George H. W. Bush and Foreign Affairs

An Index to the Microfilm Edition of THE PAPERS OF PRESIDENT GEORGE H.W. BUSH George H. W. Bush and Foreign Affairs 1989-1993 Part 4: The Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain Primary Source Media

The Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain Guide Compiled by Daniel Piper Primary Source Media

Primary Source Media George H. W. Bush and Foreign Affairs 1989-1993 Part 4: The Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain Compilation 2010 Primary Source Media ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information, contact us at Gale Customer Support, 1-800-444-0799 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests via email online at robert.lester@cengage.com ISBN: 978-1-57803-419-1 Primary Source Media 12 Lunar Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525 Tel: (800) 444-0799 and (203) 397-2600 Fax: (203) 397-3893 Visit the Primary Source Media website at gale.cengage.com/psm Visit Gale online at gale.cengage.com Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com Cover Photograph: President George H.W. Bush s opening speech. Courtesy of the National Archives, College Park, MD. Printed in the United States of America

TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content.. v Source Note....vi Editorial Note..... vi Reel Index Reel 1 White House Office of Records Management: Subject Files. 1 White House Office of Records Management: Alphabetical Files 4 White House Staff and Office Files: Correspondence Office... 4 White House Staff and Office Files: Council of Economic Advisors... 4 Reel 2 White House Staff and Office Files: Media Affairs.... 4 White House Staff and Office Files: National Security Council... 5 Reel 3 White House Staff and Office Files: National Security Council cont... 7 Reel 4 White House Staff and Office Files: National Security Council cont... 8 Reel 5 White House Staff and Office Files: National Security Council cont.. 10 White House Staff and Office Files: White House Office of Policy Development 11 White House Staff and Office Files: Press Office 11 White House Staff and Office Files: Public Liaison. 11 White House Staff and Office Files: Speechwriting Office. 12 Subject Index 13

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE This collection comprises materials related to the planning and organization of the October 1991 Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain. It consists of correspondence, memoranda, cables, diplomatic dispatches, reports, studies, maps, and printed material which document all aspects of staging the conference as well as the conference itself. These materials provide detailed information about the role of the United States in convening the peace conference, the interactions of Middle Eastern nations, and the role of European nations in the peace process. In addition, they reveal the highly complex nature of the negotiations leading up to and during the peace conference and highlight the positions of the various parties involved. The correspondence in particular documents the exchanges among heads of state throughout the negotiations, whereas memoranda, cables, and dispatches reveal the world of the professional negotiators and diplomats involved in the process. Also, there is documentation that provides insight into the attitudes and opinions of interest groups as they promoted particular ideas and proposals regarding the Middle East. This collection sheds light on the constantly evolving Middle East peace process. v

SOURCE AND EDITORIAL NOTE The documents reproduced in this publication constitute the complete FOIA request listed as: FOIA Request 1998-0497-F Records Regarding the Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain. These are records of George Bush, in the custody of the George Bush Presidential Library, College Station, Texas. All available documents have been filmed in their entirety and as they are arranged at the library. vi

REEL INDEX The following is a listing of the folders comprising the microfilm publication entitled George H. W. Bush and Foreign Affairs 1989-1993, Part 4: The Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid, Spain. The Reel Index lists the series and subseries, the folder number and folder title, as well as a listing of the major subjects for each folder. REEL 1 Folder # Subject Files White House Office of Records Management [1] General Scanned Records CO 001-07 [261337]. Major subjects: Arab Jews; World Organization for Jews from Arab Countries. [2] General Scanned Records CO 001-07 [271091]. Major subjects: Browning, Edmond L.; Peace efforts; Palestinian territories; Israel. [3] Confidential File CO 001-07 [168027]. [4] Confidential File CO 001-07 [250076]. Major subjects: Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud; Saudi Arabia. [5] Confidential File CO 001-07 [265325]. [6] Scanned Records CO 045 [251661]. Major subject: Egypt. [7] Confidential File CO 045 [305453]. Major subject: Egypt. [8] Confidential File CO 045 [309901]. Major subject: Mubarak, Hosny. [9] General Scanned Records CO 074 [249119]. Major subject: Public opinion. [10] General Scanned Records CO 074 [265199]. [11] General Scanned Records CO 074 [269524]. Major subject: Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 1

