Week American Government Folders 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy. 1. 12.1.1 12.1.1 Analyze the influence of ancient Greek, Roman, English, and leading European political thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the development of American government. p. 3 Government and the Public Good; What is Government? p. 4 Functions of Government: Maintaining Order (p. 4); Public Service (p. 6); Resolving Conflict (p. 6); Promoting Values (p. 6) p.15-17 Forms of Democracy: Direct Democracy & Representative Democracy; Case Study; Shaping Political History p. 251 Philosophy and the U.S. Court System 12.1.2 Discuss the character of American democracy and its promise and perils as articulated by Alexis de Tocqueville. Handout: CRF-USA.org The Citizen in Tocqueville s America 2. 12.1.3 Explain how the U.S. Constitution reflects a balance between the classical republican concern with promotion of the public good and the classical liberal concern with protecting individual rights; and discuss how the basic premises of liberal constitutionalism and democracy are joined in the Declaration of Independence as "self-evident truths." p. 12 Benefits of a Democracy p. 12 Allowing choice p. 13 Citizens in Action p. 14 Recognizing Individual Worth p. 14 - Promoting Respect for Law
p. 14 Protecting Minority Rights p. 14 Promoting the Public Good 12.1.4 Explain how the Founding Fathers' realistic view of human nature led directly to the establishment of a constitutional system that limited the power of the governors and the governed as articulated in the Federalist Papers p. 35 Constitutional Convention p. 35 The Delegates p. 36 Rival Plans p. 36 Virginia Plan p. 37 New Jersey Plan p. 38 The Great Compromise p. 38 Settling Other Issues p. 38 Slavery p. 39 Trade p. 39 The Presidency p. 40 Anti-Federalists p. 41 Federalists p. 41 Ratification p. 45 Analyzing Primary Sources p. 81 Checking Power p. 265 Refusing to Obey Court Decisions 3. 12.1.5 Describe the systems of separated and shared powers, the role of organized interests (Federalist Paper Number 10), checks and balances (Federalist Paper Number 51), the importance of an independent judiciary (Federalist Paper Number 78), enumerated powers, rule of law, federalism, and civilian control of the military. p. 40 Federalists and Anti-Federalists p. 41 Federalists, Ratification p. 42 Section 5 Review p. 47 Popular Sovereignty
p. 48 Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Executive & Legislative p. 40-42 Ratifying the Constitution p. 47-50 Basic Principles 12.1.6 Understand that the Bill of Rights limits the powers of the federal government and state governments p. 53 The 27 Amendments, Protecting Individual Freedoms, Expanding We The People High School: Pg. 98: Amendments to the Constitution Pg. 99-100: Congress response 12.2 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the scope and limits of rights and obligations as democratic citizens, the relationships among them, and how they are secured. 4. 12.2.1 Discuss the meaning and importance of each of the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights and how each is secured (e.g., freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition, privacy). Pg. 53 Pg. 297-298 Pg. 300-314: Amend #1 Pg. 319-325: Amend #4 Pg. 326-328: Amend #5 Pg. 329-332: Amend #6 Pg. 332-334: Amend #8 Pg R39-R41: Bill of Rights We the People : Lesson 23-27, Protecting our Basic Rights We the People Citizen & Constitution : Lesson 29-34, Bill of Rights 12.3.3 Discuss the historical role of religion and religious diversity p. 300 The Establishment Clause; Religion in Public Schools
p. 301 Government Aid for Religion p. 302 Taxes and Religion, Custom and Religion, The Free Exercise Clause p. 303 Section 2 Review 5. 12.2.2 Explain how economic rights are secured and their importance to the individual and to society (e.g., the right to acquire, use, transfer, and dispose of property; right to choose one's work; right to join or not join labor unions; copyright and patent). We The People : Lesson 29, Rights & Responsibilities of Citizenship Economic rights Use Economics text as resource for 12.2.2 12.2.3 Discuss the individual's legal obligations to obey the law, serve as a juror, and pay taxes. Pg. 4: Social contract (2 paragraphs) Pg. 191-192: Income taxes Pg. 195: Taxes & public good We The People : Ch. 29, Rights & Responsibilities of Citizenship We the People Citizen & Constitution : Lesson 36, Citizenship 12.2.4 Understand the obligations of civic-mindedness, including voting, being informed on civic issues, volunteering and performing public service, and serving in the military or alternative service. Pg. 12-15: Benefits of Democracy Pg. 13: Citizenship in Action, Teenage Volunteers We the People Level 2 Pg. 26-27: Ideas for discussion Pg. 28: Civic Virtue Pg. 251: Philosophy and the U.S. court system Pg. 152: Careers in Government The military 12.2.5 Describe the reciprocity between rights and obligations; that is, why enjoyment of one's rights entails respect for the rights of others.
