% Below SSC 3.40% 8.14% 7.65% SSC/HSC 4.90% 8.32% 8.43% Some College and Above 5.20% 4.60% 4.67% Schedule Caste/Tribe 41.70% 38.29% 38.74% Other 58.30% 61.71% 61.26% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Table 7: Demographics Karnataka Male 52.40% 50.43% 50.64% Female 47.60% 49.57% 49.36% 15-24 17.50% 26.39% 26.11% 25-34 30.70% 23.25% 23.50% 35-44 25.40% 18.93% 19.21% 45-54 15.50% 13.81% 13.95% 55+ 10.90% 17.62% 17.24% Illiterate 22.80% 21.97% 21.93% Below SSC 17.20% 23.14% 22.93% SSC/HSC 12.10% 12.48% 12.47% Some College and Above 9.90% 3.01% 3.61% Illiterate 5.00% 6.22% 6.10% Below SSC 14.00% 12.12% 12.14% SSC/HSC 10.50% 12.85% 12.61% Some College and Above 8.50% 8.21% 8.22% Schedule Caste/Tribe 21.10% 24.10% 23.97% Other 78.90% 75.90% 76.03% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Table 8: Demographics Kerala Male 47.30% 47.06% 46.96% Female 52.70% 52.94% 53.04% 15-24 17.40% 20.66% 20.56% 25-34 18.70% 19.81% 19.67% 35-44 20.10% 19.55% 19.43% 45-54 15.60% 16.74% 16.67% 55+ 28.20% 23.24% 23.67% Illiterate 3.70% 4.02% 4.01% Below SSC 26.90% 24.68% 24.83% SSC/HSC 11.60% 17.48% 16.99% Some College and Above 9.80% 5.97% 6.20% Illiterate 2.10% 2.51% 2.50% Below SSC 23.60% 20.81% 21.06% SSC/HSC 11.70% 16.77% 16.54% Some College and Above 10.60% 7.75% 7.87% Schedule Caste/Tribe 7.00% 10.55% 9.94% Other 93.00% 89.45% 90.06% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Table 9: Demographics Madhya Pradesh Male 54.30% 51.71% 51.44% Female 45.70% 48.29% 48.56% 15-24 28.20% 29.38% 30.15% 25-34 27.10% 22.81% 23.93% 35-44 23.40% 18.81% 19.52% 45-54 12.70% 12.89% 12.76% 55+ 8.60% 16.11% 13.64% Illiterate 17.60% 30.47% 25.90% Below SSC 33.80% 30.05% 30.71% SSC/HSC 10.30% 7.98% 8.40% Some College and Above 11.30% 1.79% 4.57% Illiterate 5.70% 5.67% 5.66% Below SSC 12.30% 11.04% 11.42% SSC/HSC 5.40% 7.87% 8.29% Some College and Above 3.60% 5.13% 5.04% Schedule Caste/Tribe 9.00% 36.71% 27.56% Other 91.00% 63.29% 72.44% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Table 10: Demographics Maharashtra Male 52.40% 51.49% 51.68% Female 47.60% 48.51% 48.32% 15-24 22.90% 26.47% 26.61% 25-34 27.70% 23.09% 23.29% 35-44 22.10% 18.82% 18.89% 45-54 12.40% 13.35% 13.37% 55+ 14.90% 18.27% 17.83% Illiterate 8.50% 14.20% 13.40% Below SSC 32.70% 24.11% 24.44% SSC/HSC 9.70% 12.51% 12.62% Some College and Above 3.10% 2.79% 2.82% Illiterate 4.20% 5.64% 5.62% Below SSC 17.80% 16.48% 16.64% SSC/HSC 17.00% 15.38% 15.53% Some College and Above 7.00% 8.90% 8.94% Schedule Caste/Tribe 18.40% 21.17% 20.91% Other 81.60% 78.83% 79.09% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Table 11: Demographics Odisha Male 49.30% 50.32% 49.67% Female 50.70% 49.68% 50.33% 15-24 21.30% 25.89% 24.40% 25-34 22.40% 22.42% 22.53% 35-44 21.10% 19.28% 19.79% 45-54 15.60% 14.04% 14.43% 55+ 19.60% 18.36% 18.84% Illiterate 26.40% 27.91% 28.45% Below SSC 27.10% 39.38% 38.81% SSC/HSC 25.30% 11.69% 12.22% Some College and Above 5.20% 3.43% 3.51% Illiterate 3.30% 2.73% 2.79% Below SSC 5.00% 6.63% 6.57% SSC/HSC 6.30% 4.93% 5.04% Some College and Above 1.40% 3.29% 2.60% Schedule Caste/Tribe 