The main textbook for this course is: JUFN03 ENFORCEMENT OF EU LAW LECTURE READING LIST Spring term 2018 Paul Craig and Gráinne de Búrca EU Law: Text, cases and materials (6 th Edn, Oxford, OUP 2015). Reading for the lectures Students are encouraged to prepare for lectures by reading the materials suggested by the lecturers. As a minimum students are expected to read the relevant passages from the course textbook. Lecture on Supremacy Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 9 Mancini The Making of a Constitution for Europe (1989) 26 Common Market Law Review 589 Judgment in Costa v ENEL, 6/64, EU:C:1964:66 Lecture on Direct Effect Direct effect and primacy (supremacy) of EU law are often presented as the distinctive features of the EU legal order. Therefore it is not a coincidence that our lecture takes place right after the lecture on Primacy (Supremacy). In this lecture we will explore the origins of direct effect and distinguish direct effect from direct applicability. Furthermore, we will examine direct effect in relation with Treaty provisions, Regulations, Directives and International treaties. The direct effect of directives has always been a difficult and controversial subject, thus due regard will be paid to it. Craig and De Búrca, Chapter 7 o This chapter gives a very good overview of the topic. It will help, borrowing the authors words, to navigate through the difficult waters that lie ahead when exploring the Direct Effect of EU Law. Judgment in Van Gend & Loos, 26-62, EU:C:1963:1 1
Judgment in Van Duyn, 41/74, EU:C:1974:133 Judgment in Defrenne, 43/75, EU:C:1976: 56 Judgment in Marshall, 152/84, EU:C:1986:84 Judgment in Von Colson, 14/83, EU:C:1984:153 Judgment in Marleasing, C-106/89, EU:C:1990:395 Judgment in CIA, C-194/94, EU:C:1996:172 Judgment in Unilever Italia, EU:C:2000:496 Judgment in Muñoz and Superior Fruiticola, C-253/00, EU:C:2002:497 Judgment in Mangold, C-144/04, EU:C:2005:709 Optional For the specific discussion on the Direct Effect of Directives please read the articles that follows: Thomas Papadopoulos, Criticizing the Horizontal Direct Effect of the EU General Principle of Equality, ( 2011) available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1912212 P. Pescatore, The doctrine of direct effect : An infant disease of Community law, (2015) 40 (2) European Law Review, 135-153 (republished). Note that it is quite an old piece. Michal Bobek s chapter in a textbook on EU law provides a concise introduction for the study of the legal effects of directives and is, in addition, useful reading for our seminar on the primacy and direct effect. Michal Bobek, The Effects of EU Law in the National Legal Systems in C Barnard and S Peers (eds), European Union Law (OUP 2014) 140-173, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2371396 Lecture on General Principles of EU law Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 4.3(c) T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EU Law (Oxford University Press) chapter 1 (available online via Lovisa) Lecture on Fundamental Rights Despite not being mentioned in the original Treaty of Rome, fundamental rights have become a central part of EU law. In this lecture we will discuss how that became so, and introduce the sources of fundamental rights in EU law. We will also consider who is bound by EU fundamental rights, and in what situations a member state will be required to respect EU fundamental rights. 2
Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 11 JUFN03 VT18 Reading E Hancox, E. The meaning of "implementing" EU law under Article 51(1) of the Charter (2013) 50 C.M.L.Rev. 6, 1411 Judgment in Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, 11-70, EU:C:1970:114 Judgment in Åkerberg Fransson, C-617/10, EU:C:2013:280 Lecture on ECHR Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 11.9 S Douglas-Scott, S. Douglas-Scott, 'The European Union and Human Rights after the Treaty of Lisbon' (2011) 11 Human Rights Law Review 645 (2006) 43 Common Market Law Review 629 Judgment of ECtHR in Avotins v Latvia Grand Chamber Judgment of 23 May 2016(App.No. 17502/07) Opinion 2/13 of the Court (Full Court) of 18 December 2014, esp. paras 152-200 Lecture on Social Europe and Austerity Barnard C., The Financial Crisis and the Euro Plus Pact: A Labour Lawyer s Perspective, in Industrial Law Journal, vol. 41, no. 1, 2012, 98-114; Fischer-Lascano A., Competencies of the Troika: Legal Limitations of the Institutions of the European Union, in Niklas Bruun, Klaus Lörcher and Isabelle Schömann (eds.), The Economic and Financial Crisis and Collective Labour Law in Europe, Hart, 2014, 55-82; Deakin S., Social Policy, Economic Governance and EMU: Alternatives to Austerity, in Niklas Bruun, Klaus Lörcher and Isabelle Schömann (eds.), The Economic and Financial Crisis and Collective Labour Law in Europe, Hart, 2014, 83-106. Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 2.7 Lecture on the Court of Justice Court website: overview of procedural regulation under "Court of Justice" and "Procedure" in the menu on the left of the webpage (http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/jo2_7031/). No need to read all the documents, but browse through them to have an idea of the range and content. 3
Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 23 Lecture on Citizenship Nic Shuibhne, The Resilience of EU Market Citizenship [2010] 47 CMLRev, 1597 Nowak, J. (2011). Case C-34/09, Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v. Office National de l'emploi (ONEM) & Case C-434/09, Shirley McCarthy v. Secretary of State for the Home Department. Columbia Journal of European Law, 17 (3), 673-704. Lecture on State and Union Liability Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 8.7 and Chapter 16 M.P. Maduro/L. Azoulai, The Past and Future of EU Law (Oxford Hart Publishing 2010), Chapter X: Joint Cases C-6/90 and C-9/90, Andrea Francovich and Danila Bonifaci and others v Italian Republic (pages 403-430) (E-Book available through Lovisa). A. Rosas/L. Armati, EU Constitutional Law (2 nd Edn) (Hart, 2012), chapter 16: Covenants of No Strength to Secure A Man At All? Issues of Enforcement and Control (pages 261-281). (Copies available from Eduardo.) Case law joined cases C-6 & 9/90, Francovich and Bonifaci joined cases C-46 & 48/93, Brasserie du Pecheur and Factortame III case C-224/01, Köbler case C-453/99, Courage case C452/09, Iaia and others case C-429/09, Fuss case C-501/12 et alia, Specht case C-352/98 P, Bergaderm; joined cases C-120/06 P and C-121/06 P, FIAMM; case C-611/12 P, Giordano case T-317/12, Holcim Lecture on Procedural Autonomy of Member States Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 8 (up to and including 8.6) 4
JUFN03 VT18 Reading M Rönnmar, Laval returns to Sweden: The final judgment of the Swedish labour court and Swedish legislative reforms (2010) 39 Industrial Law Journal 280 287 A.-M. van de Bossche, 'Private Enforcement, Procedural Autonomy and Article 19(1) TEU: Two's Company, Three's a Crowd' (2014) 33 Yearbook of European Law Bobek M., Why there is no principle of "procedural autonomy" of the member state, in de Witte B. & Micklitz H. (eds.), The European Court of Justice and the autonomy of the member states, Antwerp: Intersentia, 2011 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1614922 Lecture on Article 267 TFEU We will consider the preliminary reference procedure, which is the jewel in the Crown in enforcement of EU law. We will consider the role of this procedure in the constitutional structure of the EU, the structure of Article 267 and look in detail at the duties of the national court to refer. Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 13 T Tridimas Knocking on Heaven s Door: Fragmentation, Efficiency and Defiance in the Preliminary Reference Procedure (2003) 40 Common Market Law Review 9-50. : Judgment in CILFIT C-238/81 EU:C:1982:335 Lecture on Public enforcement of EU Law, Article 258 We will discuss the public enforcement of EU Law on the basis of the infringement procedure enshrined in Article 258 TFEU. First of all we will distinguish it from the private enforcement and discuss the aims of the public enforcement of the EU Law. Then we will explore the functioning of the Article 258 TFEU by discussing the stages of enforcement, types of infringement, state defenses and sanctions (Article 259). In the end we will elaborate on the possible intersection between the private and public enforcement and prepare the ground to advance our discussion on the role of the individual in public enforcement followed in the seminar. Treaty Articles: Articles 258 and 259 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union The reading material on the functioning of Article 258 TFEU is as follows 1. Paul Craig and Graine De Burca, EU Law. Text, Cases and Materials, (sixth edition), Chapter 12. 5
2. Stine Andersen, Failure to Comply with EU Law: Article 258 TFEU in S. Andersen, The Enforcement of EU Law: The Role of the European Commission (Oxford Scholarship Online, 2012). : Case 28/67 Mölkerei-Zentrale Westfalen v Hauptzollamt Paderborn ECLI:EU:C:1968:17 Case 247/87 Star Fruit ECLI:EU:C:1989:58 Case C-247/89 Commission v Portugal ECLI:EU:C:1991:305 Case 265/95 Commission v France ECLI:EU:C:1997:595 Case 226/87 Commission v Greece ECLI:EU:C:1988:354 AG Sharpston s opinion in Case C-562/14 P, Kingdom of Sweden v European Commission, ECLI:EU:C:2016:885 Craig and de Búrca; Chapter 14 Lecture on Art 263 TFEU Peers S and Costa M, Case T-18/10 Inuit, Case T-262/10 Microban' (2012) 8 European constitutional law review 82 A. Albors-Llorens, 'Sealing the fate of private parties in annulment proceedings? The General Court and the new standing test in Article 263(4) TFEU' (2012) 71 Cambridge Law Journal 52 S Bogojevic, Access to Justice in Light of Judicial Subsidiarity An example from EU Environmental Law (copies will be provided) 6