Citizenship in Action: p. 13, 54, 125, 171, 236, 284, 309, 354, 423, 433, 483, 541 12.2.6 Explain how one becomes a citizen of the United States, including the process of naturalization (e.g., literacy, language, and other requirements). p. 339 Becoming a U.S. Citizen, By Birth p. 340 Through Naturalization p. 341 Losing Citizenship p. R43 Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1 12.3 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on what the fundamental values and principles of civil society are (i.e., the autonomous sphere of voluntary personal, social, and economic relations that are not part of government), their interdependence, and the meaning and importance of those values and principles for a free society. 6. 12.3.1 Explain how civil society provides opportunities for individuals to associate for social, cultural, religious, economic, and political purposes. p. 3 What is Government? p. 4 Origins of Government, Functions of Government, Maintaining Order p. 12 Benefits of Democracy, Allowing Choice p. 13 Citizenship in Action p. 14 Recognizing Individual Worth, Promoting Respect for Law, Protecting Minority Rights p. 53 The 27 th Amendment, Protecting Individual Freedoms, Expanding Voting and Other Rights p. 385 Functions of Interest Groups, Organizing People, Providing for Political Participation p. 393 Lobbying Today p. 396 Benefits of Interest Groups, Representing Minority Concerns 12.3.2 Explain how civil society makes it possible for people, individually or in association with others, to bring their influence to bear on government in ways other than voting and elections. p. 12 Benefits of Democracy, Allowing Choice
p. 94 Interest Groups p. 94 Constituents Interests p. 129 Influence of Special Interests. Interest Groups, Home Districts p. 132 Section 4 Review p. 385 Functions of Interest Groups, Organizing People, Providing for Political Participation p. 392 Lobbying 7. 12.3.4 Compare the relationship of government and civil society in constitutional democracies to the relationship of government and civil society in authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. p. 518 Spreading Communism, Joseph Stalin p. 16 Representative Democracy, Section 3 Review p. 9 Dictatorships p. 15 Promoting the Public Good, Forms of Democracy p. 8 Sources of Authority, Monarchies, Republics crf-usa.org Machiavelli and the Prince and The Stalin Purges 12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution. 8. 12.4.1 Discuss Article I of the Constitution as it relates to the legislative branch, including eligibility for office and lengths of terms of representatives and senators; election to office; the roles of the House and Senate in impeachment proceedings; the role of the vice president; the enumerated legislative powers; and the process by which a bill becomes a law. p. R28 Article I, Section 1, 2 p. R29 Article I, Section 3, 4 p. R30 Article I, Section 5, 6, 7 p. R31 Article I, Section 9, 10 p. R33 Article I, Section 10
12.4.2 Explain the process through which the Constitution can be amended. p. 51-55 Amending the Constitution 12.4.3 Identify their current representatives in the legislative branch of the national government. p. 95 Careers in Government, Congress Member p. 98-101 House of Representatives 9. 12.4.4 Discuss Article II of the Constitution as it relates to the executive branch, including eligibility for office and length of term, election to and removal from office, the oath of office, and the enumerated executive powers. p. 143 The Presidential Office p. 143-144 The President s Roles p. 145-146 Qualifications and Terms of Office p. 148 Executive Powers p. 149 Diplomatic Powers p. 151 Military Powers p. 153 Legislative Powers p. R33-R35 Article II 12.4.5 Discuss Article III of the Constitution as it relates to judicial power, including the length of terms of judges and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. p. 48 Separation of Powers, Articles I, II, III p. 250 Authority and the Courts p. R26/R35 Article III p. 152 Judicial Powers p. 269 The Federal Court System 12.4.6 Explain the processes of selection and confirmation of Supreme Court justices. p. 256 Discuss the Supreme Court decision at the bottom of the page and its impact. p. 265 Supreme Court Power