[12] General Scanned Records CO 074 [293455]. [13] General Scanned Records CO 074 [311200]. Major subjects: Bush, George H. W.; Shamir, Yitzhak. [14] General CO 074 [259177]. [15] General CO 074 [259399]. Major subject: Shamir, Yitzhak [16] General CO 074 [272802]. Major subject: Shamir, Yitzhak [17] General CO 074 [309916]. Major subjects: Bush, George H. W.; Shamir, Yitzhak. [18] General Scanned Records CO 074 [265231]. [19] General CO 074 [307817]. [20] General Scanned Records CO 134 [265208]. [21] General CO 134 [258022]. [22] General CO 134 [296637]. [23] Scanned Records General FG 017 [062366cu]. [24] General Scanned Records FG 999 [275758]. Major subjects: Religious reconciliation efforts; Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE); UN Security Council Resolutions. [25] General Scanned Records FO 004-02 [271731]. Major subject: Public opinion. [26] General FO 004-00 [260129]. [27] General FO 005-02 [286968]. Major subject: Saudi Arabia [28] General Scanned Records FO 006 [273404]. Major subjects: Public opinion; Peace efforts. [29] General Scanned Records FO 006 [288711]. Major subjects: Israel; Loans; Peace efforts; Madrid Peace Conference. 2

[30] General Scanned Records FO 006 [288787]. Major subject: Bush, George H. W. [31] Confidential File FO 006-11 [261510]. [32] Scanned Records FO 006-13 [283188 to 305109]. Major subjects: Public opinion; Peace efforts. [33] Confidential File FO 006-13 [26581 to 310295]. Major subjects: Public opinion; Peace efforts. [34] Confidential File FO 008 [270576]. [35] Confidential File FO 008-02 [229879]. [36] Scanned Records GI 002 [261902]. [37] Confidential File IT 086 [262227]. [38] General Scanned Records ND 016 [201145]. [39] General Scanned Records ND 016 [207348]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Public opinion; Persian Gulf War. [40] Confidential File ND 016 [270020]. [41] Confidential File ND 016 [270277]. [42] General Scanned Records PR 012 [204874]. Major subjects: Persian Gulf War; Public opinion. [43] General Scanned Records PR 012 [284113]. Major subject: Madrid Peace Conference. [44] General SP842 [282484SS to 293955SS]. Major subjects: Madrid Peace Conference; Public opinion; Bush, George H. W. [45] Confidential File SP842 [281494SS to 293068SS]. Major subjects: Bush, George H. W.; Madrid Peace Conference. [46] General Scanned Records TR090 [189201SS to 241993]. Major subjects: Persian Gulf War; Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE); Bush, George H. W. [47] Confidential File 190333 to 197289. 3

Alphabetical Files Robert Rosamund Files [48] AP (279491). Kermit Zarley [49] AP (276661). Major subjects: Peace efforts; Palestinians; Israel. Correspondence Office White House Staff and Office Files Beverly Ward Files [50] Middle East Issues [Information Used for Background in Developing Robo Letters] [OA/ID 08203-005]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Middle East; Public opinion; Lebanon. Council of Economic Advisors Michael Boskin Files [51] Subject Files; Middle East Situation/Oil Crises [OA/ID 08073-008]. Major subjects: Oil; Economy; Trade policy, U.S.; Persian Gulf War. REEL 2 Folder # Media Affairs White House Staff and Office Files cont. Miscellaneous Files [52] Media Guide to the President's Trip to Europe and the Middle East 11/16-20/90 [OA/ID CF01658]. Major subjects: Czechoslovakia; Germany, Federal Republic of; Europe; Bush, George H. W. trips; France; Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE); Armed forces negotiations; Iraq; Saudi Arabia; Egypt; Operation Desert Shield; Middle East; Bush, George H. W. 4

