Introduction to data on ethnicity

Introduction to data on ethnicity Deborah Wiltshire, UK Data Service Alita Nandi, Institute for Social and Economic Research 19 November 2015 Can you hear us?? 1

Can you hear us? If Not: Check your volume, and that your speaker/headset is plugged in Your invitation also included a phone number; you can call that to listen in Overview Ethnicity in social surveys Searching for data on ethnicity Understanding Society Supporting documentation and useful resources Accessing Understanding Society data Further help Questions? Introduction to data on ethnicity 19 th November 2015 2

Ethnicity Collective identity An important element of the social world A key area of interest Included in many social surveys Information includes: Ethnic identity Country of birth Nationality Parents country of birth Religion Using the UK Data Service to find data on ethnicity A single point of access to a wide range of secondary social science data Enables you to search for ethnicity data Offers support, training and guidance http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/usedata/tutorials 3

UK Data Service http://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk Searching for data on ethnicity 4

Data By Theme page (1) Many different themes available We add new themes periodically Currently working on a new theme Poverty and Social Exclusion Can be a complimentary area of interest in ethnicity research Data By Theme page (2) Can see 4 tabs Each contain useful links and information Discover tab Includes links to our search tools Discover search tool Browse case studies HASSET thesaurus 5

Data By Theme page (3) Research tab Can browse existing studies using Understanding Society Can be helpful to see what research has been done already Can see how the data has been used Data By Theme page (4) Resources tab Links to our resources Including our practical guides Also can access our teaching datasets Also contains links to external resources/websites 6

Data By Theme page (5) Key Data tab Links to key studies which contain data on ethnicity Not an exhaustive list You can find other studies via Discover Click on the survey name to access the data and documentation Ethnicity Research using Understanding Society Institute for Social and Economic Research University of Essex 14 7

Understanding Society The UK Longitudinal Household Study (UKHLS) Started in 2009-10 with a sample of around 30,000 UK households Household survey Longitudinal survey 15 What happens when people move, households change? But what happens when individuals move? We follow them as long as they are still living in UK (including to institutions) with some exceptions we don t interview them in places it is difficult to get access to, e.g., prisons we also do not follow Temporary Sample Members 16 8

Who is interviewed each year? Wave 1: Understanding sampled household all Original Sample Members (OSM) Household A 17 Who is interviewed each year? Wave 1: Understanding sampled household all Original Sample Members (OSM) Household A Wave 2: One household member moves out and forms new household Household B Household C Temporary Sample Member (TSM) Interviewed because living with an OSM 18 9

Who is interviewed each year? Wave 1: Understanding sampled household all OSMs Household A Wave 2: One household member moves out and forms new household TSM interviewed because living with an OSM Household B Household C Wave 3: One household member separates from temporary sample member Household D Household E Household F TSM NOT interviewed because NOT living with OSM 19 Who provides the information? household & enumeration grid answered by any adult at the doorstep household questionnaire answered by an adult household member who knows about the household Individual adult questionnaires: face-to-face and selfcompletion questionnaires answered by adults (16+ years) in the household 20 10

Who provides the information? Proxy questionnaire answered by spouse or adult child of a respondent if respondent not available for interview shorter than the face-to-face individual questionnaire, consists of factual questions but not subjective attitudinal questions youth self-completion questionnaire answered by10-15 year olds in the household 21 Why Understanding Society for ethnicity research? It is the only longitudinal survey for ethnicity related research in UK It is a multidisciplinary multi-topic survey with Ethnicity as one of its priority areas It includes an Ethnic Minority Boost Sample (EMBS) a new Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Boost sample to be added in wave 6 An Extra Five Minutes of question time is set aside 22 11

Multi-disciplinary content Key Topics: significant research domains Education Employment Family and household Health, health behaviours, wellbeing Income, housing, wealth, expenditure & deprivation Attitudes, values and beliefs AND ETHNICITY 23 Ethnicity is one of the priority areas Measures of ethnicity Census ethnic group Own country of birth and year of arrival to UK Parents, grand parents countries of birth Religion Childhood language Questions related to ethnicity Ethnic Identity Britishness Social and friendship networks, their ethnic compositions 24 12