p. 481 Separation of Powers 12.7.8 Understand the scope of presidential power and decision making through examination of case studies such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, passage of Great Society legislation, War Powers Act, Gulf War, and Bosnia. Chapter 7: The Presidency, pp.142-167. p. 142: The Presidency p. 143: The President s Roles Chief Executive, Commander-in-Chief, Chief Agenda- Setter, Representative of the Nation p. 144: Chief of State p.145: Foreign-Policy Leader, Party Leader p. 145: Qualifications and Terms of Office Formal Qualifications, Presidential Background p. 146: Terms, Salary and Benefits, Presidential Succession p. 147: Section 1 Review p. 148: Executive Powers Executive Laws, Appointing Officials p.149: Executive Privilege p.149: Diplomatic Powers Making Treaties p. 151: Making Executive Agreements, Recognizing Governments p. 151: Military Powers Committing Troops, War Powers Act p. 152: Judicial Powers p. 153: Legislative Powers Recommending Legislation, Vetoing legislation, Lobbying p. 154: Growth of Presidential Power Early Presidents p. 155: The Modern Presidency p. 156: The Imperial Presidency, The Presidency Today, Section 2 Review p. 157: Electoral College p. 158: Nomination Procedures p. 159: Early Nomination Procedures, Conventions p. 159: Presidential Primaries p. 160: Caucuses p. 161: Nominating Conventions Speeches, Party Platform, Floor Demonstrations, State-by-State Roll Call
p.162: The Election p. 163: Electoral College and the Popular Vote, Criticisms of the Electoral College 12.5 Students summarize landmark U.S. Supreme Court interpretations of the Constitution and its amendments. 10. 12.5.1 Understand the changing interpretations of the Bill of Rights over time, including interpretations of the basic freedoms (religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly) articulated in the First Amendment and the due process and equalprotection-of-the-law clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. p. 51 (Section 2) Amending the Constitution p. 51 Methods of Amending the Constitution p. 52 Proposing Amendments p. 52 Ratifying Amendments p. 53 The 27 Amendments p. 53 Protecting Individual Rights p. 53 Expanding Voting and Other Rights p. 55 Extending Government Powers p. 55 Ratification Deadlines p. 319 Due Process of Law 12.5.4 Explain the controversies that have resulted over changing interpretations of civil rights, including those in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda v. Arizona, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, and United States v. Virginia (VMI). p. R12 Plessy vs. Ferguson p. R13 Miranda vs. Arizona p. R14 Regents vs. Bakke 11. 12.5.2 Analyze judicial activism and judicial restraint and the effects of each policy over the decades (e.g., the Warren and Rehnquist courts). p. 264 Judicial Restraint vs. Judicial Activism
p. 265 Checking Judicial Power p. 265 Passing Amendments p. 265-266 Refusing to Obey Court Decisions 12.5.3 Evaluate the effects of the Court's interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and United States v. Nixon, with emphasis on the arguments espoused by each side in these cases. p. 49-50 Judicial Review p. R8 Marbury vs. Madison p., 70-71 The Courts and the Federal System p. 56 A Flexible Document 12.6 Students evaluate issues regarding campaigns for national, state, and local elective offices. 12. 12.6.1 Analyze the origin, development, and role of political parties, noting those occasional periods in which there was only one major party or were more than two major parties. Chapter 18 p. 404 Introduction to Political Parties p. 405-406 Functions of Political Parties p. 407-408 Types of Political Parties p. 409-411 Early Political Parties p. 412-415 Development of Political Parties p. 416-420 Local, State, and National Parties 12.6.2 Discuss the history of the nomination process for presidential candidates and the increasing importance of primaries in general elections. p. 429 Caucuses p. 430 Convention Petitions p. 431 Primary Election p. 432 Closed, Open, Run-off, and Non-Partisan Primaries