National Security Council John Gordon Files-Subject Files [53] Madrid-April 1992 [OA/ID CF01658]. Richard Haass Files-Trip Files [54] Richard Haass Trip to Middle East, November 3-10, 1990 (with Secretary Baker) [OA/ID CF01352]. Major subjects: Middle East; Haass, Richard. [55] Richard Haas, Trip Folder, November 3-10, 1990 [OA/ID CF01352-004]. Major subjects: Middle East; USSR; Baker, James. [56] Richard Haass, Trip to Saudi Arabia-March 26-28, 1991 [OA/ID CF01352-008] Richard Haass Files [57] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-January 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-001]. [58] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-February 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-002]. Major subject: Conference on Security and Cooperation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East (CSCM). [59] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-March 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-003]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Iraq. [60] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-April 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-004]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Palestinians; Israel; Palestinian territories. [61] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-May 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-005]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; UN Security Council Resolutions; Israel; Palestinians; Jordan; Syria; Baker, James. [62] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-June 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-006]. [63] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-July 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-007]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; UN Security Council Resolutions; Palestinians; Israel; Middle East. 5

[64] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-August 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-008]. [65] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-September 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-009]. Major subject: Peace efforts. [66] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-October 1991 [1] [OA/ID CF01503-010]. Major subjects: Israel; Emigration/immigration. [67] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-October 1991 [2] [OA/ID CF01503-011]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Middle East. [68] Middle East Peace Process Files [Middle East] Peace Process-November 1991 [OA/ID CF01503-012]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Israel; Middle East. Richard Haas Files-Presidential Meeting Files [69] Presidential Visit with [Israeli] Prime Minister [Yitzhak] Shamir- November 15, 1989 [OA/ID CF01405-001]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Middle East. [70] Presidential Visit with King Fahd of Saudi Arabia-November 20, 1990 [OA/ID CF01405-022]. [71] Presidential visit with the Amir of Kuwait-November 21, 1990 [OA/ID CF01405-023]. [72] Presidential visit with Prince Bandar [of Saudi Arabia]-July 8, 1991 [OA/ID CF01405-024]. [73] Presidential visit with President of Hraoui of Lebanon-September 24, 1991 [OA/ID CF01405-025]. [74] Presidential visit with King Hassan [of Morocco]-September 26, 1991 [1] [OA/ID CF01405-026]. Major subjects: Morocco; Peace efforts; King Hassan III. 6

REEL 3 Folder # National Security Council cont. White House Staff and Office Files cont. Richard Haas Files-Presidential Meeting Files cont. [75] Presidential Visit with King Hassan [of Morocco]-September 26, 1991 [2] [OA/ID CF01405-027]. Major subjects: Morocco; UN Security Council Resolutions; Polisario Front; United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO); King Hassan II; Peace efforts. [76] Presidential Meeting with Amir of Kuwait-October 2, 1991 [OA/ID CF01405-028]. Major subjects: Bush, George H. W.; Kuwait; Jaber III al Ahmad al-jaber al- Sabah. [77] Presidential Visit with Amir of Bahrain [1] [OA/ID CF01405-029]. Major subjects: Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain; Iraq; USSR; Peace efforts; Bahrain. [78] Presidential Visit with Amir of Bahrain [2] [OA/ID CF01405-030]. Major subject: Bahrain. [79] Meeting between President and Various Leaders in Madrid, 10/30/91 [OA/ID CF01405-31]. Major subjects: Shamir, Yitzhak; Israel; Palestinian territories; Terrorism. [80] Richard Haass Trip to Madrid-October 28-30, 1991 [OA/ID CF01937-020]. Edmund Hull Files-Subject Files [81] VIP Trips: [Secretary James] Baker Trip, September 16-21, 1991 [OA/ID CF01393-001]. Major subjects: Israel; Loans; Peace efforts; Palestinians; Land for Peace concept; Palestinian territories; Syria; Golan Heights; USSR. [82] VIP Trips: [Secretary James] Baker Trip, October 12-19, 1991 [OA/ID CF01393-002]. Major subjects: Jordan; USSR; UN Security Council Resolutions; Peace efforts; Israel; Palestinians; King Hussein Bin Talal. 7

