Where Democracy is Born Unfertile, rocky soil - Sea traders, sailors - Colonies Coined money - 600 BC Easier to buy and sell (Advanced) Chapter 5 Section 2 Warring City-States 1
Chapter 5 Section 2 Warring City-States City States - Polis Unique situation Own separate countries (13 colonies) Separate, Small Governments Government of Greece = All city states could have different governments at different states and at different times City States - Polis -less then 10,000 people Chapter 5 Section 2 -Small area, size of Rhode Island smaller then Connecticut -Acropolis = fort built on hill 2
Chapter 5 Section 2 " 1. Attica = 2. Central Greece = Lamia 3. Central Macedonia 4. Crete 5. East Macedonia & Thrace 6. Epirus 7. Ionian Islands 8. North Aegean 9. Peloponnese- 10. South Aegean 11. Thessaly 12. West Greece 13. West Macedonia City States - Polis Chapter 5 Section 2 Ø Kings - born into it, one for every state Ø Aristocrats Best man = nobles take over at 700 BC rich people Ø Hoplite (common people) Ø Tyrants (rulers of Hoplites) absolute power, Brutal Ø Democracy - rule of the people 3
Social Groups (like ) 1. Aristocrats, farmers Athenian born, Citizens Full political rights Make up 1/2 the population Social Groups (like ) 1. Aristocrats, farmers Athenian born, Citizens Full political rights Make up 1/2 the population 2. Metics non citizens, born outside, Merchants, free, pay taxes, no political power cannot own land Make up 1/4 of population 4
Social Groups (like ) 1. Aristocrats, farmers Athenian born, Citizens Full political rights Make up 1/2 the population 2. Metics not citizens, born outside, Merchants, free, pay taxes, no political power cannot own land Make up 1/4 of population 3. Slaves - natural and necessary, property Captured in war, Make up 1/4 of population Freed slaves became metics Government- Aristocratic- Only Citizens held office Assembly = all adult male citizens 5
Government- Aristocratic- Only Citizens held office Assembly = all adult male citizens Archons - 9 men - elected rulers. Short term= 1 year, prevents corruption Government- Aristocratic- Only Citizens held office Assembly = all adult male citizens Archons - 9 men - elected rulers. Short term= 1 year, prevents corruption 621 BC Draco writes down laws. Pg 128 Draco laws were harsh and severe. Rule by law, not men = doesn t matter who is leader, you re ruled by law. First time laws are written down! 6
Government- Aristocratic- Only Citizens held office Assembly = all adult male citizens Archons - 9 men - elected rulers. Short term= 1 year, prevents corruption 621 BC Draco writes down laws. Draco laws were harsh and severe. Rules by law, not men = doesn t matter who is leader, you re ruled by law. Metics and nobles become wealthy Farmers grew poor and sold into slavery (crop failure) to pay off debts. Solon (archon) 594 BC pg 128 Tries to settle disputes & freed people who had become slaves. Tried to erase debt Revamps the entire citizenry and change government into 4 groups based on wealth Two richest groups could hold office. All citizens could sit on Assembly Court made of citizen jurors. Problems don t end! 7
Peisistratus 546 BC - 527 BC Rules as a tyrant. Listens to people, Improves economy, but clashes with nobles. Eventually thrown out Peisistratus 546 BC - 527 BC Rules as a tyrant. Listens to people, Improves economy, but clashes with nobles. Eventually thrown out Cleisthenes 507 BC Turns into Democracy 10 tribes- 50 men in each tribe = Council of 500 (1 yr term no more then two terms) Propose laws and decide (representatives) Direct democracy - all citizens involved. Jury Trials 8
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Military- city state Physical, disciplined, warring people. One of the most famous polis. Formed in late 1100 BC. Invaders from the north overrun most of the Peloponnesus Unlike most of Greek city states, was located in valley, not on a hill. Not surrounded by walls for defense. Peloponnesus was isolated and mountainous. May explain why developed very differently from. Conquered people called helots 725 BC pg 129 10
n Society Three Social Groups 1. Equals = descended from the invaders Have the power- control city state. Land is divided among them - along with the helots to work it. 2. Half Citizens. = free, pay taxes, Work in army as a soldier, not a general. NO Political Power. Some Farm, work in Trade and Industry Some even become Rich 3. Helots= lowest, slaves, captured in war. Large part of population, No power Tortured. n military used to control them. (military state) Government Ø 2 Kings Ø One Rules Army Ø One led home matters. 11
Government Ø 2 Kings Ø One Rules Army Ø One led home matters. Ø Council of Elders Ø 28 males (60 years old, experienced, wealthy, wise men + 2 kings & 5 ephors) Ø Propose laws to assembly Ø Criminal Court Government 2 Kings One Rules Army One led home matters. Council of Elders 28 males (60 years old, experienced, wealthy, wise men) Propose laws to assembly Criminal Court Assembly- All Equals over 30 years old. Make laws, final decision Can reject laws proposed by Council of Elders 12
Government Ephors (part of Assembly, Assembly elects) 1 yr term- keep kings in line Only do this once in your lifetime. 5 ephors complete control of education of young ns Military From birth to death military controls life. Goal is to make a Military Machine! Every male part of that machine 13
Military Age 7 Boys go to military Training School, Learn to read, write, but also physical fitness. Age 18 to 20 Train for war, learn to fight Age 20-30 Full time soldier Can marry, but can t live with wife until 30 Not allowed to engage in any trade or business Love of money would interfere with military discipline. Member of Military until age 60 Females - no individual freedom (worthless), duty to make strong babies, loyal to state. 14
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Expansion of Greece Ø Persian Wars 500-479 BC Ø Darius - Crushed Greek revolts of Asia Minor Ø Wants to punish for helping rebels Ø Conquers Thrace and Macedonia Ø Battle of Marathon - Athenians defeat Persians (even though out numbered, turning point in war) Ø 10 years of peace 16
Persian Wars Ø Persian Wars 500-479 BC Ø Darius - Crushed Greek revolts of Asia Minor Ø Wants to punish for helping rebels Ø Conquers Thrace and Macedonia Ø Battle of Marathon - Athenians defeat Persians (even though out numbered, turning point in war) Ø 10 years of peace Ø 480 Darius s son, Xerxes Ø Greek city states unite ( & ) Ø Battle of Thermopylae (movie 300 ) Ø ns fight Persians in pass - 3 days- time to prepare forces Persian Wars Persian Wars 500-479 BC Themistocles - Athenian leader Told Athenians to leave city and escape. Persian army destroyed but went after Athenian fleet. Salamis Strait Greeks small & quick navy maneuvers in narrow waters of strait. Greeks sank much of Persian Fleet Greeks Win ( & ) 17
Expansion of Greece Persian Wars 18
Persian Wars 500-479 BC Results Free of Persian Rule but still have Persian Meddling. (new confidence & freedom) Rebuild Threat of Persian invasion creates DELIAN LEAGUE DEFEATING THE PERSIANS ALLOWS THE FLOURISHING OF GREEK CULTURE TO EXPAND AND ALLOWS FOR THE FORMULATING THE BASIS OF MODERN CULTURE! Ø Persian Wars 500-479 BC Ø Results Ø Delian League= Alliance of city states with leaders. Ø 140 city states Ø They always knew the Persians would be there so they wanted to protect themselves. Ø Each contributes money Ø Located on island of Delos 19
Ø Persian Wars 500-479 BC Ø Delian League 20