TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY: EXPANDING JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALASKA NATIVES Current Native and Trends S-1 Promising Approaches to Increasing Native Hire S-4 I. NATIVE EMPLOYMENT: THE CURRENT CONTEXT The Native Labor Force I-1 A Preference for Seasonal and Part-Time Work I-1 Rapid Growth in Labor Force I-3 Native Labor Force Concentrated in Small Rural Areas I-10 Growth Will be Concentrated in Urban Areas I-14 The Job Outlook I-16 More Than Half the Jobs are Support Or State and Local Government I-16 Job Growth Will Slow but Continue to Favor Support Industries I-19 Most of the New Jobs Will be in Urban Alaska I-22 Native I-25 Government I-25 Federal Government I-25 State Government I-27 Local Government I-28 Overall Composition of Native I-28 Native Unemployment I-31 Are There Enough Jobs to Satisfy Demand? I-36 Non-Resident I-39 Economic Multiplier I-43 II. WELFARE TO WORK: POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON ALASKA NATIVE COMMUNITIES II-1 Summary of Changes II-2
Benefit Time Limits and Exempt Communities Jobs and Other Work Activities Hardship Provisions Tribal ATAPs Concerns of Native Communities Will Welfare Reform Affect Migration? What About Training? What About Education? What Are the Opportunities for Community Service? What About Child Care? Conclusions II-2 II-2 II-3 II-3 II-4 II-4 II-4 II-5 II-5 II-5 II-5 III. EXPANDING NATIVE EMPLOYMENT IN EXISTING JOBS AND PROGRAMS Private Businesses and Regional Corporations Red Dog Mine Community Development Quotas (CDQs) Impediments to Increasing Native Compacting Model Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation Maniilaq Association Impediments to Increasing Native Hire through Compacting III-2 III-2 III-3 III-3 III-4 III-4 III-5 III-5 III-5 III-5 III-6 III-6 III-6 III-6 III-7 Section 29, Pipeline Right-of-Way Agreement III-7 III-7 III-8
Oil and Oilfield Service Companies Arctic Slope Regional Corporation III-8 III-9 III-9 III-9 0 0 1 NANA Regional Corporation 1 ` 1 1 2 NANA Scholarships 2 Camp Sivunniigvik 2 Impediments to Increased Native Hire Louden Village Tribal Council and Yukana Development Corporation Federal Programs Construction of the Alaska Native Medical Center Emergency Fire Fighter (EFF) Crews 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 Leveraging Native Hire through Sanitation and Safe Water Projects: Force Accounts, Contracting, and Cooperative Agreements with IHS 8 8 Davis-Bacon and Mini-Davis Bacon Legislation 9 Use of Force Accounts III-20 Alternatives to Force Accounts III-22 One Village s Experience with a Cooperative Agreement III-22 Barriers to Extending Force Accounts and MOAs III-23 Effects III-23
Federal Agency Policies Equal Opportunity Targets Federal Aviation Administration : Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service Bureau of Land Management III-24 III-24 III-25 III-25 III-25 III-25 III-26 III-26 III-27 III-27 III-27 III-28 III-28 III-29 III-29 III-29 III-31 III-31 Minerals Management Service III-32 III-32 III-32 III-33 IV. PROGRAMS AND OPPORTUNITIES WITH POTENTIAL TO EMPLOY ALASKA NATIVES Private Businesses and Regional Corporations Bethel Native Corporation s Proposed Contract with DOD IV-1 IV-1 IV-1
Cooperation between Native Organizations and Labor Unions: Project Labor Agreements Nome Area Sites Project Galena Sub-Region Agreement Federal Programs and Policies National Guard : Hazardous Waste Removal and Abatement IV-4 IV-5 IV-5 IV-5 IV-6 IV-6 IV-6 IV-8 IV-8 Co-Management and Marine Mammal Research: Section 119 of Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty IV-8 IV-8 IV-9 ` IV-9 IV-9 IV-9 Community Service: AmeriCorps and VISTA AmeriCorps VISTA IV-10 IV-10 State Policies and Programs IV-12 The VPSO Program and Potential Expansion Expanding Duties IV-12 IV-12 IV-12 IV-13
Rural Telecommunications IV-13 IV-13 IV-13 IV-14 IV-14 IV-14 IV-14 IV-15 IV-15 V. BARRIERS TO INCREASED EMPLOYMENT AND STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING BARRIERS Local Economic Activity V-1 Availability of Capital: Micro-Loan and Other Programs V-1 The Grameen Bank V-1 The Lakota Fund V-1 RDA/Mini-Grant Program V-2 Revolving Loan/Mini-Loan Programs V-3 Alaska Village Initiatives EDA Boat Loan Program V-4 Conventional Bank Loans V-4 V-5 Village Crafts and Services V-5 InuCraft / NANA V-5 Chukchi Sea Trading Company V-5 Shishmaref Tannery V-6 Rural Tourism V-6 V-6 Potential Barriers to Rural Tourism V-6 Existing V-7 Training Opportunities V-8 V-8 Introducing Career Choices: TCC Summer Camps V-9 Strategies from Other Times and Places V-9 The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Harvard Indian Project V-9 V-9 Findings on Economic Development V-10 Harvard Project Findings V-11
Relocation of Native Americans V-12 VI. ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE ALASKA NATIVE EMPLOYMENT Alaska Human Resource Investment Council Tribal Rights Offices Alaska Native Coalition on and Training ANCSA Human Resources Alaska s People Center for Economic Development VI-1 VI-1 VI-2 VI-3 VI-3 VI-4 VII. CONCLUSIONS What Do We Know From Demographic and Data? How Will Welfare Reform Affect the Picture? What Approaches to Increasing Native Hire Seem Most Promising? Close Collaboration with Industry and Monitoring of Hiring Compacting Force Accounts Project Labor Agreements CDQs Federal Agencies with Local-Hire Authority Regional Corporations Shareholder Hire Programs Co-Management Micro-Loan Programs What Are Specific Activities in Which Rural Alaska Natives May Have Some Advantages? Data Processing Firefighting and Hazardous Material Crews Eco-Tourism VII-1 VII-2 VII-2 VII-2 VII-3 VII-3 VII-3 VII-4 VII-4 VII-4
Can A Past Success be Revived? Alaska National Guard What Have We Learned from the Experience of Others? The Canadian Royal Commission Report The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development VII-6 VII-6 VII-6 VII-6 APPENDIXES Appendix A. List of Exempt Alaska Native Villages Appendix B. Map of the Regulatory Environment Appendix C. List of Contacts