[83] Madrid: General [OA/ID CF01393-003]. Major subjects: Palestinians; Madrid Peace Conference; Persian Gulf War; Press/media; UN Security Council Resolutions; USSR; Palestinians. [84] Madrid: Jordan [OA/ID CF01393-004]. Major subjects: Jordan; UN Security Council Resolutions; Land for Peace concept. [85] Madrid: Palestinian Issues [OA/ID CF01393-005]. Major subjects: Palestinians; UN Security Council Resolutions; Palestine National Council; Zionism. [86] VIP Trip: [Secretary James] Baker Trip, July 18-26, 1991 [OA/ID CF01393-006]. Major subject: Jordan. [87] Madrid: Israel [OA/ID CF01393-012]. Major subjects: Israel; Palestinian territories; Emigration/immigration. REEL 4 Folder # White House Staff and Office Files cont. National Security Council cont. Edmund Hull Files-Subject Files cont. [88] Madrid: Syria [OA/IDCF01393-013]. Major subjects: Madrid peace conference; UN Security Council Resolutions; Syria. [89] Madrid: Egypt [OA/ID CF013930-14]. Major subjects: Egypt; Madrid peace conference. [90] Madrid: Lebanon [OA/ID CF01393-015]. Major subjects: Madrid peace conference; Lebanon. [91] Madrid: Other Participants [OA/ID CF01393-016]. Major subjects: Madrid peace conference; Syria; Jordan. [92] Peace Process Positions: Shamir [OA/ID CF01394-001]. Major subjects: Israel; Emigration/immigration; Palestinian territories; Peace efforts; Israel. 8

[93] Peace Process Positions: Levy [OA/ID CF01394-002]. [94] Peace Process Positions: Arens [OA/ID CF01394-003]. [95] Peace Process Positions: Israel Other [OA/ID CF01394-004]. [96] Peace Process Positions: Palestinians PLO [OA/ID CF01394-005]. Major subjects: Palestinians; Peace efforts; Persian Gulf War; Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); Palestinian territories; Israel. [97] Peace Process Positions: Egypt [OA/ID CF01394-006]. Major subjects: Palestinians; Egypt; Peace efforts. [98] Peace Process Positions: Jordan [OA/ID CF01394-007]. [99] Peace Process Positions: United Nations [OA/ID CF01394-008]. [100] Peace Process Positions: Soviet Union [OA/ID CF01394-009]. [101] Peace Process Positions: Saudi Arabia [OA/ID CF01394-010]. [102] Peace Process Positions: Policy [OA/ID CF01394-011]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; Israel; UN Security Council Resolutions; Palestinians; Palestinian territories. [103] Peace Process Positions: Policy [OA/ID CF01394-011]. Major subjects: American Jewish Committee; Israel; Foreign aid, U.S. [104] U.S. Strategy for MEPC [Middle East Peace Process] [OA/ID CF01395-016]. Major subjects: Peace efforts; UN Security Council Resolutions; Strategic Peace Initiative Package (SPIP); U.S.; Arab American Institute; Palestinians; Egypt; Israel. Susan Koch Files-Subject Files [105] Madrid Summit, October 28-30, 1991 [OA/ID CF01337-029]. Major subject: Bush, George H. W. trips. Virginia Lampley Files-Subject Files [106] Middle East Peace Process [OA/ID CFO1391-005]. Major subject: Jerusalem. [107] Middle East Resolution [OA/ID CF01391-006]. Major subject: Iraq. 9

