James Madison Amendment I: Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition. Amendment II: Right to bear arms (for militia). Amendment III: no quartering in peacetime Amendment IV: No unreasonable searches; require warrants. Amendment V: Right not to speak during a civil trial; Double Jeopardy. Amendment VI: Right to a speedy and public trial. Amendment VII: Right to trial by jury when the sum exceeds $20. Amendment VIII: No excessive bails and/or fines. Amendment IX: Other rights not enumerated are also in effect. Amendment X: Non-federal powers belong to the state.
Vice President: John Adams CABINET Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of War: Henry Knox Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Assumption of debts debate Ends in compromise Assumption for DC
Created federal courts under Supreme Court John Jay first chief justice of the United States
Increase national unity by raising stakes for success. Tariffs to generate funds to pay on debt and protect young industries 1789 8% tariff on imports Who wants to own some debt? 1791 excise tax on domestic items including whiskey
Tax Collectors Tarred and Feathered Washington leads troops to end rebellion
National Bank 10 th Amendment Vs necessary and proper clause
1791 20 year charter Philadelphia $10 million in capital, 1/5 owned by govt Stock open to public sale
Franco-American alliance of 1778 in effect but Britain enters war making it more complicated. Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 kept America out of it.
The British backed Indians in the Ohio Valley were defeated by American troops, 1794. The Treaty of Greenville, 1795, arranged for payment for land.
1794 John Jay travels to London to seek peace with British who had seized American ships, impressed Americans, and imprisoned Americans while at war with France in the Caribbean. Treaty infuriated Jeffersonian party, because it included American repayment of pre-revolutionary debts. It also motivated Spain to back off, as they feared Anglo-American alliance.
In his farewell address Washington: Extolls the benefits of the federal government. "The unity of government...is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence...of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize. Warns against the party system. "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public Administration...agitates the Community with illfounded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one...against another...it opens the door to foreign influence and corruption...thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another."
Stresses the importance of religion and morality. "Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation in Courts of Justice?" On stable public credit. "...cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible...avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt...it is essential that you...bear in mind, that towards the payments of debts there must be Revenue, that to have Revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not...inconvenient and unpleasant..." Warns against permanent foreign alliances. It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."
On an over-powerful military establishment. "...avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty." In saying farewell to the new nation he helped create Washington pointed out that "...the name of American, which belongs to you, in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of Patriotism..."
Domestic Policy Judiciary Act Bill of Rights National Bank Whiskey Rebellion Foreign Policy Peace Treaty with Creek Indians Battle of Fallen Timbers Neutrality Commissioned warships British & French attacks in Caribbean Barbary Pirates, Algiers Jay s Treaty Peace with Spain Precedents 2 terms Cabinet Separation between executive and legislative branches Presidents can dismiss staff without Congress
Main issues: Whiskey Rebellion, Jay's Treaty
You closet monarchist, British bootlicker! You atheist, Francophile, War Wimp!
Vice President: Thomas Jefferson Domestic Policy Alien Acts Sedition Act Foreign Policy Continued Neutrality but undeclared war with France on the seas XYZ Affair Peace treaty with Napoleon ended 1778 alliance and America paid damages to shippers
Kentucky Resolution (Jefferson) Virginia Resolution (Madison)
Republicans Rule by the informed masses Democracy should be extended Govt should be weak States rights should be protected Strict interpretation of Constitution No special favors to business Agriculture is the noble work Rigid economy (no debt) Fewer govt workers Pro-France State banks Freedom of press and speech Minimal navy Federalists Rule by the best people Democracy shouldn t be extended Govt should be strong States rights should be sacrificed Loose interpretation of Constitution Protective tariffs Industry is noble National debt is a blessing Expanding bureaucracy Pro-British National bank Restrictions on freedom of press and speech Strong navy