Unit 12 Lesson 1 The Congress of Vienna After the Napoleonic Wars, Europe faced many problems: 1) Many countries leaders had been replaced by Napoleon. 2) Some countries had been eliminated. 3) The liberalism & nationalism of the French Revolution had been spread throughout Europe. 4) How to insure that France would not again threaten Europe s s peace.
Unit 12 Lesson 1 The Congress of Vienna The leaders of Europe met at the Congress of Vienna to solve these problems. The Five Great Powers ( Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, & France) dominated the Congress. The Conservatives under Metternich controlled the Congress.
Unit 12 Lesson 1 The Congress of Vienna Accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna: 1) Relative peace from 1815-1914 1914 in Europe. 2) Restoration of legitimate governments. 3) HRE replaced by German Confederation. 4) The use of international conferences to resolve conflicts will continue.
Unit 12 Lesson 1 The Congress of Vienna 1812 versus 1815
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 Revolutions in France 1. In 1830, the French revolted against Charles X who wanted to be an absolute king the people made Louis Phillipe a limited monarch. 2. In 1848 a revolt deposed Louis & a republic was proclaimed with Louis Napoleon being president. 3. Louis Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor Napoleon III in 1851.
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 Revolutions in Austria 1. The revolt had two goals: a more liberal constitution & more autonomy for the many nationalities in the empire. 2. The rebellion failed because of a lack of unity & help from the Russians in crushing it.
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 Austrian Empire s s Nationalities
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 Revolutions in Italy 1. The Italians wanted to be unified into a country, & many wanted a liberal constitution. 2. Mazzini formed a Roman Republic, but it was ended by French troops. 3. Though the revolution failed, it did encourage the Italians to continue seeking unification.
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 Revolutions in Prussia 1. Students revolted & wanted a liberal constitution. They offered the Prussian king the crown of a unified Germany. 2. The king turned down the crown because it was illegitimate but the Prussians did want to unify Germany.
Unit 12 Lesson 2 Revolutions of 1830 & 1848 No Revolutions 1. In Russia there were no real revolutions because of the great power used to suppress them, and no changes resulted. 2. In Great Britain there were no revolts because the people were allowed to make changes legally through the Parliament.
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs During the 1800s several new belief systems developed which would have a huge impact: 1) Nationalism- people without a nation-state will want one, those with one will want it to become more powerful.
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs 2. Darwinism/Evolution- Darwin s theory of natural selection will impact fields far beyond biology, whether true or not. 3. Anti-Semitism Semitism- an intense hatred of the Jewish people, found particularly in France, Russia, & Austria at this time. 4. Zionism- movement calling for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs 5. Positivism/Determinism- said that the scientific method was the ONLY way to discover truth. EVERYTHING had a naturalistic cause even human behavior was caused by physical causes interacting with the environment 6. Anarchism- believed governments were evil & used to oppress the poor, therefore they should all be destroyed
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs Socialism Socialism began as a reaction against the terrible conditions created by the early Industrial Revolution, but eventually they called for government ownership of the means of production (factories, mines, farms, etc.).
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs Stages of Socialism 1. Utopian- tried to create better conditions for workers by starting communes. These failed & were ridiculed by later socialists.
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs 2. Scientific Socialism/Marxism- also known as communism, it was begun by Karl Marx, who said history was moving man towards a communist society with complete equality & no private property. He said history was a class struggle between the haves & have- nots which would eventually result in a bloody revolution with the haves being destroyed.
Unit 12 Lesson 3 New Beliefs Marxism s s Class Struggle Bourgeoisie (Haves) Versus Proletariat (Have Nots) 3. Revisionists- They came to believe that as democracy became more popular, violent revolution wasn t t needed, you could just work for legal change.
Unit 12 Lesson 4 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the textile industry. There was an increase in the use of machines and new forms of power (human>animal>water>steam) Great improvements were made in transportation, fueling the growth of new industries such as coal & iron.
Unit 12 Lesson 4 The Industrial Revolution Results of the Industrial Revolution 1. Increased production made foreign trade more important. 2. The new middle class would want political power. 3. The new class or wage earners was created. 4. Social & family changes occurred. 5. Rapid growth of cities (urbanization). 6. Decisive technological edge for Europe
Unit 12 Lesson 4 The Industrial Revolution Four Fears of the Working Class: Unemployment Illness Injury Old Age
Unit 12 Lesson 5 Imperialism Causes of European Imperialism 1. The need for foreign markets for their products & sources of raw materials. 2. To make $ for the mother country. 3. Bragging rights - having more colonies than other countries. 4. Growing belief in Social Darwinism or White Man s s Burden.
Unit 12 Lesson 5 Imperialism European Imperialism
Unit 12 Lesson 5 Imperialism Results of Imperialism 1. Competition for colonies led to friction between countries. 2. The development of the colonized peoples would be helped & hurt. 3. Artificial colonial boundaries put on Africans would later be a problem. 4. Relations between the colonizers & colonized would be poisoned.