Ted McNamara Files-Subject Files [108] Israel [OA/ID CF01346]. Major subjects: Israel; Terrorism. Daniel B. Poneman Files-Subject Files [109] Israel [OA/ID CF01346-013]. Major subjects: Nuclear non-proliferation; Arms control. Nicholas Rostow Files-Subject Files [110] Middle East [OA/ID CF01325]. Major subjects: Persian Gulf War; Israel; Palestinians; Iran; Lebanon. [111] Middle East Arms Control [OA/ID CF01325-017]. Major subject: Arms control. [112] Middle East Peace Conference [OA/ID CF01325-018]. David Welch Files-Subject Files [113] [Israeli Prime Minister] Yitzhak Shamir Visit-December 11, 1990 [OA/ID CF00759-011]. Major subjects: Shamir, Yitzhak; Israel; Bush, George H. W. Roger Porter Files [114] Middle East [OA/ID 08852-025]. Major subjects: Israel; Palestinians; Emigration/immigration; Egypt; Oil; Syria; Saudi Arabia; Somalia; Iran; Intifada; Water; Algeria. REEL 5 Folder # National Security Council cont. White House Staff and Office Files cont. Roger Porter Files cont. [114] Roger Porter Files; Middle East [OA/ID 08852-025] cont. Major subjects: Morocco; Algeria; Polisario Front; United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO); Israel; Palestinians; Peace efforts; Lebanon; Palestinian territories; Loans; Persian Gulf War; Israel; Arab- Israelis; Land confiscation; USSR; Emigration/immigration; Arab nationalism; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Egypt; Water; Islamic fundamentalism; Iran; Saudi Arabia. 10

White House Office of Policy Development Roger Porter Files [115] Middle East; [OA/ID 08855-100]. Major subjects: Middle East. Press Office Marlin Fitzwater Files-Alphabetical Subject Files [116] Middle East [OA/ID 6547] [OA/ID 12920-011]. Major subjects: Bush, George H. W. Public Events and Initiatives Sig Rogich Files [117] Travel: Site Surveys-Europe and Middle East-11/2-12/90 [OA/ID 04738-005]. Major subjects: Czechoslovakia Public Liaison Bobbie Kilberg Files [118] Baker Middle East Policy Speech [OA/ID 07451-039]. [119] Baker Speech 5/31/89-Middle East [OA/ID 07451-038]. Major subjects: Israel; Land for Peace concept. Jane Leonard Files [120] Madrid [OA/ID 07781-011]. Major subjects: Lebanon; Syria. [121] Madrid: Iman W. Deen Muhammed [OA/ID 07781-027]. Major subjects: United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO); American Muslim community; Arab American community; Mohammed, W. Dean. [122] Madrid [OA/ID 07781-028]. Major subjects: UN; Palestinians; Israel Lobby; Arab-American Press Guild; Lebanon; Syria. [123] Madrid: U.S. Loan Guarantees [OA/ID 07781-029] Major subjects: Israel; Loans; Palestinian territories; USSR; Foreign aid, U.S.; Palestinians; Moscow peace conference. 11

[124] Middle East: Peace Conference [OA/ID 07761-030]. Major subjects: Hezbollah; Israel; NATO; Madrid peace conference; Press/media; Madrid peace conference. James Schaefer Files [125] Middle East [OA/ID 07559-005]. Major subjects: Arab American community; American Muslim community; Pakistan; Lebanon; Public opinion; Kashmir. Windy White Files [126] Middle East Peace Process [OA/ID 06304-014] Major subjects: American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC); Madrid peace conference; Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); Jordan; Israel; Palestinian territories; Syria; Lebanon; Moscow peace conference; Palestinians; Water. Speechwriting Office Mark Davis Files-Subject File, 1989-1991 [127] Foreign Policy-Middle East, 1989 [OA/ID 8750] [OA/ID 13870-011] Major subjects: American Jewish community; Press/media. 12