Ethnicity related research Are migrants more likely to be over-qualified? If so, are migrants from specific countries more vulnerable? Are income, poverty persistence and material deprivation different across ethnic groups? What explains the difference? Does social network and English language ability matter? Is there an ethnic wage penalty? Does that decrease across generations? Is it a consequence of some ethnic minorities concentrated in low paying jobs? 25 What proportion of people living in UK in 2009/10 when Understanding Society started were born outside of the UK?? 26 13

Sample design General population sample (GPS): nationally representative sample of 26,000 households Ethnic minority boost sample (EMBS): 4,000 households with individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds from high ethnic minority concentration areas For ethnicity related research, both samples need to be used together for complete coverage of ethnic groups 27 Screening question At the doorstep interviewer asked Does anyone living at this address come from, or have parents or grandparents from any of the following ethnic groups? The response categories were: Indian, Mixed Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Caribbean/West Indian, Mixed Caribbean/West Indian, North African, Black African, African Asian, Chinese, Far Eastern, Turkish, Middle Eastern / Iranian AND None of these Addresses at which at least one of these categories other than none of these was selected had a positive (but different) selection probability 28 14

Individual interviews in Wave 1 by ethnic groups EMBS GPS Total black African 925 480 1405 black Caribbean 770 349 1,119 Bangladeshi 950 176 1,126 Indian 1079 818 1,897 Pakistani 940 495 1,435 Five target ethnic groups 4664 2318 6,982 Arab 89 83 172 Chinese 191 127 318 Mixed 417 405 822 All ethnic minority groups 5,361 2,933 8,924 white British/English/Scottish/Welsh/Northern Irish 513 35,368 35,881 white Irish 22 698 717 Any other white background 125 1,253 1,378 Other ethnic groups 653 755 1,408 Total 6674 41,004 47,678 29 Extra five minutes of question These questions are asked of a sub-sample only Main questionnaire Ethnic Minority Boost Sample Yes Yes GPS A random sub-sample of 500 households (GP Comparison Sample) GPS - Ethnic minority individuals living in low ethnic minority concentration areas (Low Density Area sample) Yes Yes X5min questions Yes Yes GPS Rest of the households Yes NO 30 15

Extra five minutes questions Extra five minutes questions: some examples Remittance behaviour Experiences of harassment Migration history Ethnic identity Discrimination Importance of religion, religious practice Ethnic composition of friends and coworkers 31 For more information Ethnicity User Guide: https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati on/mainstage/user-guides Long term content plan: https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati on/mainstage/long-term-content-plan Online dataset documentation: https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati on/mainstage/dataset-documentation Questionnaires: https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati on/mainstage/questionnaires 32 16

What percentage of UK residents in 2009/10 sent or gave money to anyone in a country outside the UK in the past 12 months?? 33 There is more! Geographical locators are provided School codes are provided Survey data linked to the National Pupil Database (for England only) Access to these data generally require additional permissions available under special or secure license only 34 17

There is more! The large sample spread across the whole of UK allows regional level analysis and analysis of minority populations such as single parents, people with disability Health and biomarkers were collected by nurses from a sub-sample See Health Assessment and Biomarker User Guides for further details the British Household Panel Survey sample was added in 2010 (2 nd wave of Understanding Society) allowing analysis of a very long panel 35 There is more! the British Household Panel Survey Longitudinal household survey that started in 1991 with a sample 5,500 households from Great Britain In 1999 the Welsh and Scottish boost samples were added and in 2000 Northern Irish boost sample was added Annual interviews continued until 2008 36 18

Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study DATA STRUCTURE 37 Data structure Data is collected at different levels: adults, young persons and household Data is collected at every wave This is how the data is made available: each type of data based on the source is available as a separate file For each wave, there is one such set of files Linking variables are also provided to match these files 38 19