12.6.6 Analyze trends in voter turnout; the causes and effects of reapportionment and redistricting, with special attention to spatial districting and the rights of minorities; and the function of the Electoral College. p. 99 Congressional Districts p. 100 Gerrymandering p. 101 Continued Gerrymandering p. 106 Decided Elections: The Electoral College p. 157 Electoral College p. 158 Electoral College p. 163 Electoral College p. 164 Electoral College 13. 12.6.3 Evaluate the roles of polls, campaign advertising, and the controversies over campaign funding. Chapter 9, Section 2 p. 435-436 Candidate Visibility p. 436-437 Media Involvement, Polling, Campaign Financing p. 438 Regulation of Campaign Financing 12.6.4 Describe the means that citizens use to participate in the political process (e.g., voting, campaigning, lobbying, filing a legal challenge, demonstrating, petitioning, picketing, running for political office). p. 313-314 Picketing p. 312-314 Demonstrating & Protests p. 445 voting p. 463-464 Referendum p. 463 Initiatives p. 463-464 Political Process p. 312-314 Freedom of Assembly p. 106 Impeachment p. 435-439
Campaigns & Campaign Financing Candidate Visibility Campaign Appearances Campaign in Person Today Media Involvement Early Campaign Advertising Media Campaign Today Polling Campaign Financing Party Assistance Political Action Committees (PACs) Private Donors Public Funding Personal Financing 12.6.5 Discuss the features of direct democracy in numerous states (e.g., the process of referendums, recall elections). p. 15 Direct Democracy (definition) p. 461-462 State Constitutions p. 462-464 State Government and the People; Referenda; Recalls p. 465 The State Government and the Public Good 12.7 Students analyze and compare the powers and procedures of the national, state, tribal, and local governments. 14. 12.7.1 Explain how conflicts between levels of government and branches of government are resolved. p. 148-Presidential powers p. 152-Judicial powers p. 153-Legislative powers p. 154-Growth of Presidential Power
12.7.2 Identify the major responsibilities and sources of revenue for state and local governments. Chapter 21.3, pages 493-496 p. 493-property taxes p. 494- sales taxes, income taxes p. 494- fees 12.7.3 Discuss reserved powers and concurrent powers of state governments. Chapter 4- p. 68-powers of state government, reserved and concurrent powers 12.7.4 Discuss the Ninth and Tenth Amendments and interpretations of the extent of the federal government's power. P. 68-69 12.7.5 Explain how public policy is formed, including the setting of the public agenda and implementation of it through regulations and executive orders. HRW, American Government, Chapter 17 (383-403) 12.7.6 Compare the processes of lawmaking at each of the three levels of government, including the role of lobbying and the media. HRW, American Government, Chapter 4, Chapter 5 12.7.7 Identify the organization and jurisdiction of federal, state, and local (e.g., California) courts and the interrelationships among them. HRW, American Government, Chapter 11 pp. 248-269 p. 249: Role of the Courts--Resolving Disputes, Setting Precedents, Interpreting the Law, p. 250: Authority of the Courts p. 252: Lower Court Organization District Courts, Courts of Appeal, Other Courts
p. 253: Federal Judges p. 254: District Courts District Court Appointment, Courts of Appointments p. 255: Development of the Supreme Court The Early Years p. 256: The Marshall Court, p. 259: The Justices p. 257: Terms, Court Appointments p. 258: The Supreme Court at Work Choosing Cases, Who may Appeal p. 259: Filing Briefs p. 260: Oral Argument p. 261: Conference, Preparing Opinions p. 262: Justices Staffs, Announcing Decisions p. 263: Appointment vs. Election p. 264: Judicial Restraint vs. Judicial Activism p. 265: Checking Judicial Power Passing Amendments, Refusing to Obey Court Decisions p. 266: Section Review p. 268-269: Chapter 11 Review Chapter 20, pp. 471-472 p. 471: State and Judicial Branches Trial Courts p. 472: Appeals Courts, Special Courts, The Judges, Section Review 12.8 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the influence of the media on American political life. 15. 12.8.1 Discuss the meaning and importance of a free and responsible press. p. 53 The Bill of Rights p. 150 The President and the Media p. 306-310 Freedom of Speech and the Media Prior Restraint Trials Libel 12.8.2 Describe the roles of broadcast, print, and electronic media, including the