SUBJECT INDEX This index provides the user with access to the major subjects in this microfilm publication. The first number after an entry refers to the reel, while the number following the colon refers to the folder number containing material on the subject. For example, 4:114 refers to folder 114 which is found on reel 4. The Subject Index is best used in conjunction with the Reel Index, which lists not only folder numbers, but folder titles as well. Algeria 4:114; 5:114 American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) Madrid peace conference, 5:126 American Jewish Committee 4:103 American Jewish community 5:127 American Muslim community 5:121, 125 Arab American community 5:121, 125 Arab American Institute 4:104 Arab Jews 1:1 Arab nationalism 5:114 Arab-American Press Guild peace efforts, 5:122 Arab-Israelis 5:114 Armed forces negotiations USSR-U.S., 2:52 Arms control general, 4:111 nuclear non-proliferation, 4:109 Bahrain peace efforts, 3:77 presidential statements, 3:77, 78 Baker, James Europe trip, 2:55 Middle East, 2:55 peace efforts, 2:61 Browning, Edmond L. peace efforts, 1:2 Bush, George H. W. electoral strategy, 1:30 Middle East, 2:52 presidential statements, 1:44, 45, 46; 3:76; 5:116 Shamir, Yitzhak, 1:13, 17; 4:113 Bush, George H. W. trips Europe, 2:52 Madrid, 4:105 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 1:24, 46; 2:52 Conference on Security and Cooperation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East (CSCM) 2:58 Czechoslovakia 2:52; 5:117 Economy oil prices, 1:51 Egypt general, 1:7; 2:52; 4:97, 114 Madrid peace conference, 4:89 persecution of Christians, 1:6 relations with Israel, 4:104 water, 5:114 Emigration/immigration Israel, 2:66; 3:87; 4:92, 114; 5:114 USSR, 5:114 13

Eritrea geopolitics, 5:114 Ethiopia geopolitics, 5:114 Europe 2:52 Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud 1:4 Foreign aid, U.S. general, 5:123 Israel, 4:103 France 2:52 Germany, Federal Republic of 2:52 Golan Heights 3:81 Haass, Richard Middle East, 2:54 Hezbollah conflict with Israel, 5:124 Intifada Israeli repression of, 4:114 Iran general, 4:114; 5:114 relations with U.S., 4:110 Iraq general, 2:52, 59 UN sanctions, 3:77; 4:107 Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain 3:77 Islamic fundamentalism 5:114 Israel 1992 elections, 4:114 Arab boycott, 4:110 Arab-Israelis, 5:114 civil rights, 5:114 conflict with Hezbollah, 5:124 counter-terrorism, 4:108 deportations of Palestinians, 4:110 economy, 5:114, 126 expansionism, 5:119 foreign aid, U.S., 4:103 general, 4:102 immigration, 2:66; 3:87; 4:92, 114; 5:114 land confiscation, 5:114 loans, U.S., 1:29; 3:81; 5:114, 123 Palestinians, 4:114 peace efforts, 1:49; 2:60, 61, 63, 68; 3:82; 4:92; 5:114 politics, 5:114 relations with Egypt, 4:104 relations with U.S., 4:108, 113; 5:114 repression of Intifada, 4:114 settlements in Palestinian territories, 1:2; 2:60; 3:79, 81, 87; 4:92, 96; 5:114, 123, 126 Israel Lobby 5:122 Jaber III al Ahmad al-jaber al-sabah 3:76 Jerusalem 4:106 Jordan general, 2:61; 3:82, 84, 86 Madrid peace conference, 4:91; 5:126 Kashmir conflict in, 5:125 King Hassan II 3:75 King Hassan III 2:74 King Hussein Bin Talal 3:82 Kuwait 3:76 Land confiscation Arab-Israelis, 5:114 14

