End of Federalists. & Age of Jefferson Change for the new country.
War & Terror: Does the US Govt have the power to take away your rights in time of crisis (ie. war) to protect the security of the country? ALIEN ACTS: Federal government has power to deport (send out of the country) any immigrant who was considered a risk That is still in place Also, changed naturalization (immigrants become citizens) increase the time they had to live in the country from 5 years to 14 yrs SEDITION ACT: Federal government has power to arrest anyone who spoke out against the government Mostly Democratic/Republicans and newspaper editors who opposed Federalists..
WHO? Jefferson s and Madison s response to the Sedition Act.. WHY UPSET? Believed Sedition Act violated freedom of speech and press. WHAT? They tried to convince the other states not to support the Sedition Act. Kty/va resolutions
Adams Napoleon Convention of 1800 signed: ended Franco-American alliance Adams deserves credit: Avoided war Unknowingly laid foundation for LA Purchase Adams sacrificed his re-election in 1800 to keep US out of war Patriotism above self-interest Adams/napoleon
Born in Virginia A practicing lawyer and member of Virginia s House of Burgesses Father of the DOI Secretary of State under President Washington Vice President under Adams Owned 200 slaves
The Election of 1800 Republicans Federalists
Jefferson defeats Adams in the Electoral College 73-65. Problem: Jefferson & Burr received 73 votes each and both were Democratic- Republicans Therefore election decided by House of Representatives ELECTION OF 1800
1. Election of 1800: The rise of political parties caused flaws in the electoral college Parties chose their candidates and electors would vote for them Federalists Adams--Pres---65 Hamilton---VP Democratic Republicans Jefferson---Pres.---73 Burr---VP----73 2. Led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr----House of Representatives chose Jefferson. 3. To eliminate future problems 12 th Amendment: Requires electors to specify which person they want for President and VP on separate ballots so their would never be a tie. electoral college
Aaron Burr (1756-1836) Fought with the continental Army in the Revolutionary war. A practicing lawyer in New York City against Hamilton Vice President of the United States (1801-1805). Kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel Involved in the Burr Conspiracy
Champion for the common man Believed education would prepare them for participation in government.. For now, educated should rule Kept most Federalist programs. Repealed the Whiskey tax Kept Hamilton s financial policies BUS
Jefferson axed a few Federalist policies Pardoned those convicted under expired Sedition Act Reduced residency requirement for citizenship back to 5 years Repealed hated excise tax Made efforts to eliminate debt
Jeffersonian democracy Visualized an agrarian society Feared industrialization Farmers were the chosen class. Laissez faire--govt. stays out of people s lives Native Americans, they would have to change. Assimilate Learn agriculture and become selfsufficient or Push voluntary removal of tribes to western lands
Midnight Judges John Marshall becomes Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Attempt by Adams to pack the courts with Judges who had Federalist views.
Precedent? ONLY THE SUPREME COURT INTERPRETS WHAT THE CONSTITUTION MEANS AND CAN DECLARE A LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL The power to judge the laws as Constitutional = JUDICIAL REVIEW.
Marbury vs. Madison, 1803 Case: William Marbury, a Federalist and a midnight appointment of President Adams, did not receive his commission from Secretary of State, James Madison. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver his commission. Decision/Reason: Marshall dismissed suit, because the Supreme Court had no authority to give Marbury his commission. Significance: Established precedent of judicial review and the Supreme Court, not states had power to declare laws of Congress unconstitutional.
Spanish Land 1800 Great Britain after the Revolution. United States after War Spanish land after Revolution New Orleans
French Land in 1801 Great Britain after the Revolution. United States after War Spanish land New Orleans
1800, France took over Spanish Louisiana & New Orleans Because of pressure from the west and worries about national security, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from France We offered Napoleon $10 million to buy New Orleans **If sale fails, he planned to seek alliance with England
Impressment An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men and forcing them into your navy France began impressing our ships and sailors because of our Neutrality Proclamation. France upset because we violated the Franco American Treaty of 1778.
Why does Napoleon sell?
Toussaint L Ouverture, former slave led a slave rebellion in French Haiti. Napoleon was unable to put down this rebellion. So he abandoned his dream of a French America. Haitian rev
Louisiana purchase Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered the entire Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million He needed the money for his war with Great Britain Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre Doubled the size of the US
Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? Jefferson used loose construction to justify his decision It was for the best interest of the nation.
Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? Hamilton and Federalists were against this purchase Why? Population shift take Federalist power away in Congress BUT The people loved it New Opportunity
Expansion of the United States with Louisiana Purchase 1803
Spring, 1804: Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis and army officer William Clark to explore Louisiana Corp of Discovery: 28 men who accompanied Lewis/Clark. Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of Indians, overland trail to Pacific President Jefferson wanted to find the Northwest Passage United States claim to the Pacific Northwest
Interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark Her knowledge of trails and mountain passes helped with the success of the expedition. She was also a diplomat for Lewis and Clark. Many tribes had never seen white men before. Her presence with a baby was looked upon as good and Lewis and Clark were considered peaceful.
Map LP/3
Barbary raids
1806: USS Chesapeake, a US merchant ship 10 miles off the coast of VA British ship in the region ordered it to stop British fired 3 shots at the Chesapeake before it surrendered 3 Americans were killed, 18 wounded and 4 sailors impressed 1 executed
embargo1
Foreign Policy & Embargo Act of 1807 Jefferson pushes Embargo Act of 1807 Americans forbidden to trade with Europeans or dock at foreign ports Hoped Britain and France needed us more than we needed them Bad plan 1790-1807: US exports had increased 5 fold Now instant stop bad news New England Shipping industry South tobacco rots on the dock Middle states wheat values drop drastically