Internet, as means of communication in American politics. p. 448 Media and Elections p. 442 Campaigns (Advertising) p. 451 The Media s Role in Politics p. 30-34 Freedom of Speech and the Press p. 150 The President and the Media p. 306 Freedom of Speech and the Media p. 308 Licensing, False Advertising p. 309 Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent Community School District p. 314 Peaceful Association p. 315 FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) 12.8.3 Explain how public officials use the media to communicate with the citizenry and to shape public opinion. p. 367 What is Public Opinion? p. 369 Politics and the Minds p. 372 Measuring Public Opinion p. 377 The Media and the Public Good p. 381 Glory and Defeat 12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time, with emphasis on the quest for political democracy, its advances, and its obstacles. 16. 12.9.1 Explain how the different philosophies and structures of feudalism, mercantilism, socialism, fascism, communism, monarchies, parliamentary systems, and constitutional liberal democracies influence economic policies, social welfare policies, and human rights practices. p. 519 Fascism p. 515-522 Communism p. 512 Socialism p. 8 Constitutional Monarchy
p. 118 Parliamentary System p. 220 Human Rights 12.9.2 Compare the various ways in which power is distributed, shared, and limited in systems of shared powers and in parliamentary systems, including the influence and role of parliamentary leaders (e.g., William Gladstone, Margaret Thatcher). p. 8 Sources of Authority: Monarchies, Republics p. 9 Japan s Constitutional Monarchy p. 10 Power Among Levels of Government p. 11 Presidential Systems; Parliamentary Systems 12.9.3 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of federal, con federal, and unitary systems of government. p. 10 Power Among Levels of Government: Unitary Systems, Federal Systems, Confederal Systems 17. 12.9.4 Describe for at least two countries the consequences of conditions that gave rise to tyrannies during certain periods (e.g., Italy, Japan, Haiti, Nigeria, and Cambodia). World History Ch. 20, Section 5 Ch. 24, Section 2 12.9.7 Describe the ideologies that give rise to Communism, methods of maintaining control, and the movements to overthrow such governments in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, including the roles of individuals (e.g., Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Pope John Paul II, Lech Walesa, Vaclav Havel). p. 506-510 Capitalism p. 511-514 Socialism p. 515-522 Communism
18. 12.9.5 Identify the forms of illegitimate power that twentieth-century African, Asian, and Latin American dictators used to gain and hold office and the conditions and interests that supported them. American Nation p. 511 New Latin American leaders p. 572 Communist Victory in China American Government p. 231 Case Study 12.9.6 Identify the ideologies, causes, stages, and outcomes of major Mexican, Central American, and South American revolutions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Ch. 25 19. 12.9.8 Identify the successes of relatively new democracies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the ideas, leaders, and general societal conditions that have launched and sustained, or failed to sustain, them. World History text: Chapter 23, Asia Chapter 24, Africa Chapter 25, Latin America 20. 12.10 Students formulate questions about and defend their analyses of tensions within our constitutional democracy and the importance of maintaining a balance between the following concepts: majority rule and individual rights; liberty and equality; state and national authority in a federal system; civil disobedience and the rule of law; freedom of the press and the right to a fair trial; the relationship of religion and government