Naming convention to make this easy to follow Same type of data file will always have the same root name A letter wave prefix allows you to identify the wave: a_ is for wave 1, b_ for wave 2 and so on. E.g., the indresp file is called a_indresp in wave 1, b_indresp in wave 2 and so on The same naming convention applies to variables. E.g., the age variable is a_dvage in wave 1, b_dvage in wave 2 39 40 20

41 More about the data Missing data: these are given a negative value - 9: Missing - 8: Valid skip - 7: Proxy respondent - 2: Refuse - 1: Don t Know Imputed data: For some variables, e.g., income, missing components are imputed; Imputation flags are provided. 42 21

More about the data Derived variables: family identifiers: father, mother, partner identifiers Summary variables: number of children in the household, household size Summary scores for question modules such as GHQ, Big Five personality traits, SF-12, SDQ, BMI Variables computed after consistency checks always preferred to the raw unchecked versions Derived Variable names generally have a suffix _dv and are placed towards the end of the data files. 43 Weights Unequal selection probability and Non-response/attrition population estimates based on this sample may be biased if the variable of interest varies across the groups Weighted estimates eliminate this bias as the weights are designed to reduce the impact of those who are overrepresented in the sample. Different weight variables are provided each is appropriate for a different analysis. See USER GUIDE 44 22

Clustering and stratification Understanding Society sample has a clustered and stratified sample design To correctly estimate the standard errors the design should be taken into account Variables representing the clusters and strata are provided. 45 Weights and sample design Average monthly wages in UK Estimated mean and 95% confidence interval 46 23

Accessing Understanding Society data(1) Understanding Society can be accessed via the UK Data Service Can find the data via the Data by Theme pages Accessing Understanding Society data(2) 3 versions of the data Different level of detail/sensitivity in the data Subject to different access conditions Will focus on SN 6614 Will give you access to all data from Waves 1-5 24

Data Catalogue Record (1) The Data catalogue record includes a wide range of information Includes details of fieldwork schedules Topics covered Different versions of the data Sample design and size Data Catalogue Record (2) Includes a list of accompanying documentation Includes User Guide Technical reports Questionnaires And many others! Important to read at least the User Guide before starting to use the data 25

Useful Documentation: User Guide Technical Reports 26

Questionnaires Questionnaires arranged in modules Each module relates to a particular topic Contain information on each question: How was the question asked? Who was asked it? Does it depend on responses to previous questions? Some example questions Variable name: What question is called in the data Text: Exact question wording Universe: Who was asked the question Shows only new entrants were asked about National Identity 27

Some example questions Question on whether avoided specific places Part of Harassment module Multi-choice question respondent can select more than one answer Universe shows that only those in the Ethnic Minority boost & comparison samples were asked this Other documents.. 28

Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study ONLINE DOCUMENTATION 57 https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/ Click here 58 29

https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentation 59 60 30

61 Click here 62 31

User guides Main User Guide Ethnicity User Guide 63 Dataset documentation 64 32

Dataset documentation 65 Data file a_indresp 66 33

Search: ethnic group 67 Variable name & label as in the data file Variable name as in questionnaire Question wording Data file in which it appears Missing values Valid response categories Frequency distribution Waves in which this is asked Note: only asked of new entrants, so not a repeated question 68 34

Variable name & label as in the data file 69 Variable name as in questionnaire 70 35

Question wording 71 Data file in which it appears 72 36

Missing values Valid response categories Frequency distribution 73 Waves in which this is asked Note: only asked of new entrants, so not a repeated question 74 37

Click here 75 76 38

Start using the data Look at the user guide Attend our training workshops online and handson lab based workshops For more information see https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentati on/training These courses are free to attend/sign up 77 https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentation 78 39

https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/documentation 79 80 40

User Support forum 81 Further resources: UK Data Service How to guides found via Discover Video tutorials: http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/usedata/tutorials.aspx Workshops and user meetings (check our news and events pages) Got a query? See our help pages and FAQs Contact us: http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/aboutus/contact.aspx 41

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