Land for Peace concept 3:81, 84; 5:119 Lebanon general, 5:114, 122 Government, 5:120 independence issues, 4:110 Madrid peace conference, 4:90; 5:126 political reforms, 5:120 public opinion, 1:50; 5:125 relations with Syria, 5:120 Taef Accord, 5:120 Loans U.S.-Israel, 1:29; 3:81; 5:114, 123 Madrid peace conference American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 5:126 Egypt, 4:89 general, 1:29, 43 Jordan, 4:91; 5:126 Lebanon, 4:90 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 5:126 presidential statements, 1:44, 45; 3:83; 5:124 press/media, 5:124 public opinion, 1:44 Syria, 4:88, 91 Middle East general, 2:52, 54, 55 history, 5:115 peace efforts, 1:50; 2:63, 67, 68, 69 public opinion, 1:50 Mohammed, W. Dean 5:121 Morocco economy, 3:75 general, 5:114 peace efforts, 2:74; 3:75 political prisoners, 3:75 presidential statements, 3:75 Moscow peace conference general, 5:123, 126 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 5:126 Syria, 5:126 Mubarak, Hosni 1:8 NATO 5:124 Nuclear non-proliferation 4:109 Oil general, 4:114 price policies, 1:51 Operation Desert Shield 2:52 Pakistan Ahmadi community, 5:125 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) general, 1:11; 4:96 Madrid peace conference, 5:126 Moscow peace conference, 5:126 Palestine National Council 3:85 Palestinian territories elections, 4:102 Israeli settlements in, 1:2; 2:60; 3:79, 81, 87; 4:92, 96; 5:114, 123, 126 Palestinians autonomy proposals, 4:102, 104, 114; 5:126 boycott of Moscow peace conference, 5:123 delegates to peace conference, 3:85 economy, 3:83 elections, 4:97 general, 3:81, 83, 85; 5:122 Israel, 4:114 Israeli deportations of, 4:110 liberation movements, 5:114 peace efforts, 1:49; 2:60, 61, 63; 3:82; 4:96; 5:114 politics, 5:114 refugees, 4:96 Peace efforts Bahrain, 3:77 Baker, James, 2:61 Browning, Edmond L., 1:2 Egypt, 4:97 15

general, 2:65; 3:81; 4:102 Israel, 1:49; 2:60, 61, 63, 68; 3:82; 4:92; 5:114 Jordan, 2:61 loan guarantees, U.S., 1:29 Middle East, 1:50; 2:59, 61, 63, 67, 68, 69 Morocco, 2:74; 3:75 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 4:96 Palestinians, 1:49; 2:60, 61, 63, 63; 3:82; 4:96; 5:114 public opinion, 1:28, 32, 33, 39 Syria, 2:61 U.S., 4:104 Persian Gulf War effects on Israeli foreign policy, 5:114 general, 1:39, 46, 51; 3:83; 4:96, 110 public opinion, 1:42 Polisario Front 3:75; 5:114 Press/media Madrid peace conference, 5:124 opinion, 5:127 response to peace conference, 3:83 Public opinion general, 1:9, 25 Lebanon, 1:50; 5:125 Madrid Peace Conference, 1:44 Middle East, 1:50 peace efforts, 1:28, 32, 33, 39 Persian Gulf War, 1:42 Religious reconciliation efforts 1:24 Saudi Arabia border control, 1:27 general, 1:4; 2:52; 5:114 role in Syrian crisis, 4:114 Shamir, Yitzhak Bush, George H. W., 1:13, 17; 4:113 general, 1:15, 16; 3:79 Somalia 4:114 Syria drug trafficking in Lebanon, 5:122 general, 2:61; 3:81; 4:114 Madrid peace conference, 4:88, 91; 5:126 Moscow peace conference, 5:126 relations with Lebanon, 5:120 Terrorism general, 3:79 Israeli counter-terrorism, 4:108 Trade policy, U.S. oil, 1:51 U.S. peace efforts, 4:104 UN 5:122 UN Security Council Resolutions 242, 1:24; 2:61, 63; 3:82, 84, 85; 4:88, 102, 104 338, 1:24; 2:61, 63; 3:82, 85; 4:88, 102, 104 425, 3:83 465, 3:83 476, 3:83 478, 3:83 497, 3:83 658, 3:75 United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO) 5:121 United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) 3:75; 5:114 USSR emigration to Israel, 5:114 general, 3:77, 81, 82, 83 newly independent states, 5:123 relations with U.S., 2:55 Water Egypt, 5:114 general, 4:114; 5:126 Strategic Peace Initiative Package (SPIP) 4:104 16

World Organization for Jews from Arab Countries 1:1 Zionism 3:85 17

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