33.10% 39.98% 39.15% Other 66.90% 60.02% 60.85% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Table 12: Demographics Punjab Male 51.80% 52.00% 51.71% Female 48.20% 48.00% 48.29% 15-24 26.20% 27.13% 27.16% 25-34 22.70% 22.22% 21.73% 35-44 21.30% 18.32% 18.68% 45-54 14.40% 13.79% 14.05% 55+ 15.40% 18.54% 18.39% Illiterate 21.60% 20.15% 20.44% Below SSC 11.20% 21.26% 21.19% SSC/HSC 22.00% 17.83% 18.10% Some College and Above 8.20% 2.78% 3.35% Illiterate 9.80% 6.86% 6.98% Below SSC 3.70% 10.41% 8.92% SSC/HSC 16.10% 13.69% 13.88% Some College and Above 7.40% 7.02% 7.14% Schedule Caste/Tribe 28.60% 31.94% 31.91% Other 71.40% 68.06% 68.09% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Table 13: Demographics Rajasthan Male 51.20% 51.32% 51.33% Female 48.80% 48.68% 48.67% 15-24 29.00% 30.84% 30.82% 25-34 25.00% 22.60% 22.58% 35-44 19.50% 18.11% 18.16% 45-54 12.40% 12.71% 12.74% 55+ 14.10% 15.73% 15.70% Illiterate 32.00% 33.85% 33.87% Below SSC 23.30% 27.29% 27.25% SSC/HSC 12.40% 9.41% 9.48% Some College and Above 7.30% 2.74% 3.20% Illiterate 7.20% 5.99% 6.01% Below SSC 6.60% 9.63% 9.09% SSC/HSC 5.40% 6.58% 6.58% Some College and Above 5.80% 4.52% 4.53% Schedule Caste/Tribe 36.60% 31.31% 31.65% Other 63.40% 68.69% 68.35% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Table 14: Demographics Uttar Pradesh Male 52.40% 52.04% 52.13% Female 47.60% 47.96% 47.87% 15-24 30.20% 32.01% 32.39% 25-34 24.60% 21.70% 21.67% 35-44 17.70% 17.96% 17.61% 45-54 11.90% 11.85% 11.91% 55+ 15.60% 16.48% 16.42% Illiterate 36.30% 31.35% 31.71% Below SSC 17.50% 26.78% 25.93% SSC/HSC 15.10% 14.13% 14.25% Some College and Above 9.10% 3.78% 4.10% Illiterate 8.90% 6.29% 6.41% Below SSC 5.90% 7.21% 7.26% SSC/HSC 3.80% 6.22% 6.08% Some College and Above 3.40% 4.23% 4.27% Schedule Caste/Tribe 34.70% 21.27% 21.85% Other 65.30% 78.73% 78.15% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Table 15: Demographics West Bengal Male 45.60% 51.35% 50.95% Female 54.40% 48.65% 49.05% 15-24 23.30% 26.82% 26.53% 25-34 26.00% 22.34% 22.41% 35-44 21.90% 19.82% 19.91% 45-54 14.10% 14.44% 14.65% 55+ 14.70% 16.58% 16.50% Illiterate 21.40% 21.24% 21.35% Below SSC 35.30% 34.24% 34.41% SSC/HSC 9.30% 8.55% 8.70% Some College and Above 2.00% 2.18% 2.19% Illiterate 5.40% 5.57% 5.59% Below SSC 17.60% 14.79% 15.00% SSC/HSC 6.00% 8.09% 7.87% Some College and Above 3.00% 5.34% 4.88% Schedule Caste/Tribe 35.60% 29.32% 29.85% Other 64.40% 70.68% 70.15% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Table 16: Demographics Telangana Male 51.40% 49.74% 49.16% Female 48.60% 50.26% 50.84% 15-24 22.80% 26.16% 23.98% 25-34 23.60% 23.19% 23.80% 35-44 22.00% 19.20% 19.80% 45-54 17.80% 13.41% 13.90% 55+ 13.80% 18.04% 18.53% Illiterate 21.60% 30.52% 30.98% Below SSC 8.80% 19.57% 17.06% SSC/HSC 17.40% 12.73% 13.05% Some College and Above 14.20% 3.70% 4.52% Illiterate 8.80% 7.46% 7.67% Below SSC 7.60% 9.37% 9.58% SSC/HSC 10.60% 10.13% 10.38% Some College and Above 11.00% 6.51% 6.76% Schedule Caste/Tribe 22.60% 23.41% 23.76% Other 77.40% 76.59% 76.24% Copyright 2016 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 20